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Published by authority of city government, under the direction of the Supervisory committee on historical book: Robert B. Beath, John P. Nicholson, James W. Latta. ; Plates printed on both sides. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Many Civil War authors have written works which have discussed the contribution individual states made to the war effort. These authors, however, have failed to consider the contributions made by individual counties. For example, in his work, Illinois in the Civil War, Victor Hicken has provided readers with a comprehensive history of Illinois' role in the Civil War. However, Professor Hicken's work has failed to consider the contribution Illinois' counties made to the war effort. Therefore, it is the purpose of this thesis to examine one Illinois county's contribution to that war. When the Civil War began in 1861, Edgar County was only thirty-eight years old, yet, over 16,000 inhabitants were living within the county at the time. Most of these individuals were born within the county, although many were from various midwestern states. Through the use of census records taken in 1860, a good composite of a typical soldier from the county has been made. Everything from economics to religion has been examined in relation to the average soldier from Edgar County. The major emphasis of this study, however, is to analyze the contribution that Edgar County made to the war effort. In all, 2,312 men from the county are credited with serving in the war. This represents about three-fourths of those who were considered eligible. Of the eighty different units in which Edgar Countians enlisted, several contained large numbers of soldiers from the county. These units have been examined individually, with emphasis being placed on the county's contribution to each. In addition, a separate chapter discusses some of the battles in which Edgar Countians both participated in and were killed at, as well as examines the numbers of soldiers from the county who lost their lives during the war due to other causes. In Edgar County, locally strong Copperhead activity kept local officials busy throughout the latter part of the war. To fully understand this activity, a brief examination of the county's early immigration patterns and political backgrounds has been included. Early immigrants to the county were primarily from the South. Later, many northern immigrants settled in the county. As a result, an animosity grew between these two groups as the war progressed resulting in violence. A concluding chapter analyzes and compares Edgar's contribution with that of surrounding east-central Illinois counties and the state in general. The conclusion reached by this author is that Edgar County's contribution to the Civil War was significant, in both manpower and overall contribution. The final portion of this thesis consists of a carefully prepared list of those known to have served in the war from the county. By including this the author hopes to fill a void which has existed for some time.

Each of the 102 counties in Illinois made its own contribution to the enviable war record of the state. Coles County ranked near the top of the 102 names. Her population in 1860 was 14,174. Her total troop quota for the entire war was 2,728, and she furnished 2,741 in all, or 13 men in excess of the quota. In the final analysis, not more than 3 counties furnished more troops in proportion to the population than did Coles. Volunteering in Coles did not lag until the latter part of the war. On July 1, 1864, Coles led all other counties in total number of men furnished in excess of the quota. At that time, Coles was 843 men in excess. This indicates that Coles had supplied almost all the available manpower in the county by that time, for if the total of that date (2,636) is subtracted from the total furnished in the entire war (2,741) it can be seen that only 105 men were supplied after July 1, 1864. ; https://thekeep.eiu.edu/eiu_bulletin/1236/thumbnail.jpg

The 1860s were marked by an exceptional affection and friendship in the bilateral relations between the United States, a young American republic, and the long‑established tsarist Russia. This phenomenon, which had never occurred with such intensity before or since, inspired Russian and American researchers and politicians to organize The Tsar and the President: Alexander II and Abraham Lincoln, Liberator and Emancipator exhibition which was displayed, inter alia, in Moscow in 2011. The following article analyses (on the basis of numerous source materials from the period) the reasons of this mutual amity and trust, as well as their military and economic cooperation–both internal (the Civil War in the U.S., the January Uprising in the Russian Empire), and external (the rivalry with Great Britain and France, and political calculations in the search for suitable alliances)–in the period of world power rivalry for global spheres of influence.

The 1860s were marked by an exceptional affection and friendship in the bilateral relations between the United States, a young American republic, and the long‑established tsarist Russia. This phenomenon, which had never occurred with such intensity before or since, inspired Russian and American researchers and politicians to organize The Tsar and the President: Alexander II and Abraham Lincoln, Liberator and Emancipator exhibition which was displayed, inter alia, in Moscow in 2011. The following article analyses (on the basis of numerous source materials from the period) the reasons of this mutual amity and trust, as well as their military and economic cooperation–both internal (the Civil War in the U.S., the January Uprising in the Russian Empire), and external (the rivalry with Great Britain and France, and political calculations in the search for suitable alliances)–in the period of world power rivalry for global spheres of influence.

