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The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.

Ming, Sze Chai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. ; ABSTRACT ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ; TABLE OF CONTENTS ; LIST OF FIGURES ; LIST OF TABLES ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ; Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research Area --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 ; Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AFTER 1979 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Development before 1978 --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Two Fundamental Issues of Urban Transformation in China --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Major Transformation in the Post-Reform China --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Emergence of the Market --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Decentralization --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Globalization --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- A New Form of Government Behaviour: Growth Coalitions --- p.16 ; Chapter 2.3.5 --- Interaction between Central and Local Government --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.3.6 --- Interaction among Local Governments --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.7 --- Changes in the Social-Cultural Environment --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Previous Studies on Kunshan --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 ; Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN ; Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework: System Approach --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Components and Operation of a System --- p.34 ; Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Inputs --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Processes --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Outputs --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Feedback --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework and Design --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Documentary and Data Analysis --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interviews --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.4 --- Fieldwork --- p.43 ...

Ng King Sau. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-147). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.iii ; 論文摘要 --- p.iv ; Acknowledgements --- p.v-vi ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1-3 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.3-5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.5-7 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the Research --- p.7-9 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review ; Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Civil Society --- p.10-16 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Idea of Global Civil Society --- p.16-19 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Development of Chinese Civil Society --- p.19-23 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Development of Global Civil Society in China --- p.23-26 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Analytical Framework and Methodology ; Chapter 3.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis --- p.21-29 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Organizational Level of Analysis --- p.29-33 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Individual Level of Analysis --- p.33-34 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Definition of Culture --- p.34-40 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Methodology --- p.40-45 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Global Civil Society: The case of Greenpeace ; Chapter 4.1. --- A History of Greenpeace --- p.46-47 ; Chapter 4.2. --- The Mission of Greenpeace --- p.47 ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Resources of Greenpeace --- p.48-49 ; Chapter 4.4. --- Organizational Structure of Greenpeace: a M-form organization --- p.49-52 ; Chapter 4.5. --- Global Strategy of Greenpeace --- p.52-56 ; Chapter 4.6 --- Background of Establishment of China Office --- p.56-57 ; Chapter 4.7 --- Greenpeace China I: An Introduction to the Hong Kong Unit --- p.57-58 ; Chapter 4.8 --- Greenpeace China II: An Introduction to the Beijing Unit --- p.58-60 ; Chapter 4.9 --- Greenpeace China III: An Introduction to the Guangzhou Unit --- p.60-62 ; Chapter 4.10 --- Conclusion --- p.62-63 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Guangzhou Unit: Process and Mechanisms of Cultural Diffusion ; Chapter 5.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis: An Introduction of Guangzhou --- ...

Yick, Man Kin. ; "August 2011." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves [193]-212). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix includes Chinese. ; Abstract in English --- p.iii ; Abstract in Chinese --- p.v ; Acknowledgement --- p.vii ; Contents --- p.x ; Abbreviations --- p.xiii ; "Lists of Tables, figures and graph" --- p.xv ; Chapter Section 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Purpose of the study --- p.4 ; Chapter Section 2 --- Historical development of social welfare sector and YWCA --- p.5 ; Conceptualizing NGOs --- p.5 ; Early colonial period to WWII: Formation of charity organization under minimal welfare provision of the government --- p.7 ; Post-WWII to 1960s: Government in need of SSOs for relief work and against communism --- p.9 ; 1960s to 1990s: Expansion of social welfare and state incorporation of SSOs --- p.10 ; From the 1990s: Towards a contractual relationship between SSOs and government in uncertain times --- p.12 ; YWCA has followed the footsteps of social service sector --- p.16 ; Chapter Section 3 --- Conceptualizing legitimacy repair --- p.18 ; Why legitimacy? --- p.18 ; Conceptualizing and defining legitimacy --- p.20 ; Typology of legitimacy --- p.22 ; Measurements of legitimacy --- p.25 ; Legitimacy repair --- p.25 ; Stakeholder and stakeholder politics --- p.28 ; Chapter Section 4 --- Analytical framework --- p.32 ; Determinants of degree of consistency of legitimacy repair strategies --- p.32 ; Chapter Section 5 --- Methodology --- p.35 ; A longitudinal single case study --- p.35 ; A qualitative research --- p.36 ; Why TO YWCA? --- p.36 ; Research method --- p.37 ; Field roles and field relations --- p.39 ; Informant selection --- p.40 ; A note on the role of media --- p.41 ; Ethical issues in this study --- p.42 ; Chapter Section 6 --- The setting: Tai 0 --- p.43 ; The administrative-political setting --- p.48 ; Local associations in Tai O --- p.51 ; Chapter Section 7 --- Legitimacy challenge on YWCA during 1988 District ...

