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Women who have been used as the object of national development is considered to be anfair, due to the current conditions of women already have to be the perpetrators of the change. Their motion is limited in the domestic territory. Indeed, the normative idea contained in the 1945 Constitution has never been a record stating that there is no differentiate between men and women. Politic and election are clear to accommodate women to participate more broadly. The research objectives is to know: 1) kinds of programs of KPI Blitar 2) Supporting factors and inhibitors program of KPI Blitar. This research uses a qualitative approach that describes all the activities of KPI Blitar related to efforts of women empowerment in Blitar. The results of this research indicates: 1) The role of KPI Blitar city in Improving Leadership of female autonomy. 2) Supporting factors of KPI Blitar city which cooperate with government institution, independently, local and national. Internal and external constraint factors lead many women to become activists of rights struggle, and tend to rely on men ability. Key words: Indonesian Women Coalition (KPI), Patriakhi, Domestik. Received: 12 August, 2017; Accepter: 10 September, 2017

This study analyzed women political candidates' security status and their participation in political leadership in Kenya. Specific objectives included to establish the level of security for women political candidates, perpetrators of political insecurity, motive for political threats, and the survival tactics used by women political candidates. The study was anchored on conflict theory, standpoint theory, and feminism theory. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted where the target population comprised 125 Members of County Assembly (MCAs) in Nairobi City County. Census was used to involve all of them in the study and a structured questionnaire applied for data collection. The findings established that security for women political candidates in Kenya was a serious issue, with more than 55% of the respondents having witnessed gender-based political violence against women political candidates. Perpetrators of the threats included close family members and political opponents. Common threats included bodily harm, sexual harassment, and embarrassments. Motives for political insecurity included jealousy by detractors/opponents, given the competitive nature of politics. The study concluded that women political candidates in Kenya stand higher security risks than their men counterparts. The study recommended the need for the IEBC to effectively protect all political candidates during campaigns regardless of gender.

The purpose of this study was to find leadership style popular (autocratic, laissez-faire, paternalistic, charismatic and democratic) on employee work discipline at Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City. In this study, using a form of qualitative research. The method of data collection consisted of primary data (observations, and questionnaires). The population of this study was the employes in Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City, and the sample is all populations made into samples. This study concluded that together or simultaneously leadership style has an influence on employee work discipline of the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City, with a significance of 0.004 < 0.05. Four of the five independent variables proved influential on work discipline, the variable is autocratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, and democratic. The conclusion of this study was that what was felt by employees of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City that the popular leadership style in their opinion was style autocratic, laissez-faire, charismatic and democratic style.

In conformity with its objective of functioning as a local Government, Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) sought the assistance of the World Bank for the preparation of a City Development Strategy (CDS). The various sectoral as well as integrated strategies presented in this document seem to be an overwhelming demand on KMC with its limited manpower and money. A CDS is essential if KMC is to focus its development potential. The optimism lies in political leadership, enabling environment and necessary support that will be rendered to KMC from civil society. The vision for Kathmandu stresses the need to develop the valley as administrative, cultural and tourism center. The strategy to move towards that vision through improvement in the overall situation of the KMC, however, is likely to be a long drawn struggle, yet achievable. The urban planning study strongly recommends that Kathmandu should be accorded special status as a capital city and large polluting and manufacturing industries should be discouraged immediately and if possible, re-location plans be drawn for existing industries in the near future. Alternatively, service and light industries should be promoted to replace the economic opportunities. Urban areas in KMC are not designated by a functional and occupational structure or contiguity criteria for managing housing and squatter settlements. Housing problems are a serious challenge in a situation where a historically planned city is fast transforming itself into a trade-cum-service center. On the other hand, it is encouraging to note that despite the absence of city specific policies and programs for housing, slums and squatters, the communities are highly organized and are gradually improving their conditions at their own costs, which show their potential for mobilization in participatory home improvement programs.

