Suchergebnisse

The prolonged absence ofa central authority, combined with the particular topography of the land of Transjordan, which is characterized by important differences in term of climate conditions and the distribution of natural resources, produced over the centuries distinct political-social spaces and a religious sense far from the orthodoxy of the great cities of the Ottoman Empire (Rogan 2002: 23, 24). The preponderance of the desert isolated Transjordan, encouraging the consolidation of a common popular culture rooted in the institution of the tribe, its customs and habits (Médebielle 1987: 176, Chatelard 2001: 14, Rogan 2002: 36). Transjordan was part of those territories within the Near East which were only nominally subjected to the Ottoman authority, dominated by powerful tribal confederations that clashed repeatedly to impose their power (Norman 1988:3-8, Ze'evi 1996: 105-108). Far from the main trade routes and with no permanent settlement of any importance, Istanbul accepted this situation, delegating to the most powerful tribes the control of this land and the guarantee of the Hajj throughout Transjordan (Abujaber 1998:28).

During the Italian occupation in the USSR, the soldiers of Italian Armed Forces often had relationships with Soviet women, opposed by the authorities for motives of politics and security. Some of the officers openly practised concubinage, in contrast to the racism expressed on that campaign. The authorities in situ also decided to open brothels for the troops, filled with local women, in order to avoid both enemy espionage and the spread of venereal disease. As for the Germans in the USSR, the organization of brothels was difficult from the start due to the absence among the civilians of a 'prostitution outlook' and to the inexperience of the women, who at best offered to work out of hunger. Sexual crimes were also committed then, facilitated by the conflict's climate and often disregarded by military justice, which had other priorities. Such aspects of the Italian occupation in the USSR have been superficially studied, in part because they are at odds with the collective imagination and a national awareness based on war memoirs and military publications, often reticent on the more inconvenient aspects of the Italian presence abroad during the Second World War.

National audience ; L'environnement a un impact majeur sur la santé des populations. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé estime à 23% le taux de décès qui peuvent être attribués à des facteurs environnementaux.Sensibilisée de longue date aux problématiques environnementales, l'Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) a pour mission de former les acteurs du système de santé à la compréhension et à l'analyse scientifique des déterminants sociaux et environnementaux de la santé humaine, à l'évaluation et à la gestion des risques environnementaux pour la santé, à l'élaboration et la promotion de politiques favorables à la santé et de mesures de prévention efficaces.Avec le temps, l'EHESP s'est engagée plus loin, en intégrant le développement durable dans sa stratégie, son organisation interne et ses relations extérieures. Consciente de sa responsabilité en tant qu'acteur premier de la formation en Santé publique, l'Ecole souhaite conduire un processus de promotion, initier les premiers changements de comportements et jeter ainsi les bases incontournables pour relever collectivement les Objectifs Développement Durable (ODD) des Nations Unies, notamment ceux liés à la santé, aux inégalités, au climat, à la dégradation de l'environnement. (Intro.)

Young people's relationship to democracy is a dynamic one. Over time, how youth, participation and citizenship are defined has changed, reflecting the persistent and changing norms and conventions of Australian society and politics. As suggested by Scott Morrison's response to the student-led 'School Strike 4 Climate', there are both firm and contested ideas about who young citizens are and their role in Australian democracy. These reflect how 'youth', as a life stage, is conceptualised, how citizenship is defined, how people develop and express political views and behaviours and create, share and consume political media, what constitutes participation and how people exercise their rights and responsibilities in Australian democracy and shape its ongoing evolution. This chapter looks at how young people's relationships to politics have changed and diversified over time. It first considers how young people's citizenship and their role in democracy can be conceptualised. The second section looks at young people's status in Australian politics – in formal processes, policy and advocacy. The final section discusses how young people's political interests and participation in democracy are evolving in relation to the constraints and opportunities of Australian democracy.

Young people's relationship to democracy is a dynamic one. Over time, how youth, participation and citizenship are defined has changed, reflecting the persistent and changing norms and conventions of Australian society and politics. As suggested by Scott Morrison's response to the student-led 'School Strike 4 Climate', there are both firm and contested ideas about who young citizens are and their role in Australian democracy. These reflect how 'youth', as a life stage, is conceptualised, how citizenship is defined, how people develop and express political views and behaviours and create, share and consume political media, what constitutes participation and how people exercise their rights and responsibilities in Australian democracy and shape its ongoing evolution. This chapter looks at how young people's relationships to politics have changed and diversified over time. It first considers how young people's citizenship and their role in democracy can be conceptualised. The second section looks at young people's status in Australian politics – in formal processes, policy and advocacy. The final section discusses how young people's political interests and participation in democracy are evolving in relation to the constraints and opportunities of Australian democracy.