Yu Hongyuan. ; "January 2004." ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Wynstan, H.K. Cheuk. ; Thesis submitted in: Dec., 1997. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-65). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Chapter I. --- ABSTRACT --- p.i ; Chapter II. --- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iii ; Chapter III. --- TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv ; Chapter IV. --- LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii ; Chapter V. --- LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix ; Chapter VI. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter VII. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.3 ; Chapter A. --- Cordyceps militaris infection --- p.3 ; Chapter B. --- The diagnostic criteria for C. militaris infection --- p.3 ; Chapter 1. --- Telemorphic stage of C. militaris --- p.4 ; Chapter 2. --- Anamorphic stage of C. militaris --- p.4 ; Chapter C. --- The natural occurrence of C. militaris infection --- p.5 ; Chapter D. --- The epizootiology of C. militaris infection --- p.5 ; Chapter E. --- The values of studying C. militaris infection --- p.6 ; Chapter 1. --- Potential insect biocontrol agent --- p.6 ; Chapter 2. --- Exploitation of medicinal values --- p.8 ; Chapter (i) --- Chemical constituents --- p.8 ; Chapter (ii) --- Pharmacological action --- p.9 ; Chapter VIII. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.11 ; Chapter A. --- Pathogen culture establishment --- p.11 ; Chapter 1. --- Source of pathogen and strain maintenance --- p.11 ; Chapter 2. --- Selection of the artificial medium for C. militaris --- p.11 ; Chapter (i) --- Colony diameter --- p.11 ; Chapter (ii) --- Enumeration of conidia --- p.12 ; Chapter 3. --- Examination of the morphological features of C. militaris in selected agar medium of RF Agar --- p.13 ; Chapter B. --- Host species establishment --- p.13 ; Chapter 1. --- Source of host species and laboratory rearing --- p.13 ; Chapter 2. --- Assessment of viable insect population --- p.13 ; Chapter C. --- The Biological characteristics of C. militaris in RF broth --- p.14 ; Chapter 1. --- Methods for the cultivation of C. militaris in RF broth --- p.14 ; Chapter (i) --- Pathogen inoculum and culture ...

Summary in Chinese. ; Thesis (MBA)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. ; Bibliography: l. 111.

