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Examines the events that enabled the new breed of international terrorists to carry out the 1993 World Trade Center bombing & plot attacks against other New York City landmarks. Conditions that led to the decline of organized terrorist groups, like the Palestine Liberation Organization, & the growth of new militant Islamic groups are discussed. Sources of recruitment & training practices of these new groups are described. It is shown how the fluid, nonsystematic structure of these groups, who are trained in Afghan & Sudanese camps, & their use of simple, readily available devices make them more difficult to combat & contain. The role of inspirational leaders in motivating "freelance" terrorists, who have taken advantage of modern communications, is assessed. It is concluded that the growth of the new terrorists is proceeding apace & must be met with increased vigilance. T. Arnold

The origins of the concept of leaderless resistance in the US are examined. Rather than assert that such strategies emerged during the 1980s, it is contended that this terrorist method developed in conjunction with the National Socialist Liberation Front's (NSLF) emergence during the early 1970s, assessing the role of NSLF leader Joseph Tommasi in the formation of leaderless resistance. However, Ku Klux Klan member Louis R. Beam's (1992) writing on leaderless resistance provided a comprehensive definition of the concept. The subsequent adoption of leaderless resistance by the Odinist movement is discussed. The question of whether Timothy McVeigh's terrorist act in Oklahoma City constitutes an example of leaderless resistance or a call for mass mobilization is also pondered. J. W. Parker

Examines the basic visual symbols that constitute the traditional elements of identity for the Russian state & former empire. The need for legitimation is a fundamental aspect of political leadership. Sources of legitimation include national myths & religion; dynastic succession, which played a major role in the Russian monarchy; the symbolic power of the capital city as the seat of political authority; history & tradition, whether accurate or mythical; & symbols of continuity & strength, such as the double-headed eagle, the continued worship of Stalin, & the observance of former Soviet state holidays. The author concludes that symbols play a vital role in maintaining national identity & social order. 45 References. J. R. Callahan

Smart cities and 3D printing technologies are attracting unprecedented attention with signs that they will be key drivers of societal and economic change. Yet, the connection in how 3D printing can enhance smart cities remains understudied. To this end, this paper argues that 3D printing has widespread applications across higher education and smart city settings through the opening and democratizing of innovation. Accordingly, several examples of recent 3D printing developments and smart city advancements are presented. However, higher education institutions (HEIs) must also be mindful of the social, ethical, and legal challenges involved with 3D printing research, integration, and democratization. Reflecting on the Triple Helix Model of university-industry-government relationships, this paper concludes that HEIs should take the lead for 3D printing and smart city collaborations. It is only through this leadership that 3D printing's positive uses will prevail over the potential pitfalls that this disruptive technology is capable of.

Focuses on Latino-Jewish dynamics in Los Angeles to contend that, although shared political interests are the basis for interethnic/interracial coalitions, each group's perceptions of its immediate interests, as well as the ability of leaders to push them forward, can strengthen or shatter a coalition. The impact of demographic changes on urban politics is examined, along with the common belief that Latinos & Jews constitute a new moderate alliance in big-city politics that was demonstrated by their joint support for mayoral candidates opposed by African Americans in both New York & Los Angeles. Nonetheless, it is argued that there is little evidence of a Latino-Jewish coalition in Los Angeles because of vast differences between the two groups in terms of socioeconomic status & role in the civic culture. The implications for a theory of interracial coalition are discussed, noting that ideology & interest are not enough for coalition building. Rather, outcomes of interracial coalitions are largely shaped & influenced by leadership & the degree of trust that develops at the leadership level. 1 Table, 24 References. J. Lindroth

Focuses on Latino-Jewish dynamics in Los Angeles to contend that, although shared political interests are the basis for interethnic/interracial coalitions, each group's perceptions of its immediate interests, as well as the ability of leaders to push them forward, can strengthen or shatter a coalition. The impact of demographic changes on urban politics is examined, along with the common belief that Latinos & Jews constitute a new moderate alliance in big-city politics that was demonstrated by their joint support for mayoral candidates opposed by African Americans in both New York & Los Angeles. Nonetheless, it is argued that there is little evidence of a Latino-Jewish coalition in Los Angeles because of vast differences between the two groups in terms of socioeconomic status & role in the civic culture. The implications for a theory of interracial coalition are discussed, noting that ideology & interest are not enough for coalition building. Rather, outcomes of interracial coalitions are largely shaped & influenced by leadership & the degree of trust that develops at the leadership level. 1 Table, 24 References. J. Lindroth

Examines recent major political transformations to determine whether they encompass key elements of the New Political Culture (NPC), eg, the rise of issue politics, weakening of clientelism, & mobilization of women/young citizens. An analysis of the fall of communist leadership in Eastern & Central Europe draws on personal observations of involved persons. It is shown that, although some aspects do not fit, a number of important elements of the NPC were involved in almost all cases. Italy in the early 1990s is examined as an example of a far-reaching political transformation. It is argued that scandals & legal battles surrounding tangentopoli (a system of political bribery/payoffs) were only marginal aspects of the NPC until elimination of an entire generation of politicians resulted from an anticorruption campaign launched in 1992. Other topics discussed include shifts toward the center among Left & Right parties, emergence of NPC elements in city governments of Japan & France, & powerful NPC rhetoric in policy statements of the Bill Clinton/Al Gore administration. J. Lindroth