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City managers' policy leadership has drawn great attention from scholars of public administration. However, what factors explain variation in managers' policy-making roles has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the mechanisms leading elected officials to defer to the manager in policy making. Survey data from Florida council-manager cities indicate that noninstitutional factors-such as mayors' political experience, managers' professionalism, and concordance of manager and council preferences-influence the likelihood that a council will allow a manager to exercise policy influence. The data reveal that city managers earn policy-making leadership at the expense of their administrative authority. Thus, managers must reconcile inherent tensions between responsibility and compliance. Adapted from the source document.

Develop best practice and improve your leadership skills with this textbook, published in association with City and Guilds for the new Level 5 Diploma in Leadership and Management for Adult Care specification. -Build comprehensive understanding of the knowledge and skills required for the Level 5 qualification, with detailed coverage of all mandatory units -Apply theoretical aspects of the Diploma in the workplace, with the 'In Practice' feature -Build confidence reviewing and evaluating practice in Adult Care settings with 'Reflect On It' activities, and examples of reflective accounts -Prepare a strong portfolio, with advice and activities on how to use evidence most effectively -Extend knowledge and understanding with access to popular optional units available online (www.hoddereducation.co.uk/adultcareextras) - Fully updated to match the Level 5 qualification's integration into the higher apprenticeship programme including the new 'undertake a research project' unit The easy-to-follow design makes this an invaluable reference guide for anyone looking to progress their management career in Adult Care.