Suchergebnisse

Im vorliegenden Arbeitspapier wird über ein Forschungsprojekt von Studierenden der Entwicklungssoziologie von Juli bis Oktober 2004 berichtet. Das Ziel der Feldforschung bestand darin, die Prozesse der Transformation vor dem Hintergrund von Demokratisierung und Dezentralisation in Senegal zu untersuchen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wurde dabei auf die lokale Entwicklungspolitik gelegt, wie sie sich in Interaktion zwischen alten Governance-Strukturen und neu entstandenen Räumen und Kräften der Zivilgesellschaft herausgebildet hat. Es wird zunächst ein Überblick über die Politik der Dezentralisierung in Senegal und die deutsch-senegalische Kooperation im Entwicklungsprogramm "Bassin arachidier" gegeben. Anschließend wird die Frage diskutiert, ob von einer ebenbürtigen Dezentralisierung und Demokratisierung des Landes, insbesondere im Bereich der Agrarpolitik gesprochen werden kann. Weitere Themen des Forschungsberichts beziehen sich auf die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft, die ausgehandelten Entwicklungen im lokalen und landwirtschaftlichen Kontext Senegals sowie auf die Rolle von neuen sozioökonomischen Akteuren und Gruppierungen. (ICI)

Building upon the experience of the Convention for the elaboration of the Charter of fundamental rights and upon the suggestions of the White Paper on European Governance, this article puts forward proposals for a better involvement of the 'civil society' in the system of the European Union. It offers a general diagnosis of the misunderstandings surrounding the notion of 'civil society' and the relationship of representative democracy to participatory democracy. It then draws some lessons from the experiment in deliberative democracy which led to the drafting of the Charter of fundamental rights. Finally, it focuses on the contribution the organisations of the civil society can make to good governance in the European Union. Altogether, the proposals presented tend to encourage a better structuration of the actors of the civil society. Such a structuration, the article concludes, although it is usually considered with suspicion even by those whom it would most benefit, must be seen instead as a condition for the effective exercise of whichever participatory rights might be granted to the organisations of the civil society.

Building upon the experience of the Convention for the elaboration of the Charter of fundamental rights and upon the suggestions of the White Paper on European Governance, this article puts forward proposals for a better involvement of the 'civil society' in the system of the European Union. It offers a general diagnosis of the misunderstandings surrounding the notion of 'civil society' and the relationship of representative democracy to participatory democracy. It then draws some lessons from the experiment in deliberative democracy which led to the drafting of the Charter of fundamental rights. Finally, it focuses on the contribution the organisations of the civil society can make to good governance in the European Union. Altogether, the proposals presented tend to encourage a better structuration of the actors of the civil society. Such a structuration, the article concludes, although it is usually considered with suspicion even by those whom it would most benefit, must be seen instead as a condition for the effective exercise of whichever participatory rights might be granted to the organisations of the civil society.

The paper analyses the class basis of the civil society in Serbia in the period of post-socialist transformation. The analysis is based on data from several empirical studies implemented by the Institute for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade over the past twenty years, specifically in 1997, 2007 and 2012. The main objective of the analysis is to determine whether there is rootedness of civil society activities among the middle class. The basic hypothesis of the paper is that members of the middle class are the key actors of civil society in the entire period observed. Results of the analysis show that the members of the middle class have been holders of civil protests during the period of blocked transformation - almost the only phenomenal manifestation of the civil society in Serbia in the 1990s. On the other hand, research findings from 2007 and 2012 indicated a significant decline of civic activism among all social groups, and the decline was most marked precisely among the middle class. Although members of the middle class, compared with other social groups, were still more willing to engage in civic activities, data show that the differences between social classes were not especially marked, and therefore we can talk only conditionally about rootedness of civil society activities among the middle class.

RFJ 2005 I p. 323 (Special provisions), 323 'Only a democratic civil society can constitute a democratic state, but only a democratic state can contribute to the formation of a democratic civil society.' 1 Introduction It is a major innovation in the new cantonal constitution, which has gone relatively unnoticed so far. This novelty lies in the constitutionalisation of civil society through the three articles of Title VIII Civil Society. Civil society 2 and secular community life 3 have therefore now become one of the constitutional principles of the Canton of Freiburg, after having recently been introduced into the new Constitution in Vaudoise 4, but at a time when RFJ 2005 I p. 323 (Special Provisions), 324 * ; http://doc.rero.ch/record/28370?ln=fr International audience ; RFJ 2005 I p. 323 (Special provisions), 323 'Only a democratic civil society can constitute a democratic state, but only a democratic state can contribute to the formation of a democratic civil society.' 1 Introduction It is a major innovation in the new cantonal constitution, which has gone relatively unnoticed so far. This novelty lies in the constitutionalisation of civil society through the three articles of Title VIII Civil Society. Civil society 2 and secular community life 3 have therefore now become one of the constitutional principles of the Canton of Freiburg, after having recently been introduced into the new Constitution in Vaudoise 4, but at a time when RFJ 2005 I p. 323 (Special Provisions), 324 * ; RFJ 2005 I p. 323 (Cahier spécial), 323 "Seule une société civile démocratique peut constituer un Etat démocratique, mais seul un Etat démocratique peut contribuer à la constitution d'une société civile démocratique." 1 Introduction Il est une innovation de taille dans la nouvelle Constitution cantonale qui est pourtant passée relativement inaperçue jusqu'ici. Cette nouveauté réside dans la constitutionnalisation de la société civile par les trois articles du Titre VIII Société civile. La société civile 2 et la vie associative ...

