Suchergebnisse

This paper reports on the development of information and communications technology (ICT) in education at Dublin City University (DCU) in the context of evolving government policy in promoting ICT in education over the past two decades. It uses this historical account to trace the evolution at DCU of a distinctive approach to ICT in education and training at Masters Degree level. This approach can be characterised as a shift from imparting knowledge about computing technology and uses to the practical examination and development of innovative approaches to ICT in the educational process, and reflecting on the implications of these creative approaches for professional development in range of workplace contexts.

In recent years the idea of decentralisation has attained a controversial status among those concerned with the future of our cities. To its advocates, decentralisation is seen as a tool by which citizens can forge a sense of community and make their cities liveable; to others, it is a ruse which detracts from real problems, or worse, threatens the cosmopolitanism of our great cities. The debate continues across continents and by now the arguments for and against decentralisation seem to have outrun the empirical findings on the many forms it can take. This paper explores the forms and ramifications of decentralisation as it relates to the exercise of leadership in seven decentralised areas of two cities; New York and London.
Of the seven decentralised areas or sub-systems used for this study four were in New York City and three in London. The New York operations, called 'neighbourhood districts', include identifiable areas in various parts of the city. These are Crown Heights and Bushwickin Brooklyn, Wakefield Edenwald in the Bronx, and Washington Heights in Manhattan. The New York projects were begun in 1972, at the discretion of the Mayor, and represent the core of an experiment in administrative decentralisation.

Western culture emphasizes the ideal of individual attainment in social, pol1tical, religious, and economic fields. The development of qualities of leadership through participation in communal activities by all persons in a community has served as a battle cry for democracy. The acceptance of the free school system meant that everyone was to have a chance to achieve. But equality did not come with opportunity. Somehow the abler ones moved along at a faster rate. Certainly, with all the emphasis on achievement, groups differ widely in the extent to which leadership is dispersed, in the nature of attendance at group functions, and in the character of participation of those who attend. It has been said that the purpose of a community study is to affect a more constructive socialisation program for the future. It is assumed the material found herein may be useful in further understanding rural community life. This study is being made to ascertain the extent to which participation is dispersed and the amount, kinds, and location of social activities and leadership among the people of Plain City, Utah, in activities other than those directly concerned with gaining a livelihood. It is the specific intention of this inquiry: 1. To determine the extent to which the people of Plain City use their own local institutions and the institutions of other communities. 2. To learn the difference in the use of these institutions by farmer groups and non-farmer groups, by age groups, and by groups according to marital status. 3. To clarity the nature and type of leadership in the community. 4. To ascertain the nature of the participation of these people at group gatherings. An analysis of the data secured in this study may assist in showing the weaknesses or strengths of the present methods of attaining individual socialization. It is hoped that it may also throw some light on the success of the institutions involved in the process.

The thesis investigates how new forms of public leadership can contribute to solving complex problems in today's welfare societies through innovation. A bottom-up type of leadership for collaborative innovation addressing wicked problems is theorised, displaying a social constructive process approach to leadership; a theoretical model emphasises that leadership emerges through social processes of recognition. Leadership is recognised by utilising the uncertainty of a wicked problem and innovation to influence collaborators' sensemaking processes. The empirical setting is the City of Copenhagen in which a strategy- and policy-making process is launched by a handful of professionals and a middle-manager with an in-depth knowledge of area-based planning programs in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The objective is increased coordination across municipal administrations and social housing organizations. A crucial condition for success is iterative leadership adaptation. In conclusion, the thesis finds that specialized professionals are indeed able to develop politically viable, innovative and collaborative solutions to wicked problems; and that such professionals are able to transform themselves into an actual, yet temporary, leadership, fully able to navigate the uncertainties and conflicts that characterise large political organisations.