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Despite the significant contributions of cities to our nation's economy and the everyday life of most Americans, local government leaders are faced with significant constraints on their ability to lead and govern. This article presents a novel framework of constraints facing city leadership focused on legal (what they are allowed to do), fiscal (what they have resources to do), and political constraints (what they want to do). A model is constructed to analyze the impact of these constraints on local action regarding minimum wage and hypothesize that greater constraints will result in less policy action within cities. Using multivariate regression, the authors find that political constraints and economic factors are the most significant determinants of whether a city pursues policy leadership.

The thesis investigates how new forms of public leadership can contribute to solving complex problems in today's welfare societies through innovation. A bottom-up type of leadership for collaborative innovation addressing wicked problems is theorised, displaying a social constructive process approach to leadership; a theoretical model emphasises that leadership emerges through social processes of recognition. Leadership is recognised by utilising the uncertainty of a wicked problem and innovation to influence collaborators' sensemaking processes. The empirical setting is the City of Copenhagen in which a strategy- and policy-making process is launched by a handful of professionals and a middle-manager with an in-depth knowledge of area-based planning programs in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The objective is increased coordination across municipal administrations and social housing organizations. A crucial condition for success is iterative leadership adaptation. In conclusion, the thesis finds that specialized professionals are indeed able to develop politically viable, innovative and collaborative solutions to wicked problems; and that such professionals are able to transform themselves into an actual, yet temporary, leadership, fully able to navigate the uncertainties and conflicts that characterise large political organisations.

The development of science, technology, and arts, as well as the development and social changes of a community, is so rapid. Thus, the challenge of the future education is not easy. Education is a cultural strategy and is not merely a conscious effort. As an educational institution, High School (SMA) has a very strategic role to restore education to the spirit and identity of Indonesia. The principal has a very important role to play in his/her vision and mission, and the school's organizational culture is an essential component of success in his/her leadership. The organizational culture-based "among" system leadership model is considered appropriate to be implemented by the principal. Therefore, it is necessary to further observe the leadership model and value system that is the organizational culture in the school. In general, this study aimed to describe the organizational culture-based "among" system leadership model in five public and private multicultural high schools, and those which are religiously affiliated in the city of Yogyakarta. The five schools include SMA Negeri 3, Taman Madya Tamansiswa High School, SMA PIRI I (Islam), Christian BOPKRI I High School, and Catholic Marsudi Luhur High School, all of which are in Yogyakarta City. This study employed a qualitative approach with data from the natural background as the source of primary data. This study aims to know and simultaneously describe the leadership model of the organizational culture-based "among" system of the schools in Yogyakarta City. The study was designed as a multi-case study model. To be able to understand the meaning of such events and interactions, theoretical orientation and theoretical perspective with a phenomenological approach were employed. Based on the results of the documentary, observation, and interviews studies, this study shows differences between the five high schools although nuances to Indonesia is in fact still reflected in it. The differences can be interpreted as a diversity that is a reflection of the specificity and typicality of the schools concerned. Besides, it was found that the organizational culture was developed on the basis of local wisdom, nationalism, and Islamic faith. It is these factors that affect the leadership pattern of the principals in the schools. The fact shows that the leadership model implemented in the High Schools in Yogyakarta City dominantly refers to government regulation and or foundation one for the private schools; it also has a multicultural nuance based on the local or religious wisdom or a combination of both. It is implemented with the slogans of silih asih, asuh, and asah which are actually the essence of "among" system leadership model. Islamic schools need to go deeper into the wisdom of Rasulullah Muhammad S.A.W's leadership, known as prophetic leadership, to act as worship, to give priority to ministry, instead of asking to be served. The prominent Christian teaching is the spirit of loving that is based on service which needs a profound interpretation that love is giving rather than asking for services. Therefore, the organizational culture-based among system leadership model of the schools that refers to local, national, and religious wisdom is expected to produce an optimal and sustainable performance.

In one of the episodes of his incisive and critically acclaimed public affairs commentary series, Common Sense, Senator Ben Murray-Bruce of Bayelsa State conducted a performance evaluation of governors in Nigeria in which he placed Governor Willie Obiano of Anambra State at the top bracket. Bruce concluded the episode with the recommendation that other State governments should emulate Anambra by striving for self-sufficiency towards departing from what has been referred to as babiyala syndrome of Nigeria federalism. By uncanny coincidence on April 11, 2017, as the sun let its light shine in a peculiar display of its kaleidoscopic effulgence from the centre of our solar system, Governor Obiano prayed that God should bless the shining light that Anambra people bear as he addressed the State on the proposed Umueri Airport City Project. The paper subjected the words, inferences and essence of the address to critical analysis from various perspectives of leadership, good governance and development studies; it discussed leadership and its capacity to motivate people towards striving for excellence and, ultimately, the achievement of collective goals. In concluding, the paper held that the address is: (1) pivotal in the affairs of Anambra State especially given the realities of the current economic recession; (2) a powerful wakeup call on the people of the State urging them to let the light of their entrepreneurial and can-do spirit shine towards economic emancipation of the people and the State; and (3) a template that governors of other States, especially those who are obviously not performing effectively, should adopt and adapt towards efficiency and effectiveness in leadership and governance at the subnational level of Nigeria.Key Words: Can-do spirit, self-sufficiency, economic diversification, Build- Operate-Manage-and-Transfer, babiyala federalism