Our thesis deals with the study of command we have confronted with different fields of analysis. An anthropological approach has allowed to identify the character and personality traits of the various actors and to see how they were able to influence their praxis of war. An analysis of the relationship between political and military authority revealed a more relational rather than institutional complexity and referred to the question of obedience and subordination from the first to the second. For some generals legality did not automatically lead to the expression of a sense of legitimacy towards its holder. An analysis of the relations between the generals showed that this war was not fought exclusively on the battlefields, but also outside. On both sides there were conspiratorial occurrences led by generals who wished to have their superior removed. The volume of dissensions, rivalries, and jealousies that have passed through the commands have given the feeling that a real internal war was taking place within them. This phenomenon was aggravated in the early months of the conflict by an appointment system that favoured friendships and political considerations over intrinsic skills. The style of operational command varied according to exogenous elements. The main ones are what Clausewitz called the phenomena of "friction" and "fog", powerful factors of uncertainty, and consubstantial and irreducible elements of war ; Notre thèse porte sur l'étude du commandement que nous avons confronté à différents champs d'analyse. Une approche anthropologique a permis d'identifier au mieux le caractère et les traits de personnalité des différents acteurs, et de voir de quelle manière ils ont pu influencer leur praxis de la guerre. Une analyse des rapports entre l'autorité politique et militaire a révélé une complexité plus relationnelle qu'institutionnelle et renvoyé à la question de l'obéissance et de la subordination de la première à la seconde. Pour certains généraux la légalité ne conduisait pas automatiquement à ...

Our thesis deals with the study of command we have confronted with different fields of analysis. An anthropological approach has allowed to identify the character and personality traits of the various actors and to see how they were able to influence their praxis of war. An analysis of the relationship between political and military authority revealed a more relational rather than institutional complexity and referred to the question of obedience and subordination from the first to the second. For some generals legality did not automatically lead to the expression of a sense of legitimacy towards its holder. An analysis of the relations between the generals showed that this war was not fought exclusively on the battlefields, but also outside. On both sides there were conspiratorial occurrences led by generals who wished to have their superior removed. The volume of dissensions, rivalries, and jealousies that have passed through the commands have given the feeling that a real internal war was taking place within them. This phenomenon was aggravated in the early months of the conflict by an appointment system that favoured friendships and political considerations over intrinsic skills. The style of operational command varied according to exogenous elements. The main ones are what Clausewitz called the phenomena of "friction" and "fog", powerful factors of uncertainty, and consubstantial and irreducible elements of war ; Notre thèse porte sur l'étude du commandement que nous avons confronté à différents champs d'analyse. Une approche anthropologique a permis d'identifier au mieux le caractère et les traits de personnalité des différents acteurs, et de voir de quelle manière ils ont pu influencer leur praxis de la guerre. Une analyse des rapports entre l'autorité politique et militaire a révélé une complexité plus relationnelle qu'institutionnelle et renvoyé à la question de l'obéissance et de la subordination de la première à la seconde. Pour certains généraux la légalité ne conduisait pas automatiquement à ...

Our thesis deals with the study of command we have confronted with different fields of analysis. An anthropological approach has allowed to identify the character and personality traits of the various actors and to see how they were able to influence their praxis of war. An analysis of the relationship between political and military authority revealed a more relational rather than institutional complexity and referred to the question of obedience and subordination from the first to the second. For some generals legality did not automatically lead to the expression of a sense of legitimacy towards its holder. An analysis of the relations between the generals showed that this war was not fought exclusively on the battlefields, but also outside. On both sides there were conspiratorial occurrences led by generals who wished to have their superior removed. The volume of dissensions, rivalries, and jealousies that have passed through the commands have given the feeling that a real internal war was taking place within them. This phenomenon was aggravated in the early months of the conflict by an appointment system that favoured friendships and political considerations over intrinsic skills. The style of operational command varied according to exogenous elements. The main ones are what Clausewitz called the phenomena of "friction" and "fog", powerful factors of uncertainty, and consubstantial and irreducible elements of war ; Notre thèse porte sur l'étude du commandement que nous avons confronté à différents champs d'analyse. Une approche anthropologique a permis d'identifier au mieux le caractère et les traits de personnalité des différents acteurs, et de voir de quelle manière ils ont pu influencer leur praxis de la guerre. Une analyse des rapports entre l'autorité politique et militaire a révélé une complexité plus relationnelle qu'institutionnelle et renvoyé à la question de l'obéissance et de la subordination de la première à la seconde. Pour certains généraux la légalité ne conduisait pas automatiquement à ...