本研究从超常规色彩强烈的重大灾害危机处置入手,分析当代中国动员体制在改革时代的变化特征,以此为切入点来考察动员这项"革命制度遗产对当代中国政治的影响。本研究以中国政府在地震领域的危机动员实践作为实证案例,从1949年以后的不同时期选取四场震例进行纵向比较,以此来把握中国政府在危机条件下启动的政治动员在不同的政治发展阶段会呈现出什么样的整体特点。中国在地震领域的危机动员实践能够证明,中国的政治动员体制比传统动员政治研究假定的要更具动态性。兴起于革命时代的政治动员在进入改革时代以后依然能够延续,并没有随着乌托邦意识形态、计划经济乃至全能主义体制的整体瓦解而走向直线衰落。至少作为中国政府独特的公共危机处置手段,政治动员在改革时代呈现出的变化轨迹是复杂的,成形于全能主义时期的动员政治元素在改革时代不仅没有直接衰败,在某些阶段还重新获得了发展动力,能够与改革时代出现和或者强化的动员模式并存。本研究通过观察中国政府跨越不同政治经济发展阶段的地震危机动员实践发现,中国政府涉灾财政能力和行政能力的发展均衡程度,以及中国政治精英对国家在灾害治理领域角色定位的认知变化,能够对中国政府的地震危机动员模式产生重要影响;既包括s新模式兴起和旧模式衰落,也包括新旧模式的共存。而且,尽管国家能力和国家意愿之间没有必然关联,可是一旦两个因素出现比较同步的增强,还能够为这种"革命制度遗产在改革提供新的制度化动力,促成动员模式更进一步的变化。本研究的结论是,只要作为关键动员主体的中共政权在规范和结构上保持相对稳定,政治动员仍将会是中国政府重要的危机管理工具。而且随着中国政府有更强的意愿和能力来承担公共服务供给职责,政治动员形式和内涵都会有所改变。曾经具有很强非正式和应急色彩的政治动员不仅会变得越来越常态化,而且还会成为正规、任务内容更加广泛的中国涉灾公共治理体系的重要组成部分。 ; This research investigates the dynamics and resilience of China's politlical moblization by making hsitrocial comparison of Chinese government's management of earthquake disasters across four decades. The author selects four major earthquake catastrophesTangshan, Lancang-Gengma, Lijiang, and Wenchuanfrom different historical periods to examine how Chinese government mobilized different types of subjects to contain and control crises under different political, social, and economic conditions. Based upon participatory and non-participatory observation, interviews, and extensive document analyses, this research reveals that China's political mobilization, at least in the issue area of catastrophe management, has demonstrated a more complicated trajectory of change than predicted by most mainstream politilcal theories, espeically in the post-revolutionary era featured by increasing socio-economic pluralization and political liberalization. Insitutional elements promoting mass particpation and self-sufficience thriving in the revolutionary stage not only continue to function in the reform era, but also coexist with newly emerged mobilizational elements featured by increased state dominance, formal legal procedures, and professional expertise. ...

by Chung Ho Yan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-141). ; Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. ; by Chung Ho Yan. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Figures --- p.xi ; List of Plates --- p.xiv ; List of Tables --- p.xv ; Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Textile-Dyeing Industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Processes Involved in Dyeing Industry --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Desizing --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Scouring --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Bleaching --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.4 --- Mercerizing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2.5 --- Dyeing and Printing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2.6 --- Finishing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Characterization of Wastewater of Dyeing Industry --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity of Effluent from Textile-Dyeing Industry --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Related Environmental Legislation --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Chemical Specific Approach and Toxicity Based Approach --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.7 --- Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Test --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.8.1 --- Phase I - Toxicity Characterization --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.8.2 --- Phase II - Toxicity Identification --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.8.3 --- Phase III - Toxicity Confirmation --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.9 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation on Effluent from Textile-Dyeing Industry --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.10 --- Organisms Used for Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.11 --- Selection of Organisms for Bioassays --- p.20 ; Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.24 ; Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Sources of Samples --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test - Baseline Toxicity Test --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Survival test of the marine amphipod, Hyale crassicornis" --- p.29 ; Chapter 3.2.3 --- "Survival test of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana" --- ...

