Suchergebnisse

With the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, its military, political and administrative settlement specifically in Kosova (1455), among other things, began the spread of Islamic-ottoman religion and culture. In order to spread the new faith rapidly, the need for building new religious objects, mosques grew. Çarshi Mosque (1389-1461) and Fatih Mosque (1461) in Prishtina and Bajrakli Mosque (1461/72) in Peja, are representations of some of the first buildings of the Islamic religion in ottoman style with local elements in Kosova. These sacral buildings and mosques were imperial endowments. Furthermore, these mosques are the first single-spaced objects covered with dome in Kosova. Unfortunately, little or no significance has been given to this heritage and very few researchers have taken upon themselves studying ottoman heritage in Kosova. The purpose of this paper is to study, document, protect and promote this heritage, as a part of the cultural diversity of Kosova, which belongs to world heritage as well.

With the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, its military, political and administrative settlement specifically in Kosova (1455), among other things, began the spread of Islamic-ottoman religion and culture. In order to spread the new faith rapidly, the need for building new religious objects, mosques grew. Çarshi Mosque (1389-1461) and Fatih Mosque (1461) in Prishtina and Bajrakli Mosque (1461/72) in Peja, are representations of some of the first buildings of the Islamic religion in ottoman style with local elements in Kosova. These sacral buildings and mosques were imperial endowments. Furthermore, these mosques are the first single-spaced objects covered with dome in Kosova. Unfortunately, little or no significance has been given to this heritage and very few researchers have taken upon themselves studying ottoman heritage in Kosova. The purpose of this paper is to study, document, protect and promote this heritage, as a part of the cultural diversity of Kosova, which belongs to world heritage as well.Keywords: Ottoman, architecture, mosque, typology, decorations, Kosova.

This paper argues that an evolutionary approach to policy-making, which emphasizes openness to change and political variety, is particularly compatible with the central tenets of classical liberalism. The chief reasons are that classical liberalism acknowledges the ubiquity of uncertainty, as well as heterogeneity in preferences and beliefs, and generally embraces gradual social and economic change that arises from accidental variation rather than deliberate, large-scale planning. In contrast, our arguments cast doubt on a different claim, namely that classical liberalism is particularly compatible with the evolutionary biological heritage of humans.

The dowry institution, since its most ancient practices, is an interesting testing ground of the relationship between husband and wife and, more generally, between man and woman. It attests the original foundation of the dowry heritage, along with the practice of dowry restitution, when the marriage ends. In Roman law two different dowry systems developed: the dos adventicia and the dos profecticia. In the classical age they both suffered important changes as compared with the archaic law. These changes entailed a progressive increasing of the dowry restitution to the wife and its subtraction from the husband's assets, in case of marriage dissolution. Even more favorable to women and to the recognition of their heritage dowry ownership was the legislation of the different Greek poleis, as showed by the law of Gortyn. ; In fact, a Modestino's passage, reported in D. 31.34.7, particularly shows the difference between Roman and Greek dowry systems. It testifies that, in provincial law, the woman's legal position was granted favors, in case of wife's premature death. At the same time, it discloses the novelty of the 3rd Century AD Roman jurist's interpretation. That is, Modestino resolutely accepts to solve a ictu oculi case, whose principles were different from those he normally applied, and he accepts its outcomes too, although in stark contrast to the established civil Roman practice. So, the woman civil status improves, as wives are acknowledged free and leading patrimonial subjectivity

