El fin que debe alcanzar cualquier proyecto de desarrollo, es el mejorar de un modo sustentable el bienestar humano y el equilibrio ambiental, es decir, producir un avance significativo en el desarrollo humano, sobre una base que sea viable económica, equitativa y ambientalmente sustentable. Si la realidad evidencia que efectivamente esto no ocurre, construir otras opciones se constituye en el horizonte ético, político y económico viable, lo que excluye a las grandes represas como lo corrobora el caso: "Crisis de Hidroituango".
El suministro energético ha sido uno de los grandes retos de los últimos gobiernos colombianos, a esto se le suma la crisis energética del país causada por los altos costos de este servicio y sus fallas constantes en algunas regiones, como por ejemplo en la región Caribe donde se tiene el caso de la vereda Las Nubes la cual no cuenta con un servicio de energía constante que le permita desarrollar actividades de subsistencia lo que restringe el crecimiento económico y social. Siendo así, se tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo de negocio que busque la sostenibilidad para un proyecto de inversión social que permita solucionar la problemática planteada, considerando las partes involucradas. Para esto, se evaluó un sistema de autogeneración a gran escala de energía fotovoltaica interconectado a la red con el fin de brindar un flujo energético estable a la vereda y producir excedentes que puedan ser intercambiados por créditos energéticos. Para lograr lo anterior, se evaluó y se optimizó a un horizonte de 10 años el flujo financiero, basado en la proyección del consumo energético de la comunidad para este período. Además, fue necesario conocer los costos y la producción de energía de la granja planteada, para luego conocer los excedentes de energía que produce el modelo. Posteriormente, se planteó el flujo de caja que incluye elementos como deducciones tributarias, la venta de excedentes a la red y todos los costos de inversión. Como resultado, se obtuvieron flujos de caja negativos debido a varios factores, tales como: el límite de autogeneración permitido, los altos costos de mantenimiento y los costos de importación de energía, que partir a del primer año aumentan simultáneamente con el consumo de la comunidad. Finalmente, se tuvieron en cuenta todos estos factores para proponer una ruta a seguir en el análisis de viabilidad de futuros proyectos de este tipo. ; Energy supply has been one of the greatest challenges of the last Colombian governments. In addition, the country's energy crisis caused by the high costs of this service and its constant failures in some regions, such as the Caribbean region where there is the case of the Las Nubes village, which does not have a constant energy service that allows it to carry out subsistence activities, which restricts economic and social growth. Thus, the objective is to design a business model that seeks sustainability for a social investment energy project considering the stakeholders. For this, a large-scale self-generation system of photovoltaic energy interconnected to the grid was evaluated to provide a stable energy flow and produce surpluses that can be exchanged for energy credits. To achieve this, the financial flow was evaluated and optimized over a 10-year horizon, based on the community's energy consumption projected for this period. Also, it was necessary to know the costs and energy production of the proposed farm, and then to know the surplus energy produced by the model. Subsequently, the cash flow was raised, which includes elements such as tax deductions, the sale of surpluses to the network and all investment costs. As a result, negative cash flows were obtained due to several factors, such as: the allowed self-generation limit, high maintenance costs, and energy import costs, which from the first year increase simultaneously with community consumption. Finally, all these factors were considered to propose a route to follow in the feasibility analysis of future projects of this type.
En este informe se abordan dos desafíos decisivos para el siglo XXI: lograr la sostenibilidad ambiental y hacer realidad la visión del trabajo decente para todos. En él se pone de manifiesto que ambos desafíos no sólo son urgentes, sino que están íntimamente relacionados y deberán abordarse de manera simultánea
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
The "end" that any development project must achieve is to sustainably improve human well-being and environmental balance, that is to say, to produce significant progress in human development, on a basis that is economically viable, equitable and environmentally sustainable. If reality shows that this does not actually happen, building other options is on the viable ethical, political and economic horizon, which excludes large dams as corroborated by the Hidroituango case. ; El fin que debe alcanzar cualquier proyecto de desarrollo, es el mejorar de un modo sustentable el bienestar humano y el equilibrio ambiental, es decir, producir un avance significativo en el desarrollo humano, sobre una base que sea viable económica, equitativa y ambientalmente sustentable. Si la realidad evidencia que efectivamente esto no ocurre, construir otras opciones se constituye en el horizonte ético, político y económico viable, lo que excluye a las grandes represas como lo corrobora el caso: "Crisis de Hidroituango."