Schools as a formal educational institutionsthat aimed at shaping the human personality, in developing the intellectual learners in order to achieve the life of the nation. The principal as a leader role is very important to help teachers to improve the quality of education, a school principal should be able to improve the performance of teachers or the subordinate. Given the importance of the role of a leader in supporting the accomplishment of it, authors are encouraged to conduct research on leadership style Headmaster of the Teacher Performance SDN 07 district Pontianak City. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect Otokritas leadership style, leadership of the Liberal and leadership of the Demoktaris to performance of teachers at SDN 07 district Pontianak City. In this study, the population was all teachers at SDN 07 district. Pontianak City as many as 30 people but does not include the principal. Methods of data collection are using questionnaires, interviews and document methods while the techniques of sampling is using census techniques. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and Causality. The results of this study can be concluded that variable autocratic leadership style, democratic and liberal simultaneously does not affect to performance of the State Primary School Teachers 07 District of Pontianak City. While partially independent variables autocratic leadership style, democratic and liberal does not have any significant effect on fixed variable then Ho is accepted and Ha rejected. Keywords: Leadership Style, Principal and Teacher Performance

When Spaniards arrived in central Mexico in 1519, Tetzcoco was one of the two most important ethnic states in the region. It was a cultural center--home to famed "poet-kings"--and was second in power only to the Aztec capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Yet by the beginning of the seventeenth century, Tetzcoco had been reduced to a mere shadow of its former grandeur. This dissertation focuses specifically on Tetzcoco's native nobility in this period of waning influence. Using a combination of Spanish- and Nahuatl-language documents as well as indigenous pictorial sources from archives in Spain and Mexico, this work chronicles the strategies employed by the indigenous hereditary nobles of Tetzcoco to navigate the first century of Spanish rule and serves as a case study of the powerful forces that reshaped and transformed local power and indigenous leadership. These changes did not occur as quickly as once believed; the Spanish conquest, while tumultuous, did not destroy native aristocrats. Indeed, some factions of the Tetzcoca nobility benefited from the Spanish arrival, as Cort�s and his men eliminated rivals in local government. The native aristocracy continued to govern in a manner similar to that of the precontact period until the 1560s. By the last few decades of the sixteenth century, however, the family's power and place in local politics was under increasing pressure. Spaniards increasingly challenged the native nobles' control over local land and tribute. Several wealthy and influential mestizos, or individuals of mixed-race, emerged to rival the indigenous members of the aristocracy for influence. And after the death of the Tetzcoca leader in 1564, the viceroy took power from the old ruling family by appointing local leaders of his choosing in Tetzcoco. The traditional native aristocrats became divorced from the corporate roles that they traditionally played in Tetzcoco's political life and no longer participated in direct governance. Being ousted from local office effected different nobles in different ways. Some were reduced to poverty and obscurity. Those that possessed the family's entailed estate, however, simply withdrew into private lives of affluent leisure modeled on the aristocracies of Europe.

The article presents a research carried out in Šiauliai City municipality in 2009, which was aimed at finding out the spread of features of transactional and transformational leadership in the Council of the current period of office (2007-2011) by relating the manifestations of leadership to efficiency of activity when representing the interests of the community. Activity of the members of the Council was assessed by the executive power - the executives of divisions of municipal administration.

The article presents a research carried out in Šiauliai City municipality in 2009, which was aimed at finding out the spread of features of transactional and transformational leadership in the Council of the current period of office (2007-2011) by relating the manifestations of leadership to efficiency of activity when representing the interests of the community. Activity of the members of the Council was assessed by the executive power - the executives of divisions of municipal administration.

The study explored and described the perceptions and experiences of Primary Health Care facility managers regarding their leadership and management competencies in the Buffalo City Metro Health District in the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the leadership competencies required for facility managers to exercise their leadership in Primary Health Care facilities and to bring about the recommendation. The population of this study comprised of facility managers who are appointed in facility management position permanently or on acting basis during the time of the study, in rural, urban, and semi-urban Primary Health Care facilities (clinics) in Buffalo City Health District. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Two focus group interviews with 10 participants per group were held to collect data. Thematic data analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings were discussed according to themes and subthemes. Four themes and 9 subthemes were identified from the data. Themes include departmental factors, individual factors, and political factors. The subthemes include managers lack of support, need for capacitation of staff, lack of uniformity in exercising leadership, work positions, infrastructure, staff shortages, lack of involvement in decision making, lack of resources, feeling of being a failure, not meeting expectation (workload) role of managers, pressure, the resistance of staff members to change, absenteeism, teamwork, compliance to policies, the 80/20 principle, nurse-patient ratio, and consultation. The trustworthiness of the findings was ensured by focussing on dependability, confirmability, transferability, and credibility. The study concluded that facility managers receive very limited supervision to perform their management duties in their facilities. They also need adequate resources, induction, training and a habitable work environment to ensure that quality care is provided. The study recommended that the ...