筆者在徽州田野考察時,發現當地人常表達出兩套關於祖先的觀念:第一,徽州人的祖先,就是神明;第二,即使祖先和神明身份重疊,當地人卻能清楚分辨祭於祠堂的祖先,和祭於廟宇的祖先,不會混淆祭祀的場所。這兩套觀念,其實表達出徽州人在宋明間祖先形象的變化。箇中的變化並不單純是「祖先」、「神明」此等稱謂的改變,而是一套與王朝政策息息相關的祭祖儀式漸漸出現。 ; 自南宋遷都杭州後,徽州的地位在宋朝政府變得非常重要,冊封徽州地方神明這套禮儀是王朝與地方建立關係的重要手段。同時,這些受王朝賜封神號和廟額的神明,亦被視為徽州人的祖先,供奉在廟宇,享受地方信眾的香火和經濟捐贈;元朝時期徽州士人開始流行以譜系追溯遠祖,這套文字方式將神明祖先及其後裔一代一代的聯繫起來,但卻不見於應用在祭祀儀式上;到了明朝,政府推行的戶籍登記以及後來的賦役改革,迫使地方社會要仔細劃分神廟祭祀和祠堂祭祀,否則難以確保祭祀場所和祭產的擁有權。 ; 盡管在祠堂祭祀祖先的儀式在明朝中葉普及起來,但並不表示神明祭祀的傳統因而消失,所以在徽州地方社會上,同時存在著在廟宇祭祀神明祖先的禮儀和在祠堂祭祀宗族祖先的禮儀。 ; 筆者的研究方法,是以歷史人類學的視野,結合歷史學對時間變遷的敏感和人類學對地方社會的細膩觀察,利用族譜、碑文、地方志、文集和田野考察所得的資料,重構徽州地方社會這段獨特的發展,展示出徽州人對祖先的理解,如何由神明拉近至放在村內祠堂祭祀的木主。 ; In my visits to Huizhou, I was attracted by the interesting phenomenon that there are two different kinds of concepts about ancestor in Huizhou. The first concept is that some ancestors are recognized as deities in government gazette, genealogy and document. They got a double image. In second concept, although those ancestors are recognized as deities, the difference between the rituals of ancestral worship in temple and of deity worship in ancestral hall is very clear. One of the most interesting cases is Wang Hua, who had been remaining an important regional god and an ancestor of the Huizhou Wangs since the Sung dynasty, but who also came in the Ming dynasty to be worshiped as the ancestors in ancestral hall, separated from the worship of deity Wang Hua in temple. This thesis examines this phenomenon by studying the transformations of Huizhou society from the Song through the Ming. ; This thesis argues that the gradual shift in Huizhou society from the worship of gods in temples to the worship of ancestors in halls is a long process of integration between local society and the state. This process, which reached a now-agreed upon turning point in a 1536 decree of the emperor Jiajing, followed different paths in different parts of China. In Huizhou, various lineages gradually came into existence that was based on the foundation of worship of gods in temple. They at first worshiped their ancestors together with ...

城市氣候信息對可持續城市規劃十分重要。但是城市氣候在城市規劃上的應用仍然十分有限。都市氣候圖是一種信息和評估工具,它融合了城市氣候信 息和城市規劃要素,利用兩維空間地圖將存在的城市氣候現象和問題展現出來。通過文獻綜述可知都市氣候圖的研究源於1970 年代, 目前大部分相關研究主要針對低密度城市進行。現今隨著城市人口的持續增加和快速城市化發展, 緊湊城市和高密度城市生活將是未來不可避免的趨勢。這就迫切需要開展針對高密度城市的都市氣候圖應用研究,例如香港。 ; 本研究使用的氣象數據來自香港天文台,規劃數據則從香 港政府規劃署獲得。基於前期香港都市氣候分析圖和風信息圖層所獲得的分析 和評估結果,該研究繪製了可應用在分區大綱圖的香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和重點規劃建議,並探討了具體的規劃控制策略,涵蓋樓宇密度(容積率、樓宇高度和基地建築覆蓋率)、 綠化(綠化帶,都市綠洲和開放空間的連接及綠色網格)、樓宇後移、通風廊道(河道、風道和通風廊)、非建築用地,樓宇間距和樓宇通透性。根據香港城市氣候的特點,結合香港分區大綱圖的邊界和 區劃,設立了分區大綱圖的4 個規劃策略類型,劃分了18 個組團,並形成詳細的都市氣候規劃建議圖。每個組團又再細化成若干次區域,並配有詳細的規劃改善建議。香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和18 個組團的詳細都市氣候 規劃建議圖以及相應的規劃建議為香港搭建了一個城市氣候規劃應用框架,有效的引導規劃和發展進程,確保規劃師和決策管理著採用適合的城市氣候評估結果。 ; 本研究發現香港都市氣候規劃建議圖可為城市規劃師和決策管理者在宏觀、區域及策略性的層面上提供有益的城市氣候信息平台。根據相關的氣候規劃建議和策略,便於規劃師和決策管理著選取適宜的規劃手段,進而有針對性地改善城市氣候狀況,特別是針對敏感地區。同時,該研究結果有助於在分區大綱圖的層面上開展規劃 探討及決策。另外該研究方法和所提出的相關規劃建議針對高密度城市 狀況,均可供其他相似城市參考, 特別是珠江三角洲地區。現已有三個城市:高雄、澳門和阿納姆的都市氣候圖研究借鑒並採用了該研究的研究成果。 ; Urban climate is of great importance for the sustainable urban planning. However, urban climatic application has a low impact on urban planning. The Urban Climatic Map (UCMap) is a climatic information and evaluation tool to integrate urban climatic factors and town planning considerations by presenting climatic phenomena and problems on two-dimensional spatial maps. Literature reviews that the UCMap studies have been developed since the 1970s, but most UCMap studies focus on low density cities. Due to increasing urban population and rapid urbanization nowadays, compact living and high density city lives are inevitable trends around the world. This makes it an urgent issue to study how to apply UCMap to high density cities, such as Hong Kong. ; The study used meteorological data from Hong Kong Observatory and planning data from Planning Department of the Government of Hong Kong SAR. Based on the climatic analysis from the Urban Climatic Analysis Map and Wind Information Layer, this study developed an Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) and formulated key planning recommendations for Hong Kong, which could then be applied at the level ...