We propose here to examine the processes of metropolisation and how it is influencing the concepts of city and the consequent concept of urban heritage. The practices of Western Cities define what we mean by urban heritage today. Both the question of spatiality, as well as the city's relationship with the surrounding territory and its specificity compared to the countryside were important for the emergence of urban institutions and architectural, politics, religious, cultural, military and housing shapes that composed them. The urban organization itself sets the historical epochs of the city, since the ruins of classical antiquity until the industrial revolution and modern urbanism, including the medieval times. The whole urban web is often seen as a feature of its own, which defines a cultural identity. Therefore, many cities, due to their history and "urban identity" were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Sites, as is the case of the city of Porto and Guimarães, right next to us. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The Meccan prison of 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr and the imprisonment of Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya / Sean W. Anthony -- Fragments of three Umayyad official documents / Fred M. Donner -- Single isnads or riwayas quoted books in Ibn 'Asakir's tarjama of Tamim al-dari / Jens Scheiner -- Friendship in the service of governance: makarim al-akhlaq in Abbasid political culture / Paul l. Heck -- Prinzen, Prinzessinnen, Konkubinen und Eunuchen am fatimidischen Hof / Heinz Halm -- A new Latin-Arabic document from Norman Sicily (November 595 h/1198 -- Ce) / Nadia Jamil and Jeremy Johns -- Religion, law, and Islamic thought: The rhetorical Qur'an or orality as a theologumenon / Angelika Neuwirth -- The "shearing of forelocks" as a penitential rite / Marion Holmes Katz -- Authority in Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's Kitab al-nawadir wa-l-ziyadat: 'Ala ma fi l-mudawwana min ghayriha min al-ummahat: the case of "the Chapter of judgments" (kitab al-aqdiya) / Mohammad Fadel -- A segment of the genealogy of sunni hadith criticism: the mysterious relationship between al-Khatib al-Baghdadi and al-Hakim al-Naysaburi / Jonathan Brown -- Al-hakim al-Naysaburi and the companions of the Prophet: an original Sunni voice in the Shi'i century / Scott C. Lucas -- Ibn Rushd and Thomas Aquinas on education / Sebastian Gunther -- Teaching the learned: Jalal al-Din al-Dawani's ijaza to mu'ayyadzada : 'Abd al-Rahman Efendi and the circulation of knowledge between Fars and the Ottoman empire at the turn of the sixteenth century / Judith Pfeiffer -- Scholars in networks: 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi and his travels / John O. Voll -- Rhetorics of revival: al-Ghazali and his modern heirs / Kenneth Garden -- Language, literature, and heritage -- Grammarians on the af'al al-muqaraba: steps in the sources towards a subdivision of operants / Ramzi Baalbaki -- Reflections on the lives and deaths of two Umayyad poets: Layla al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Humayyir / Aram A. Shahin -- Literature and thought: re-reading al-Tawhidi's transcription of the debate between logic and grammar / Wen-chin Ouyang -- The play of genre: a maqama of "ease after hardship" from the eighth/fourteenth century and its literary context / Maurice A. Pomerantz -- What's in a Mamluk picture? the hall of portraiture at the cairo Citadel remembered / Guo -- In defense of the use of Qur'an in adab: Ibn Abi l-Lutf's raf' al-iltibas 'an munkir al-iqtibas / Bilal Orfali -- Modes of existence of the poetry in the Arabian Nights / Wolfhart Heinrichs -- Modern Arabic literature and Islam / Stefan Wild -- Abraham and the sacrificial son: transtextual strategies in Jose Saramago's the gospel according to Jesus Christ and Elias Khoury's As though she were sleeping / Maher Jarrar -- The ideological and epistemological: contemporary readings in Arabo-Islamic classical heritage (turath) / Ridwan al-Sayyid (translated by Eman Morsi) ; edited by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; The Meccan prison of 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr and the imprisonment of Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya ; Single isnads or riwayas quoted books in Ibn 'Asakir's tarjama of Tamim al-dari ; Friendship in the service of governance: makarim al-akhlaq in Abbasid political culture ; Prinzen, Prinzessinnen, Konkubinen und Eunuchen am fatimidischen Hof ; A new Latin-Arabic document from Norman Sicily (November 595 h/1198 ; Ce) ; Religion, law, and Islamic thought: The rhetorical Qur'an or orality as a theologumenon ; The "shearing of forelocks" as a penitential rite ; Authority in Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's Kitab al-nawadir wa-l-ziyadat: 'Ala ma fi l-mudawwana min ghayriha min al-ummahat: the case of "the Chapter of judgments" (kitab al-aqdiya) ; A segment of the genealogy of sunni hadith criticism: the mysterious relationship between al-Khatib al-Baghdadi and al-Hakim al-Naysaburi ; Al-hakim al-Naysaburi and the companions of the Prophet: an original Sunni voice in the Shi'i century ; Ibn Rushd and Thomas Aquinas on education ; Teaching the learned: Jalal al-Din al-Dawani's ijaza to mu'ayyadzada : 'Abd al-Rahman Efendi and the circulation of knowledge between Fars and the Ottoman empire at the turn of the sixteenth century ; Scholars in networks: 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi and his travels ; Rhetorics of revival: al-Ghazali and his modern heirs ; Language, literature, and heritage ; Grammarians on the af'al al-muqaraba: steps in the sources towards a subdivision of operants ; Reflections on the lives and deaths of two Umayyad poets: Layla al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Humayyir ; Literature and thought: re-reading al-Tawhidi's transcription of the debate between logic and grammar ; The play of genre: a maqama of "ease after hardship" from the eighth/fourteenth century and its literary context ; What's in a Mamluk picture? the hall of portraiture at the cairo Citadel remembered ; In defense of the use of Qur'an in adab: Ibn Abi l-Lutf's raf' al-iltibas 'an munkir al-iqtibas ; Modes of existence of the poetry in the Arabian Nights ; Modern Arabic literature and Islam ; Abraham and the sacrificial son: transtextual strategies in Jose Saramago's the gospel according to Jesus Christ and Elias Khoury's As though she were sleeping ; The ideological and epistemological: contemporary readings in Arabo-Islamic classical heritage (turath)

