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Samuel Huntington proclaimed in an already well-known article ("Clash of Civilizations?") that deep incompatibilities between great civilizations will be the primary cause of future international conflicts. Conflicts will be cultural rather than economic or ideological. To test the validity of this claim, I analyse an international conflict which is truly cultural : the "Salman Rushdie Affair". This affair was provoked by the publication of Rushdie's novel, The Satanic Verses. By studying the motives of the actors in this event (the novelist Salman Rushdie, the imam Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini and the politician Margaret Thatcher), it seems at first sight that they were driven by political or financial interests. But a closer analysis shows that these actors were directed by cultural motivations. Does this prove that Huntington's thesis is right ? No, since even if the actors tried to defend a vision of their culture, there is no such a thing as monolithical civilizations but rather, there are only multicultural civilizations. Indeed, many people from the West refused to defend Rushdie, many Muslims condemned Khomeini's fatwa and Thatcher promoted only one aspect of Western political culture. Values are transnational and an Iranian may cherish the same values as an inhabitant of New York, while, on the other hand two Londonners living in the same flat dream about killing the other over the abortion issue.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of forming of the civilizational identity of Ukrainian citizens. On the example of Jewish identity, the author sheds light on different interpretations of such categories as "identity", "identification", "civilizational identity". The article reveals the essence of the cultural-historical approach to the problem of identity, analyzes the types of collective identity, examines the confessional and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity. The author analyzes different models of Jewish identity, the factors influencing the formation of these models, as well as the dynamics of changes of Jewish identity. The study deals with the philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of civilization identity as a new kind of human identity. The research proves that in the context of transition to a civilization of a new informational nature, not only the socio-cultural reality, but also the key properties of the human personality are transformed. The author considers the components or "bricks" of civilizational identity: attitude to religion, attitude to work, attitude to a state and power, attitude to family, attitude to the environment. The author analyzes the structure of Ukrainian identity. The Maidan conflict with Antimaidan is viewed through ethnic, denominational, linguistic, territorial, historical, geopolitical and value projections. The author argues that this conflict has an inter-civilizational nature. The article reveals the essence of conflicts, argues the position of conflict as an attribute of social being, traces its impact on the processes of social transformation. The causes and conditions of inter-civilizational conflict in the territory of Ukraine are analyzed. The paper compares two models of civilizational identity based on either European or Eurasian value system. The civilizational progress of Ukraine in the context of world modernization is analyzed. The article is not limited by the statement of the problem, it suggests a specific way to minimize the negative consequences of the modern crisis taking into account the changed social realities, can become one of the tools for the revival of the main European values in modern Ukrainian society.

Summary. The civilizational breakthrough that emerged from the recent events in Ukraine can not remain indifferent not only to domestic political scientists, sociologists, but also to social workers, because the social crisis deepened, and the territory of the state is being sent to rehabilitation centers for ATO members or refugee families. Today, citizens of Ukraine, as never before, feel themselves socially unprotected despite the entire activity of the system of social protection institutions. According to A. Toynbee, author of the theory of civilizations, Western European civilization was most comfortable for human life and its neighbors, as a dynamic market economy hinders the concentration of power and humanizes society, giving the person a political and spiritual freedom of choice. That is, the civilization crossroads are called the choice of the direction of development by the type of a certain civilization. It is clear that in light of recent events young people chose the Western European path of development. There is a civilizational dilemma: if the direction of development is chosen, why is society, the state as a whole still at the crossroads? Experts have several options for solving these problems. First of all, it is necessary to accept as an indisputable idea that the improvement of social life is a matter of time, during which it is necessary to create new tasks and to try to fulfill them for the country's rapid rise in economic, political and social plans. Secondly, efforts should be made to make people's lives comfortable even if they are elementary. Thirdly, start changing not from the government, but from itself. If everyone will be responsible to perform professional duties, self-realization as a personality and individuality, internal social stability is guaranteed to our state. Modern Ukraine is a country with great potential and human potential. On the one hand, it is difficult to live in a country that is in a state of constant formation, because it is not sure about its future. On the other hand, this is a real opportunity to create a state in which the majority wants to live. Therefore, the efforts of social workers should be aimed at stabilizing the current social status in the state through the search and implementation of minor but positive changes in the prevailing conditions. Then the issue of civilization crossroads will no longer be relevant to Ukraine. ; Цивілізаційне роздоріжжя, яке виникло за останніх подій в Україні, не може залишити байдужими не лише вітчизняних політологів, соціологів, а й соціальних працівників, адже поглибилася соціальна криза, та й територія держави помережана реабілітаційними центрами для учасників АТО чи сімей-біженців. Сьогодні громадяни України, як ніколи раніше, відчувають себе соціально незахищеними попри всю діяльність системи закладів соціального захисту населення. За А. Тойнбі, автором теорії цивілізацій, західноєвропейська цивілізація виявилася найбільш комфортною для життя людини та її сусідів, оскільки динамічна ринкова економіка заважає концентрації влади й гуманізує суспільство, надаючи людині політичної і духовної свободи вибору. Тобто цивілізаційним роздоріжжям називають вибір напряму розвитку за типом певної цивілізації. Зрозуміло, що у світлі останніх подій молодь обрала західноєвропейський шлях розвитку. Виникає цивілізаційна дилема: якщо напрям розвитку обрано, чому суспільство, держава в цілому ще знаходяться на роздоріжжі? Експерти пропонують декілька варіантів вирішення цих проблем. По-перше, потрібно прийняти як беззаперечну думку, що покращення суспільного життя – це питання часу, упродовж якого потрібно будувати нові завдання та намагатися виконувати їх для найшвидшого піднесення країни в економічному, політичному та соціальних планах. По-друге, слід докласти зусиль, щоб зробити життя людей комфортним хоча би в елементарних потребах. По-третє, розпочати зміни не з уряду, а із себе. Якщо кожен буде відповідально виконувати професійні обов'язки, самореалізовуватися як особистість й індивідуальність, внутрішня соціальна стабільність нашій державі гарантована. Сучасна Україна – це країна з великими можливостями і людським потенціалом. З однієї сторони, важко жити у країні, яка перебуває у стані постійного становлення, адже не впевнений у її майбутньому. З іншої, – це реальна можливість створити державу такою, у якій хоче жити більшість. Тому зусилля соціальних працівників мають бути скерованими на стабілізацію сучасного соціального стану в державі через пошук і реалізацію незначних, але позитивних змін за умов, що склалися. Тоді питання цивілізаційного роздоріжжя перестане бути актуальним для України.