The article substantiates the need for the Government of Ukraine to form a state policy for the development of multimodal transportation by clean and energy efficient vehicles, which will accelerate Ukraine's integration into the European and world space. The main strategic priorities for the development of multimodal transport, provided by the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, are studied and its gaps are emphasized. The state policies of the developed countries concerning popularization of multimodal freight transportations by electric cars are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. During the study, the following methods were used: comparative analysis, strategic analysis, - GAP-analysis, abstract-logical. It is substantiated that the formation of the balanced state policy for the development of clean and energy efficient multimodal transportation should be carried out with a presize definition of the stage and sequence of actions, ie in accordance with a guide for the state policy formation. The present paper is dedicated to the development of the guide. The author's guide is aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring the interests of present and future generations in a favorable environmentally friendly living conditions.
It is very important scientific interest in developing new technologies for the conversion of renewable resources in sustainable energy, chemicals and biomaterials, as it involves environmental, political, and economic issues related to dependence that society has for the use of petroleum feedstock. The oil has other uses as raw material for about 95% of the carbon-containing chemicals used in our society. Under this, the interest in the study of furan components is to check viability of production, preparation and application thereof. One (enzymatic and chemical) hybrid-chemical route sucro area for the production of 2,5-dimetilfurano (DMF) as bicomponent clean renewable energy is presented in this research to improve the octane biofuel Talara Refinery - PETROPERÚ SA using biomass as feedstock. Compared to ethanol, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has a higher energy density (more than 40%), a boiling point higher (20 ° C above), and is not soluble in water. The developed technology creates a new route to transform native abundant renewable biomass resources in a convenient liquid biofuels for the transport sector, and may reduce the need for oil and fossil fuels. It also estimates the conversion of different lignocellulosic wastes in DMF, highlighting the bagasse as main attraction for the production of 0,119 L of DMF / kg of dry bagasse, with the Department of Piura a key development area. ; Es de mucha importancia el interés científico en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para la conversión de recursos renovables en energía sustentable, productos químicos y biomateriales, ya que envuelve cuestiones ambientales, políticas, y económicas asociadas a la dependencia que la sociedad tiene por el uso del petróleo como materia prima. El petróleo tiene además otros usos como materia prima de aproximadamente 95% de los productos químicos que contienen carbono usados en nuestra sociedad. En virtud de esto, el interés en el estudio de los componentes furánicos es verificar su viabilidad de producción, preparación y aplicación de los mismos. En esta investigación se presenta una ruta híbrida (enzimática y química) del área sucro-química, para la producción de 2,5-Dimetilfurano (DMF), como biocomponente energético renovable limpio para mejorar el octanaje de los biocombustibles de Refinería Talara – PETROPERU S.A., usando como materia prima la biomasa. Comparado con el etanol, el 2,5-Dimetilfurano (DMF) tiene una densidad energética más alta (de 40% más), un punto de ebullición más alto (20ºC encima), y no es soluble en el agua. La tecnología desarrollada crea una nueva ruta para transformar recursos renovables abundantes oriundos de la biomasa en un biocombustible líquido conveniente para el sector de transporte, pudiendo así disminuir la necesidad en petróleo y combustibles de origen fósil. Se estima también la conversión de diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos en DMF, destacando el bagazo de caña como principal atractivo para la producción de 0,119L de DMF/kg de bagazo seco, siendo el Dpto. de Piura una localidad clave para el desarrollo.