The recent rise in the use of third-party standards and rating systems to evaluate the sustainability or greenness of urban programs and policies includes their explicit incorporation into municipal policy in the case of certified green buildings. In this paper the theoretical framework of performativity is used to explain how multiple forms of city activity interlock through policy to name, repeat, and recount the city as a leader—which, in this particular discursive formation, means being green. By performing greenness to their peers, city staff and elected officials work on the city's identity as an innovator and leader. Furthermore, the internal performance of greenness to residents and businesspeople indicates the appropriate role of local government in relation to private sector activity and protecting citizens, including taking on the risks of new technologies and practices to ease the way for private capital.

This is a descriptive-correlation study to describe the organizational profile, the minister's profile, the extent of leadership styles and the level of leadership performance of the Missionary Baptist Ministers in Davao City. The study was conducted to the eleven Missionary Baptist Churches and ministers in Davao City. There were ten members involved in each church as the respondents of this study and a total of hundred ten (110) from all of the eleven churches. Using survey questionnaire and descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, weighted mean and inferential statistics, particularly, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient or Pearson r. Findings showed that many Missionary Baptist Churches exist between eleven (11) to twenty-five (25) years. Almost all of their ministers are graduates of theology degree and it appeared that in leadership, they are more on servant model and member care. Further revealed that a church with longer years of existence has lower perceived leadership performance of the minister and a church with more number of members and annual budget has better perceived leadership performance. It also showed that the higher the educational attainment of the minister the better is the perceived leadership performance from the members; however, the older the age and the longer the years of service of the minister, the lower is the perceived leadership performance. Findings also revealed that the higher the extent of being a servant model leader, pace-setting leader, charismatic leader, and democratic leader, the better is the perceived leadership performance. On the other hand, the negative correlation of autocratic leadership implies that the more autocratic a leader, the lower is the perceived leadership performance.

Women who have been used as the object of national development is considered to be anfair, due to the current conditions of women already have to be the perpetrators of the change. Their motion is limited in the domestic territory. Indeed, the normative idea contained in the 1945 Constitution has never been a record stating that there is no differentiate between men and women. Politic and election are clear to accommodate women to participate more broadly. The research objectives is to know: 1) kinds of programs of KPI Blitar 2) Supporting factors and inhibitors program of KPI Blitar. This research uses a qualitative approach that describes all the activities of KPI Blitar related to efforts of women empowerment in Blitar. The results of this research indicates: 1) The role of KPI Blitar city in Improving Leadership of female autonomy. 2) Supporting factors of KPI Blitar city which cooperate with government institution, independently, local and national. Internal and external constraint factors lead many women to become activists of rights struggle, and tend to rely on men ability. Key words: Indonesian Women Coalition (KPI), Patriakhi, Domestik. Received: 12 August, 2017; Accepter: 10 September, 2017

The social sciences have often used leadership as a concept to describe the role of agency in change. Nonetheless, what leadership is and does may not always be clear, especially in the loose networks of local governance. On taking a policy analysis perspective, policy leadership in cities can be seen as coordinated action to achieve a shared goal taken by more than one leader, each endowed with different resources that may suddenly become strategic during the policy process. This paper thus proposes a theoretical reflection on policy leadership and uses a case study in urban planning to unpack power relationships involved in policy change at the municipal level. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it clarifies the concept of leadership in different social sciences and proposes an original application to the analysis of the policy process in local governments based on a typology of styles of policy leadership and a classification of strategic resources. Second, it argues for the existence of a policy leadership in the process of urban planning in Turin (1993-2011) as a key component of the complexity of urban governance, by focusing on the situated and strategic nature of exchange relationships. Adapted from the source document.

Schools as a formal educational institutionsthat aimed at shaping the human personality, in developing the intellectual learners in order to achieve the life of the nation. The principal as a leader role is very important to help teachers to improve the quality of education, a school principal should be able to improve the performance of teachers or the subordinate. Given the importance of the role of a leader in supporting the accomplishment of it, authors are encouraged to conduct research on leadership style Headmaster of the Teacher Performance SDN 07 district Pontianak City. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect Otokritas leadership style, leadership of the Liberal and leadership of the Demoktaris to performance of teachers at SDN 07 district Pontianak City. In this study, the population was all teachers at SDN 07 district. Pontianak City as many as 30 people but does not include the principal. Methods of data collection are using questionnaires, interviews and document methods while the techniques of sampling is using census techniques. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and Causality. The results of this study can be concluded that variable autocratic leadership style, democratic and liberal simultaneously does not affect to performance of the State Primary School Teachers 07 District of Pontianak City. While partially independent variables autocratic leadership style, democratic and liberal does not have any significant effect on fixed variable then Ho is accepted and Ha rejected. Keywords: Leadership Style, Principal and Teacher Performance