The article is devoted to topical issues of securing the rights of the passenger under the legislation of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the transport legislation of Ukraine with that of the EU has led to the conclusion that not all passenger rights, which they rely on in the present civilizational context, are now legally enshrined. The extent of their provision is currently minimal. Oddly enough, the right to safety did not find its normative regulation either in the acts of transport and civil legislation, or in the Constitution of Ukraine. In the author's view, it must be at the forefront of such fundamental natural human rights as are relevant to human life and health. It should be the main criterion for the proper performance of the contract of carriage of passengers by the carrier. The author insists that the legislation of Ukraine should enshrine the rights of the passenger, which constitute not only the content of the design of the obligation to carry the passenger, but also personal non-property rights, the exercise of which is correlated with the manner of performance of the contract of carriage of the passenger, depending on the technical features of the operation of different modes of transport. as is the case under EU law. These include the right to security, to non-discrimination, to mobility, to accessibility, to assistance, to guarantees of protection, to compensation in case of violation, to the availability of protection, to the right to be heard, to the proper application of national law. These rights should receive regulatory support that formalizes a harmonious combination of legal, organizational, ideological, economic and social components. The legal regulation of certain legal guarantees, in particular the peculiarities of exercising the right of defense and the use of instruments of civil liability of the carrier for improper performance of contractual obligations and / or violation of the rights of passengers (penalties - compensation) can be applied differently by types of ...

Whether the Iranian banning of Salman Rushdie's "Satanic Verses" and British condemning of this action was a political or cultural conflict. Summary in English.

The article highlights existing approaches to the theoretical and methodological comprehension of the problems of researching the cultural heritage of European civilization. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main epistemological trends in the study of European civilization cultural heritage. The methodological basis of the article is a civilization analysis. The scientific novelty of the article is to systematize the conceptual achievements of various scientists who adhere to a civilization approach to the study of European cultural heritage. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, competition between the German-speaking and Slavic cultural areals intensified. M. Danilevsky in classical work «Russia and Europe» conceptualized the sociocultural differences between two European worlds. The author emphasized their equivalence in terms of historical development. The scientific approach of O. Shpengler is very original. He proved a pessimistic thesis on the decline of European culture, which is degenerate in civilization in the XX century, a civilization paradigm develops successfully. A. Toynbi, F. Brodel, I. Vallerstain expanded the theoretical and methodological principles of civilization research. These authors showed dialectics of mutual influences of global and local processes. Significant contribution to the methodology of comparative analysis of sociocultural values of civilization was made by the classic of sociological thought Max Weber. He developed a methodology and collected an interesting actual material for comparing the labor ethics of various world religions, which is still an urgent problem of historical social globalistics. The conclusions of the article state that in the early ХХІ century, the cultural legacy of European civilization became global. Not least this happened due to the long global domination of the British Empire. The Great Britain Exit from the European Union is not so much evidence of «Twilight Europe», as evidence of the Duality of the European Anglo-Saxon and ...