Introduction to the file of Italian Laboratory No 22 ; International audience ; Introduction to the file of Italian Laboratory No 22 ; Introduction au dossier du n°22 de Laboratoire italien

In his main oeuvre from the field of political philosophy ('Basic Traits of the Philosophy of Right'), Hegel wished to reconcile civil society with state. Civil society is for Hegel the way of abstract notion of property concretization. Subjective form of property is evolutioning into objective relationships among title holders. It is in the state where the will is set free from its particular interests and is becoming free in the widest sense of the word. Since civil society is established as per marketing principles, it is subject to inequalities. Since inequalities bear destructive effect on the life in community, civic particularism may be overcome only in institutional way. That institution is the state as the 'seriousness of the spirit', and the essence of civil society. Civil society is a liberal one, and the state is based on liberal principles. For Hegel, contrary to Hobbes and Locke, liberal society is not a social contract among individuals who possessed some natural rights (property), but reciproque and equal agreement among citizens and states which wish to recognize themselves mutually. It is not an own interest, but searching for rational recognition. The same as citizens, states also wish to reconcile themselves mutually, what in the situation in Kosovo and Metohia alike gets the original form.

L'objectif de ce papier est d'expliquer comment l'expression de « société civile » s'est progressivement imposée dans le vocabulaire politique et scientifique français contemporain en procédant à une recension bibliographique rigoureuse concernant plusieurs disciplines. Après un rapide tableau des apparitions successives du terme dans le débat public français, on veut éclairer quatre points : le renouveau de l'historiographie politique et économique qui a intégré la question de la société civile pour analyser les XIXe et XXe siècles français en rediscutant en particulier les analyses classiques de Tocqueville ; les études sociologiques concernant les groupes de pression et d'intérêt et le cas particulier posée par l'Union européenne ; les très nombreux travaux sur la question des sociétés civiles dans d'autres pays, et en particulier dans les situations de transition démocratique, ainsi qu'à l'échelle internationale ; enfin et plus brièvement on veut présenter quelques spécificités françaises dans les rapports entre Etat et société civile pour amorcer la conclusion. Cette présentation veut aider à mieux comprendre les malentendus persistants dans l'emploi en France de cette notion. Elle veut à la fois montrer les difficultés posées par son emploi dans les comparaisons internationales et son utilité si elle est clairement définie. ; The aim of this paper is to explain how the words "civil society" are progressively adopted in the French political and scientific vocabulary. That is why it is a review of the French literature for some disciplines: history, political science, sociology, foreign policy, political philosophy. After a short panorama of the successive uses in the French public debate, the paper focuses on four questions : the renewal of the political and economical historiography that has integrated civil society problematic for the study of the two last centuries, discussing especially the classical approach of Tocqueville; the sociological approach on lobbies, particularly to the scale of European Union; the studies on civil societies in foreign countries, above all in the situation of democratisation, and international civil society; finally and more briefly, we show French particularities in the link between the State and civil society. This paper wants to understand the persistent misunderstandings in the French uses of this notion. If there is a lot of difficulties of use this in international comparisons, it could be use efficiently if civil society is clearly defined. ; Der Beitrag untersucht, wie der Begriff "Zivilgesellschaft" schrittweise Eingang in das moderne französische Vokabular, vor allem in Politik und Wissenschaft, gefunden hat. Hierzu gibt der Autor zunächst einen bibliographischen Überblick französischer Texte aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Nach dieser begrifflichen Auflistung des Gebrauchs in der öffentlichen bzw. wissenschaftlichen Debatte Frankreichs wendet sich der Text vier Kernthemen zu: Erstens der Frage nach der Erneuerung jener Historiographie zu Politik und Wirtschaft, die das Problem der Zivilgesellschaft in die Analyse der französischen Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts einbezogen hat. Hierzu werden vor allem die klassischen Analysen Tocquevilles herangezogen. Zweitens werden die sozialwissenschaftlichen Studien zu Interessengruppen, vor allem der Fall der Europäischen Union, untersucht. Drittens wendet sich der Autor den zahlreichen Studien über andere Länder zu, insbesondere über jene, die sich gerade im Prozess der Demokratisierung befinden. Abschließend - und kürzer gefasst - widmet sich der Autor französischen Besonderheiten in der Beziehung zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft, um dann zusammenzufassen. Die Untersuchung versucht, anhaltende Missverständnisse im Gebrauch des Begriffs "Zivilgesellschaft" in Frankreich aufzuhellen. Sie will sowohl die Schwierigkeiten als auch den Nutzen im Gebrauch des Konzepts "Zivilgesellschaft" im internationalen Vergleich zeigen - sofern das Konzept klar definiert ist.

Andi Faisal Bakti
Les questions relatives à la «société civile» ont été largement débattues en Indonésie durant ces dix dernières années. Les experts musulmans utilisent deux termes différents pour exprimer ce concept : masyarakat sipil et masyarakat madani, le premier étant surtout populaire dans les cercles proches du Nahdlatul Ulama, réputé « traditionnaliste » ; le deuxième parmi les musulmans qui se veulent «modernistes» et «néo-modernistes», ces divers qualificatifs ne manquant pas d'ambiguïté. L'auteur examine le rôle de la fondation Paramadina, créée par Nurcholis Madjid, au sein des efforts consentis de part et d'autre pour l'établissement d'une «société civile», ainsi que les atouts personnels, idéologiques et stratégiques de la fondation pour atteindre ses objectifs.