What tools are at hand for residents living on the US-Mexico border to respond to mainstream news and presidential-driven narratives about immigrants, immigration, and the border region? How do citizen activists living far from the border contend with President Trump's promises to "build the wall," enact immigration bans, and deport the millions of undocumented immigrants living in the United States? How do situated, highly localized pieces of street art engage with new media to become creative and internationally resonant sites of defiance? CARGC Paper 11, "Dreamers and Donald Trump: Anti-Trump Street Art Along the US-Mexico Border," answers these questions through a textual analysis of street art in the border region. Drawing on her Undergraduate Honors Thesis and fieldwork she conducted at border sites in Texas, California, and Mexico in early 2018, former CARGC Undergraduate Fellow Julia Becker takes stock of the political climate in the US and Mexico, examines Donald Trump's rhetoric about immigration, and analyzes how street art situated at the border becomes a medium of protest in response to that rhetoric. ; https://repository.upenn.edu/cargc_papers/1011/thumbnail.jpg

Policy monitoring is often seen as a crucial ingredient of policy evaluation, but theoretically informed empirical analyses of real-world policy monitoring practices are still rare. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on climate policy monitoring in the European Union, which has a relatively stringent system of greenhouse gas monitoring but a much less demanding approach to monitoring policies. It explores how institutional settings, policy implementation, and the quality of information may impact the practices and politics of policy monitoring. Drawing on quantitative regression models and qualitative interviews, it demonstrates that policy monitoring has evolved over time and is itself subject to implementation pressures, but also exhibits learning effects that improve its quality. In further developing both everyday policy monitoring practices and academic understanding of them, there is a need to pay attention to their design—specifically, the impact of any overarching rules, the institutional support for implementation, and the criteria governing the quality of the information they deliver. In short, policy monitoring should be treated as a governance activity in its own right, raising many different design challenges.

Policymakers are often reluctant to implement strong carbon pricing for fear of disadvantaging domestic industries and offshoring emissions-intensive activities. Border carbon adjustment (BCA) would address such carbon leakage concerns by using trade measures to ensure that products from foreign producers facing lower (or no) carbon prices are on equal footing with domestically produced goods. Despite intuitive economic appeal, BCA requires numerous challenging regulatory choices, including its scope of applicability (i.e., which policies, goods, sectors, countries), the methodology for assessing the carbon content of products, the type and price of the adjustment, scenarios requiring modification, and how the resulting revenues will be used. Each of these choices has economic and environmental implications that influence the effectiveness of the BCA, as well as nuanced technical, legal, and political consequences that must be considered. In particular, the design of any BCA must comport with international agreements governing trade and climate policy responsibilities. This article reviews the economic and legal literature on BCA, provides guidance for the design and implementation of BCAs, and identifies research priorities.

This study investigates how the quadruple helix (QH) innovation model functions in a regional renewable energy initiative in Uppsala, Sweden. The focus is on the collaboration between regional office representatives, researchers, consultants and civil society, and their involvement in the attempt to implement and commercialize an innovation within renewable energy for the renovation of an old bridge. The empirical material gathered for this study was based on interviews, conversations, and participant observation during workshops and meetings with different stakeholders. By applying a processual approach, this article illustrates how the QH configuration (university-industry-government and civil society) emerges and evolves, unfortunately into a failed collaboration and thus a closing down of a commercialization attempt. By analyzing interactions and events of the process, we discuss the coordination problems between the actors to better understand how the dynamics affect local governments' attempts to spur a more innovative climate in the region. In our conclusion, we discuss how the processual approach, when applied, can offer a better understanding of the uncertain development of QH projects in knowledge-based societies and economies.

Indonesia is one of the most prone countries to natural disasters in the world because of the climate, soil, hydrology, geology, and geomorphology. There are many different natural disasters, but the three most common natural disasters in Indonesia are flood, landslide, and tornado. This research aimed to cluster the provinces in Indonesia based on the flood, landslide, and tornado's intensity in 2018. The results of clustering by K-Means method in this research divided the provinces in Indonesia into four clusters. The second cluster contained West Java, Central Java, and Bali, the third cluster contained DKI Jakarta, the fourth cluster contained DI Yogyakarta, and the first cluster contained the other 29 provinces. The result of this research hopefully can help the government in order to make decision and improve the natural disaster management system, such as preparedness, disaster response, and disaster recovery based on the most common disaster in each province. Furthermore, the society is expected to be more aware on natural disaster management based on the most common natural disaster in province that they lived.Keywords : natural disaster, cluster, k-means