Abstract: The year 2019 marks the 5th anniversary of Chinese President Xi Jinping's vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. This article firstly makes a general summary of the progress made in national decision-making, policy oath and international recognition in the past five years since China put forward the vision of sustainable security.The article will then analyze the current challenges in global security governance. Based on the above information, the way forward for global security governance in the 21st century is discussed. Lastly, the vision of sustainable security is applied to practical issues of international security governance such as climate change and the future prospects of the Korean Peninsula. Additionally, a new security paradigm and specific resolutions for those problems are put forward. Keywords: Sustainable security; Global governance; International security; Climate change; Korean peninsula ; 2019是中国国家主席习近平提出共同、综合、合作、可持续安全观5周年。拙文首先就中国提出可持续安全观5年来,在国家决策、政策宣誓、国际认同方面取得的进展做一概要的总结;然后分析当前全球安全治理方面面临的挑战;在此基础上探讨21世纪全球安全治理的出路,将可持续安全观与气候变化问题、朝鲜半岛前景等国际安全治理的实际问题相结合,创造性地提出新的安全范式及解决问题的具体措施。 【关键词】可持续安全;全球治理;国际安全;气候变化;朝鲜半岛

王航. ; "2000年6月" ; 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. ; 參考文獻 (leaves 143-147) ; 附中英文摘要. ; "2000 nian 6 yue" ; Wang Hang. ; Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. ; Can kao wen xian (leaves 143-147) ; Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. ; 論文摘要 --- p.1 ; 目錄 --- p.3 ; 前言 --- p.4 ; Chapter 第一章 --- 明初中央權力的變化 --- p.8 ; Chapter 第一節 --- 相權的剝奪與廢除 --- p.8 ; Chapter 第二節 --- 從四輔官到內閣 --- p.14 ; Chapter 第三節 --- 「避宰相之名,又名內閣」 --- p.21 ; Chapter 第二章 --- 憲、孝宗朝以前的閣部關係 --- p.28 ; Chapter 第一節 --- 建文帝至成祖時期 --- p.28 ; Chapter 第二節 --- 仁、宣時期 --- p.39 ; Chapter 第三節 --- 英宗時期 --- p.46 ; Chapter 第三章 --- 憲、孝宗朝閣部關係的轉變 --- p.54 ; Chapter 第一節 --- 閣部地位的扭轉 --- p.54 ; Chapter 第二節 --- 官遷關係的形成 --- p.61 ; Chapter 第三節 --- 「實務型內閣」的出現 --- p.67 ; Chapter 第四章 --- 閣部關係轉變與明朝政局發展 --- p.79 ; Chapter 第一節 --- 客觀與理性機制的重建 --- p.79 ; Chapter 第二節 --- 明朝的宰相與宰相觀念 --- p.87 ; Chapter 第三節 --- 「勢壓六卿矣」 --- p.95 ; 結論 --- p.103 ; 附表一明諸帝基本資料簡表 --- p.107 ; 附表二閣部臣關係簡表 --- p.108 ; 附表三閣臣歷任部職比例表 --- p.128 ; 附文〈票擬機制的演變與明代內閣政治〉 --- p.129 ; 參考書目 --- p.143