Job satisfaction is thing that momentously been noticed. Leadership, motivation, organisai's compensation and culture can regard clerk that perceives to please works to have present zoom and sometimes have the better than clerk achievement dissatisfies to work. This research aimed to analyze leadership influence, motivation, and compensation to Civil Public Servant job satisfaction at environmentally on duty Jayapura's City health .

This research aimed to examine the relationship between collaborative management, leadership, and customary authority by Ondoafi in their strategic decision-making process as traditional leaders and government figures. Information analysis was then conducted descriptively with an ethnographic basis and normative analysis, using representative leaders from the government, traditions, youth, women, and religion, as participants. The results showed that collaborative management and leadership have not been examined efficiently because informal leaders/Ondoafi also act as formal government figures in the village government system

To improve upon a school to its desired manner, the head teacher needs to take the leadership role and gather a lot of knowledge and develop some skills. Relating it, this study was conducted in qualitative approach with the view to exploring the challenges and possibilities of implementing leadership training of head teachers of primary schools. Through conducting four interviews and one FGD data was collected, which showed that due to some challenges of training providers and the participant head teachers the training could not be implemented in proper way. The head teacher and the local education authority need to take the leadership role to implement the training knowledge and skills in the schools to improve the desired results.

The study aimed to identify the role of strategic leadership in the internal security apparatus, and measure its capabilities in crisis management in the Northern part of Iraq, by studying the dimensions of strategic leadership (spreading organizational learning, empowering workers, spreading organizational culture, strategic visualization, and organizational control), highlighting its relationship and its impact. In managing crisis, the study made suggested recommendations to strengthen and develop the role of strategic leadership in crisis management. The research targeted governmental institutions of the Northern part of Iraq and questionnaire was used as a means of data collection.

Brexit has far-reaching consequences for Europe and the European single market for financial transactions. In particular in this field, the UK has had a strong influence in drafting European policies and legislation as the City of London has acted as the financial hub in Europe for several decades. As a result, the UK has spearheaded the call for more market friendly legislation with the support of some other EU member states. This went against the wishes of several other EU member states, where a stronger rule-based approach to financial markets was strongly preferred, in particular after the financial crisis clearly demonstrated weaknesses in the macroeconomic oversight of European financial markets. With the UK leaving, the call for more stringent legislation will gain momentum as the political leadership among the remaining 27 EU member states will shift and might be looking to curtail the long-standing dominant position of the UK in the field of financial industries. In this light, several leaders of EU27 member states have already voiced their support for their nations' financial hub to become the next City of London. This would lead to a substantial change in leadership in European finance post-Brexit. This contribution assesses the impact of Brexit on the changes in political leadership on the governance of European financial markets, as they might ultimately be reflected in the institutional outcomes and policies.

Hinduism is a source of various sciences. Among the famous Vedic scripture, Arthaśāstra has known as one of the primary references in finding leadership values. The remnants of leadership values from Arthaśāstra in Indonesia can be traced through the existence of Old Javanese Scripture (Lontar) such as Kakawin Niti Sastra, Lontar Nitipraya, Lontar Sewaka Dharma, and many others. This study examines the Sewaka Dharma work ethic, An Implementation of Hindu leadership on the Text of Arthaśāstra in The Government of Denpasar City. As a qualitative study, the data collection methods used in this study are in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. Furthermore, the analytical strategy applied in this research is the Qualitative Content Analysis in the form of Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA). The Implementation of Hindu Leadership in the Text of Arthaśāstra in The Government of Denpasar City is embodied in the work ethic spirit of Sewaka Dharma. The essence of leadership in Arthaśāstra is an effort to realize Yogaksema. A situation where the state and its people live in welfare and prosperity, both in terms of physical/material, inner/emotional & spiritual. This essence is illustrated by the work ethic spirit of Sewaka Dharma, where the Government of Denpasar City always serves and nurtures its people to realize the yogaksema of the people of Denpasar City. The implementation of the Sewaka Dharma spirit is not only seen in the development of the Leadership model in the Government of Denpasar City, but also in their efforts to realize good governance and excellent public service.