The Ecuadorian Government has been proposed to introduce in a massive scale in the national market, the use of Induction Stoves as a replacement of the LPG Stove (liquefied Petroleum Gas). Nevertheless, when choosing the induction stove, by the citizens, in addition to economic factors other factors could be taken into consideration, but they could fall into subjectivism. In other words, multiple criteria should be also considered. This article contributes with a method of support that suggests the user a possible best option, taking into account qualitative and quantitative criteria as well. Possible scenarios are also analyzed and also their impact in the final decision. ; El gobierno ecuatoriano se ha propuesto introducir de forma masiva en el mercado nacional, el uso de las cocinas de inducción, ello en reemplazo de la cocina GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo). Sin embargo en la elección de la cocina de inducción o GLP, por parte del ciudadano, además de los factores económicos intervienen también criterios o factores que caen dentro de la subjetividad; Es decir intervienen múltiples criterios. El presente artículo aporta con un método de apoyo que sugiere al usuario una posible mejor opción, teniendo en cuenta criterios tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Además se analizan posibles escenarios y su impacto en la decisión final.
The economic model based on the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly oil, historically has fostered a growth of civilization, but it has not taken into account the consequences for the environment, now beginning to be analyzed due to the different impacts observed. It is necessary a clean energy production worldwide. In the current economic crisis, especially in southern Europe, one of the challenges of change is the energy model, both to improve environmental impacts and to improve the balance of payments, without losing competitiveness. The first conditions that must have the new energy model 2 promoted by the European Union (EU) are the savings, efficiency and clean energy production, discussed in this article. Renewable energies are inexhaustible and widely distributed. Its use in a higher percentage than today, will impact less on the environment, improve the balance of payments, and create new jobs. ; Postprint (published version)
The economic model based on the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly oil, historically has fostered a growth of civilization, but it has not taken into account the consequences for the environment, now beginning to be analyzed due to the different impacts observed. It is necessary a clean energy production worldwide. In the current economic crisis, especially in southern Europe, one of the challenges of change is the energy model, both to improve environmental impacts and to improve the balance of payments, without losing competitiveness. The first conditions that must have the new energy model 2 promoted by the European Union (EU) are the savings, efficiency and clean energy production, discussed in this article. Renewable energies are inexhaustible and widely distributed. Its use in a higher percentage than today, will impact less on the environment, improve the balance of payments, and create new jobs. ; Postprint (published version)
El gobierno ecuatoriano se ha propuesto introducir de forma masiva en el mercado nacional, el uso de las cocinas de inducción, ello en reemplazo de la cocina GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo). Sin embargo en la elección de la cocina de inducción o GLP, por parte del ciudadano, además de los factores económicos intervienen también criterios o factores que caen dentro de la subjetividad; Es decir intervienen múltiples criterios. El presente artículo aporta con un método de apoyo que sugiere al usuario una posible mejor opción, teniendo en cuenta criterios tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Además se analizan posibles escenarios y su impacto en la decisión final. ; The Ecuadorian Government has been proposed to introduce in a massive scale in the national market, the use of Induction Stoves as a replacement of the LPG Stove (liquefied Petroleum Gas). Nevertheless, when choosing the induction stove, by the citizens, in addition to economic factors other factors could be taken into consideration, but they could fall into subjectivism. In other words, multiple criteria should be also considered. This article contributes with a method of support that suggests the user a possible best option, taking into account qualitative and quantitative criteria as well. Possible scenarios are also analyzed and also their impact in the final decision.