En estas breves páginas me propongorecapitular, a modo de ensayo, las principalesdimensiones militares de la Guerra Civil quetuvo lugar en los EEUU entre 1861 y 1865.Casi todos los elementos que componen elescrito provienen de una porción de la vastabibliografía sobre esta conflagración queexiste en inglés, y que sólo una pequeñaparte circula en castellano. Esos trabajosserán señalados en el apartado final, con laintención de brindar herramientas para elestudio de esta guerra.En principio, la cuestión más importantepara el análisis de cualquier choque militar es determinar los objetivos políticos queanimaron a cada contendiente a empuñar lasarmas, porque permite vislumbrar ymensurar los esfuerzos realizados con losmedios disponibles.Esto quiere decir que, en segundo lugar, esnecesario considerar los medios materiales ysociales de los enemigos. Si la tecnología y lalogística son importantes, los elementos de laconciencia social, la voluntad de lucha y lapericia para el combate también sonfundamentales.En tercer término, habrá que prestaratención a las características de loscombates, puesto que en el campo de batallano se encuentran humanos despojados de lahistoria, sino sujetos sociales con lascondiciones materiales de su propia sociedady su tiempo. La disciplina, el valor, lasactividades que los soldados desarrollanpara batir a sus enemigos y para sobrevivirno pueden comprenderse sin conoceralgunas de las características del grupo socialque integran esas mismas personas. ; Fil: Millán, Mariano Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana ; Argentina

Introduction. The Civil War in the United States (1861–1865) has been of considerable interest to historians, lawyers, economists, and political scientists for more than 150 years. The internal political struggle that broke out in the middle of the 19th century between the two regions of the young democratic state seems to be a valuable object of research. However, scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the "inevitable conflict", their transformation and rebirth depending on the historical period and the political situation are of even greater interest. This article attempts to summarize the main trends in the historiography of the causes of the Civil War in the United States, mainly in foreign historiography. Methods of research and materials. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and private scientific methods. The historical-legal, comparative method, as well as sociological, concrete-historical and systemic methods are used. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of mainly foreign historians, lawyers, political scientists and state historians. Analysis. Without denying the centrality of slavery among the causes of the Civil War, researchers identify religious, economic, political and social factors as the key determinants of the separatist movement in the South. A special place in American studies is occupied by the consideration of the role of African Americans in inciting conflict, the personality factor of A. Lincoln, as well as the influence of the abolitionist movement and journalists on the growing confrontation between the North and the South. At the same time, all directions, one way or another, boil down to the fact that it was slavery that was the fundamental cause of the Civil War. The peculiarities of the formation of each of the scientific directions were determined by the socio-economic and political conditions that took place in a particular historical period. Results. The periodization of scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the Civil War in the United States in the historical and legal literature can be carried out by dividing the research into three main periods: the "confrontational" (second half of the 19th century); the "socio-economic" (beginning – middle of the 20th century); the "industrial" (middle of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century). In the period from the beginning of the 21st century to the present, there is an obvious consensus on the central role of slavery among the determinants of war, but approaches to this problem in recent years have been characterized by interdisciplinarity, complexity, taking into account completely different sides of the conflict. Each of these areas has contributed to the formation of a holistic view of the causes of the Civil War, allowing us to realize the complex, multifaceted nature of the causes of the conflict and to reject two-dimensional approaches to their understanding. Key words: American Civil War, causes of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, slavery in the United States, the Missouri Compromise, abolitionists, history of the USA.