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As the planet continues to warm, climate-induced migration is poised to become a global crisis. For the most vulnerable geographies—most prominently, low-lying island states—climate migration poses an immediate and existential threat. Without substantial adaptation, the lowest-lying island states are predicted to be uninhabitable by mid-century, necessitating wholesale migration and jeopardizing cultural identity, independence, and sovereignty. Vulnerability to climate change is fundamentally shaped not only by environmental conditions, but by pre-existing social and political realities. Throughout Oceania, colonial legacies have induced climate vulnerability and impede effective adaptation. Colonial histories have left most Pacific Island states without the resources and capacity to pursue the type of intensive adaptation that could enable their survival. Meanwhile, dominant narratives portray the loss of islands to rising seas as a foregone conclusion and climate migration as inevitable, further foreclosing possibilities for adaptation. This accepted loss of whole nations represents a continuing strand of colonial narratives that cast islands and their peoples as peripheral and, therefore, expendable. Such colonial dynamics are no longer commensurate with modern commitments to equity, justice, and human rights. International law safeguards the ability of all peoples to exist and to maintain sovereignty and self-governance through the fundamental human right of self-determination. In repudiation of the structural injustices produced by colonialism, self-determination was first codified as a right vesting exclusively in colonized peoples and continues to carry special force with respect to decolonizing peoples today. Yet unless persistent colonial dynamics are challenged, climate migration threatens to permanently extinguish the self-determination of Oceanic states, reproducing and exacerbating past injustices. The fate of islands has global consequence. Currently on the frontlines of climate change, the situation in islands today foreshadows the future of other decolonizing geographies as climate impacts intensify. This Article will suggest that decolonizing states can leverage colonial histories to protect their self-determination in light of climate change. Taking the Republic of the Marshall Islands—one of the island states most imminently threatened by climate change—as a case study, this Article will first share Marshallese perspectives demonstrating that migration is not an acceptable response to climate change. Next, this Article will advance a novel climate justice theory, connecting colonial conduct to the threat of climate migration to establish that international human rights and decolonization norms vest colonial powers with moral and legal obligations to assist their former colonies with self-determination-preserving adaptation strategies. Finally, this Article will concretize this theory, suggesting specific legal strategies that Marshallese and similarly situated communities might pursue.

Climate change is being felt with increasing force and frequency, not only due to extreme weather events, but also due to the number of people who are forced to abandon their territories due to crucial humanitarian needs and protection gaps. However, pre-existing social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities create a greater likelihood of being forced to move due to the impacts of climate change. Particularly important is this situation for women and girls who face intersectional and socio-structural discriminations, which shape their adaptation and resilience to climate impacts and, in the worst cases, conditions their migration processes. While migration induced by climate change has a very important gender component, it has not received enough attention. Neither statistical data nor legal frameworks adequately integrate and address climate migration from a gender perspective, which contributes to perpetuating vulnerabilities, invisibility and lack of protection. Therefore, this article addresses the international legal potentialities, developments, but also the limitations, to protect climate migrants from a gender sensitive and responsive perspective.

"This book addresses the nexus between science and migration, and examines how the two are inextricably intertwined. It primarily addresses the science of global climate change, and additionally examines how this change is more than a region being too hot, too cold, too dry, too wet, or too windy, rather it is also about heightened military tensions, political instability, and myriad other factors. Further, the book discusses the increasing need for the implementation and utilization of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises"--

"This book addresses the nexus between science and migration, and examines how the two are inextricably intertwined. It primarily addresses the science of global climate change, and additionally examines how this change is more than a region being too hot, too cold, too dry, too wet, or too windy, rather it is also about heightened military tensions, political instability, and myriad other factors. Further, the book discusses the increasing need for the implementation and utilization of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises"--

Abstract
This paper argues that climate migration-in case of climate refugees in a strict sense-differs from other forms of migration not only by its finality but also by the fact that entire communities are forced to resettle elsewhere. For such communities to migrate with dignity-that is in a way that protects the social bases of their self-respect-their host countries are required to ensure the necessary institutional arrangements enabling these people to become full and equal members within a reasonably short time. Ensuring that their equal participation rights are not merely formal but have 'fair value' requires taking cultural differences into account to ensure that they do not pose substantial disadvantages for participation in the political and social sphere.

The proposition that climate change will or could generate international security concerns has become prominent in public discourse over the last few years. Building on a much longer tradition of debates and contentions about �environmental security�, various think tanks, government agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have produced reports on climate change, conflict and national security that argue, among other things, that migration can be a major risk factor in the chain of effects that link climate change and violent conflict. Given the Pacific region�s high degree of vulnerability to climate change, the issue of climate-change induced migration is an important environmental, social and political challenge for the region�s peoples and governments. The question is whether this is also a security issue and, if so, for whom? This chapter explores the ways in which climate change and climate migration have been securitised, first in the general (global) context, and then in the Pacific more specifically.