The dowry institution, since its most ancient practices, is an interesting testing ground of the relationship between husband and wife and, more generally, between man and woman. It attests the original foundation of the dowry heritage, along with the practice of dowry restitution, when the marriage ends. In Roman law two different dowry systems developed: the dos adventicia and the dos profecticia. In the classical age they both suffered important changes as compared with the archaic law. These changes entailed a progressive increasing of the dowry restitution to the wife and its subtraction from the husband's assets, in case of marriage dissolution. Even more favorable to women and to the recognition of their heritage dowry ownership was the legislation of the different Greek poleis, as showed by the law of Gortyn. In fact, a Modestino's passage, reported in D. 31.34.7, particularly shows the difference between Roman and Greek dowry systems. It testifies that, in provincial law, the woman's legal position was granted favors, in case of wife's premature death. At the same time, it discloses the novelty of the 3rd Century AD Roman jurist's interpretation. That is, Modestino resolutely accepts to solve a ictu oculi case, whose principles were different from those he normally applied, and he accepts its outcomes too, although in stark contrast to the established civil Roman practice. So, the woman civil status improves, as wives are acknowledged free and leading patrimonial subjectivity.

The article will analyze the principal problems concerning research on the cultural heritage of displaced communities in Europe from the perspective of the Vlach minority. Based on the field research conducted in several countries of Europe (e.g. Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland), I will present the main classification of the Vlach tangible heritage with special attention paid to the most important cultural monuments, including religious building developments (churches, icons, small religious architecture). I will portray the difficulties found in protecting this heritage and the role of cultural institutions in its preservation and exposition. It can be stated that the example of the Vlachs perfectly illustrates the complex processes related to cultures which were overwhelmingly subjugated by their neighbours and lost the fight. A neighbour, usually representing the culture of the majority, was stronger culturally, economically, politically and often militarily. The article focuses on the phenomena which classical anthropology used to inspect, claiming that its role is to protect what is fading into oblivion. Thus, the analysis of the Vlach culture presented herein refers to a much wider reflection, which is a synergy of ethnography, ethnology and cultural anthropology, and to the critical studies on heritage which are emerging in Poland. ; The article will analyze the principal problems concerning research on the cultural heritage of displaced communities in Europe from the perspective of the Vlach minority. Based on the field research conducted in several countries of Europe (e.g. Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland), I will present the main classification of the Vlach tangible heritage with special attention paid to the most important cultural monuments, including religious building developments (churches, icons, small religious architecture). I will portray the difficulties found in protecting this heritage and the role of cultural institutions in its preservation and exposition. It can be stated that the example of the Vlachs perfectly illustrates the complex processes related to cultures which were overwhelmingly subjugated by their neighbours and lost the fight. A neighbour, usually representing the culture of the majority, was stronger culturally, economically, politically and often militarily. The article focuses on the phenomena which classical anthropology used to inspect, claiming that its role is to protect what is fading into oblivion. Thus, the analysis of the Vlach culture presented herein refers to a much wider reflection, which is a synergy of ethnography, ethnology and cultural anthropology, and to the critical studies on heritage which are emerging in Poland.