El gobierno ecuatoriano se ha propuesto introducir de forma masiva en el mercado nacional, el uso de las cocinas de inducción, ello en reemplazo de la cocina GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo). Sin embargo en la elección de la cocina de inducción o GLP, por parte del ciudadano, además de los factores económicos intervienen también criterios o factores que caen dentro de la subjetividad; Es decir intervienen múltiples criterios. El presente artículo aporta con un método de apoyo que sugiere al usuario una posible mejor opción, teniendo en cuenta criterios tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Además se analizan posibles escenarios y su impacto en la decisión final. ; The Ecuadorian Government has been proposed to introduce in a massive scale in the national market, the use of Induction Stoves as a replacement of the LPG Stove (liquefied Petroleum Gas). Nevertheless, when choosing the induction stove, by the citizens, in addition to economic factors other factors could be taken into consideration, but they could fall into subjectivism. In other words, multiple criteria should be also considered. This article contributes with a method of support that suggests the user a possible best option, taking into account qualitative and quantitative criteria as well. Possible scenarios are also analyzed and also their impact in the final decision.
Energy efficiency improvements in the development of new aircraft, Aernnova in Cleansky 2. This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 807097. The JU receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
Projects approved as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have been the subject of numerous studies and questions since their global implementation in 2005. By the end of 2019, the Hidrosogamoso project achieved this endorsement despite the opposition presented by a group of those affected by this hydropower plant and the contravention of a series of social and environmental principles required in the process. This article proposes a reading of the case, in conjunction with the review of the policies and regulations that promote the construction of large dams as "clean energy", including the technical aspects associated with the quantification of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. ; Los proyectos aprobados como Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) han sido objeto de numerosos estudios y cuestionamientos desde su implementación global en el año 2005. A finales de 2019, el proyecto Hidrosogamoso consiguió dicho aval pese a la oposición presentada por un grupo de afectados por la hidroeléctrica y a contravenir una serie de principios sociales y ambientales exigidos en el proceso. El presente artículo propone una lectura del caso en articulación con la revisión de las políticas y regulaciones que promueven la construcción de grandes represas como "energía limpia", incluyendo los aspectos técnicos asociados a la cuantificación de emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI).
Waste generation and management are closed linked to population, urbanization and affluence. The waste production per capita rises as a result of many factors such as migration to urban centers, population growth, change in the habits of consume, etc. The energetic potential contained in the Urban Solid Waste has gained importance in the last years; mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism try to provide the right tools to encourage the inversion in projects that mean Greenhouse Gasses emissions reduction, and also to become valuable tools for the sustainable development of developing countries in cooperation with developed countries. The energetic security also, is becoming one of the main challenges of Chile. The country imports almost three quarters of its energetic consume, which places the country in a vulnerable situation due to the volatility of the energy prices and interruptions in the supply chains. In order to promote the diversification of the energetic matrix and achieving a higher autonomy grade Chilean government has promoted the Non Conventional Renewable Energy. The main purpose of the investigation was to set a base to understand the actual conditions of the landfills located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, as sources of landfill gas as a fuel. It also explored the different use possibilities for the gas, and the Clean Development Mechanism as auxiliary financing tool. The study attempted to become a useful tool which promotes the renewable energy sources and the improvement of the waste management conditions in Latin America.
Waste generation and management are closed linked to population, urbanization and affluence. The waste production per capita rises as a result of many factors such as migration to urban centers, population growth, change in the habits of consume, etc. The energetic potential contained in the Urban Solid Waste has gained importance in the last years; mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism try to provide the right tools to encourage the inversion in projects that mean Greenhouse Gasses emissions reduction, and also to become valuable tools for the sustainable development of developing countries in cooperation with developed countries. The energetic security also, is becoming one of the main challenges of Chile. The country imports almost three quarters of its energetic consume, which places the country in a vulnerable situation due to the volatility of the energy prices and interruptions in the supply chains. In order to promote the diversification of the energetic matrix and achieving a higher autonomy grade Chilean government has promoted the Non Conventional Renewable Energy. The main purpose of the investigation was to set a base to understand the actual conditions of the landfills located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, as sources of landfill gas as a fuel. It also explored the different use possibilities for the gas, and the Clean Development Mechanism as auxiliary financing tool. The study attempted to become a useful tool which promotes the renewable energy sources and the improvement of the waste management conditions in Latin America.