Amending the Code of Administrative Procedure, the legislator decided to introduce the possibility of conducting mediation proceedings. A mediator may be a natural person who has full legal capacity and exercises full civil rights. The mediator's role is to ensure the conduct of the mediation process. They have the responsibility to stimulate the initiative of the parties by means of appropriate mediation techniques, as well as to create an appropriate climate of conversation, based on mutual trust and respect. The mediator uses procedural rights, which include: the right to read the case files and the right to remuneration and reimbursement of expenses related to mediation. The Code of Administrative Procedure also imposes procedural obligations on the mediator: it must maintain impartiality in the conduct of mediation and draw up a report on mediation. Participants in the mediation are also parties of the administrative proceedings and a public administration body. The task of the public administration body is to determine whether the arrangements made by the parties with the participation of the mediator fall within the scope of the generally applicable law.

Meeting climate goals is a particular challenge for countries that combine extensive use of coal as a fuel for power generation with a significant history of coal mining. We argue that these countries are prone to institutional carbon lock-in processes that significantly affect the phase-out of the use of coal. We use the analytical framework of Varieties of Capitalism to compare degrees of carbon lock-in in Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs) with Liberal Market Economies (LMEs). In CMEs "strategic interaction", "employment protection" and "government ownership" translate into protection of uncompetitive domestic coal activities and assets through (cross) subsidies and veto play. In LMEs the use of coal will be more dependent upon its market price in the international energy market. Through a qualitative comparison of the development of coal-mining and coal-fired electricity generation in three CMEs (Germany, Spain, Poland) and one LME (the UK) over the period between 1990 and 2017 we show that the UK's liberal market economy facilitated a relatively swift phasing out of coal mining and the use of coal, compared to a much more reluctant transition in the other three countries.

National audience ; L'environnement a un impact majeur sur la santé des populations. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé estime à 23% le taux de décès qui peuvent être attribués à des facteurs environnementaux.Sensibilisée de longue date aux problématiques environnementales, l'Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) a pour mission de former les acteurs du système de santé à la compréhension et à l'analyse scientifique des déterminants sociaux et environnementaux de la santé humaine, à l'évaluation et à la gestion des risques environnementaux pour la santé, à l'élaboration et la promotion de politiques favorables à la santé et de mesures de prévention efficaces.Avec le temps, l'EHESP s'est engagée plus loin, en intégrant le développement durable dans sa stratégie, son organisation interne et ses relations extérieures. Consciente de sa responsabilité en tant qu'acteur premier de la formation en Santé publique, l'Ecole souhaite conduire un processus de promotion, initier les premiers changements de comportements et jeter ainsi les bases incontournables pour relever collectivement les Objectifs Développement Durable (ODD) des Nations Unies, notamment ceux liés à la santé, aux inégalités, au climat, à la dégradation de l'environnement. (Intro.)

The prolonged absence ofa central authority, combined with the particular topography of the land of Transjordan, which is characterized by important differences in term of climate conditions and the distribution of natural resources, produced over the centuries distinct political-social spaces and a religious sense far from the orthodoxy of the great cities of the Ottoman Empire (Rogan 2002: 23, 24). The preponderance of the desert isolated Transjordan, encouraging the consolidation of a common popular culture rooted in the institution of the tribe, its customs and habits (Médebielle 1987: 176, Chatelard 2001: 14, Rogan 2002: 36). Transjordan was part of those territories within the Near East which were only nominally subjected to the Ottoman authority, dominated by powerful tribal confederations that clashed repeatedly to impose their power (Norman 1988:3-8, Ze'evi 1996: 105-108). Far from the main trade routes and with no permanent settlement of any importance, Istanbul accepted this situation, delegating to the most powerful tribes the control of this land and the guarantee of the Hajj throughout Transjordan (Abujaber 1998:28).

Diffusion of low-energy houses is an important part of energy and climate policy in the European Union (EU) and in individual EU countries. Key barriers to the adoption of low-energy houses include additional construction costs and uncertainty surrounding actual energy and cost savings. In this paper, we econometrically analyze determinants of low-energy house adoption, including time and risk preferences. We rely on original data from a large survey conducted among households in eight EU countries. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study of low-energy building adoption to rely on a demographically representative sample. Our set of covariates includes parameters of time and risk preferences that were elicited via state-of-the-art incentivized multiple price list experiments and via self-assessment scales. We find mixed results for the effects of time discounting on low-energy house adoption. Risk preferences do appear to matter: as risk proneness increases, so does the adoption of zero net or energy plus building (but not passive houses). Consistent with the low-cost hypothesis about environmental attitude and action, we find no results for environmental attitudes and social norms.