The article highlights existing approaches to the theoretical and methodological comprehension of the problems of researching the cultural heritage of European civilization. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main epistemological trends in the study of European civilization cultural heritage. The methodological basis of the article is a civilization analysis. The scientific novelty of the article is to systematize the conceptual achievements of various scientists who adhere to a civilization approach to the study of European cultural heritage. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, competition between the German-speaking and Slavic cultural areals intensified. M. Danilevsky in classical work «Russia and Europe» conceptualized the sociocultural differences between two European worlds. The author emphasized their equivalence in terms of historical development. The scientific approach of O. Shpengler is very original. He proved a pessimistic thesis on the decline of European culture, which is degenerate in civilization in the XX century, a civilization paradigm develops successfully. A. Toynbi, F. Brodel, I. Vallerstain expanded the theoretical and methodological principles of civilization research. These authors showed dialectics of mutual influences of global and local processes. Significant contribution to the methodology of comparative analysis of sociocultural values of civilization was made by the classic of sociological thought Max Weber. He developed a methodology and collected an interesting actual material for comparing the labor ethics of various world religions, which is still an urgent problem of historical social globalistics. The conclusions of the article state that in the early ХХІ century, the cultural legacy of European civilization became global. Not least this happened due to the long global domination of the British Empire. The Great Britain Exit from the European Union is not so much evidence of «Twilight Europe», as evidence of the Duality of the European Anglo-Saxon and ...

Gunilla Florby's essay situates George Chapman's two-part play The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles Duke of Byron at the intersection between topical reference and classical intertext. In particular, Florby investigates the transformation of Seneca's Oedipus into an eloquent debate with a bearing on current political events such as the Essex conspiracy. By exploring the double take in this double play, Florby is able to sound the text's "dynamic interaction of positions and ideologies"—something which lies at the heart of Chapman's obsessive exploration of the classical heritage that informed his writing.

Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.

Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.

This chapter provides a discussion of Martin Bernal's third volume of Black Athena, published in 2006, with a view toward Bernal's continued relevance in a changing social, political, and intellectual landscape. Previous criticisms of Bernal's work to the contrary notwithstanding, I argue that Bernal examples the scholarly methods for historical inquiries about the past, particularly as they concern cultural heritage and cultural appropriation. The case of an African Apollo might resonate to those interested in African heritage, and even in a postcolonial context where hybridity trumps "origins," the study of Apollo's African analogs leads us down many productive paths. The chapter examines Bernal's arguments for an African "origin" of Apollo, like a "Black Athena," and the attendant sociocultural and scholarly problems associated with such a claim.

This article examines the British Museum's imperialist attitudes towards classical heritage. Despite considerable pressure from foreign governments, the museum has consistently refused to return art and antiquities that it acquired under the aegis of empire. It is the contention of this article that the British Museum remains an imperialist institution. The current debates over the British Museum's collections raise profound questions about the relationship between museums and modern nation states and their nationalist claims to ancient heritage. The museum's inflexible response to repatriation claims also encapsulates the challenges inherent in presenting empire and its legacy to contemporary, post-imperial audiences.

The article aims to analyse the reception of classical antiquity and of the ancient religions in a comic by Luca Enoch: Gea. Originally published by Sergio Bonelli Editore in the late 1990s, Gea is an unicumfor the Bonellian standards starting from its editorial format and its narrative structure. But the real touch of originality can be identified in its main themes, which are unusual for a "popular comic" – sexuality, social problems, political matters, etc. – and in the way how the Author uses the classical heritage and the ancient religions in two different modes. The former is presented in a traditional and stereotypical way while the latter are strongly reinterpreted. So the purpose of this paper is to understand the reasons for this different use of the past.