現有的媒體-抗爭互動機制研究,其結論多是主流媒體傾向非法化、瑣碎化社會運動。但針對威權語境中的媒體-抗爭互動現象,這一論點不再適用。本研究通過2009年廣州番禺反建垃圾焚燒廠事件,探究地方媒體與草根環境運動在與政府協商公共議題時,形成何種互動機制。本文以公共性概念為理論起點,以參與式公共性與可視性公共性這兩種模式作為分析工具,來理解媒體與運動的實踐及其互動。 ; 本研究使用多種方法考察事件發展過程,同時試圖建構出媒體-運動的互動機制。主要研究材料包括媒體文本、新聞從業者與抗爭居民的口頭和書面陳述。本文用內容分析方法考察媒體如何再現抗爭居民與當地政府的話語鬥爭,以及新聞框架如何發展演變。研究者與20位新聞從業者與抗爭居民進行深度訪談,以瞭解其行動的目的、策略與束縛,並探索雙方如何理解與評價自身、對方與社會語境。 ; 本文的主要貢獻,是通過考察威權語境中的媒體-運動的互動實踐現象來豐富原有的公共性概念。研究發現雙方形成了深度互動、平等、共存的關係。首先,媒體的報道使與抗爭相關的公共論述得以生成、發展、充實。多角度的媒體報道涵蓋了環保與民主參與等話題,由此挑戰了官方對抗爭的打壓式論述。其次,在運動的架構過程中,抗爭居民創造出媒介互動策略,具體表現為抗爭者認識到傳統媒體記者所受的束縛,並與其合作突破這種束縛。他們同時也使用新媒體平台直接動員公眾展開集體行動。最後,新聞從業者發展出抗爭新聞劇目的生產機制,使得抗爭事件停留於報端,令抗爭者成為公共論述的參與者。新聞從業者在追求職業認同與獨立時還借用抗爭的概念,將其用作由下至上新聞改革的資源。 ; 以上發現表明,媒體與社會運動作為社會行動者,其互動機制中體現出一種具有建構性與矛盾性的公共性。通過這一媒介化的抗爭事件,雙方發展出針對官方論述的話語抗爭,使得原本屬於越軌範疇的抗爭話語得以進入可公開爭議的合法範疇,由此得以重新界定公開話語空間中的意識形態邊界。 ; Existing studies of media-movement interaction have argued that mainstream media tends to illegitimize and trivialize social movements. However, when applied to the newly emerged media-movement interactions in the context of an authoritarian regime, such argument becomes untenable. This study takes an anti-incinerator event taken place in Panyu, Guangzhou in 2009 as its foci of investigation. It examines how local media and the grassroots environmental movement cooperatively negotiated public issues with the government. The concept of publicity and two models of publicity (participatory publicity and visibility publicity) will be introduced. These two models will be used as analytical tools to understand the practice of and the interaction between the media and the movement. ; Methodologically, this study adopts multiple methods to trace the process of the event and model the media-movement interaction mechanism. This research constructs the case by analyzing the media texts, together with both oral and written accounts of the journalists and the activists. Content analysis is employed to measure how the media represent the discursive struggles between local residents and local government, as well as how the media ...

Cheung, Hin Wah. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-216). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 2 in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Abstract in Chinese (摘要) --- p.ii ; List of Figures and Tables --- p.vii ; Abbreviations Glossary --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- "Research Background, Significance and Question" --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Structure --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Subject and Time Period --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Research Methodology --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.3.5 --- Limits of the Research --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Structure --- p.17 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Theoretical Discussion --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of Religion and Politics --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Church-State Relations --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Role of Church --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Models of Church-State Relations --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Types of interaction between Church and State --- p.39 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Education: A Battlefield between Church and State --- p.42 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Political Bargaining & Decision --- p.44 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.46 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Church-State Relations in Hong Kong: Three governments, Four religions, Different relations" --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Church-State relations in the colonial age --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Catholicism and Protestant Christianity --- p.51 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Buddhism and Taoism --- p.55 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Church-State Relations in the transition period and after the return of sovereignty --- p.59 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- HKSAR Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Chinese Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.69 ...