Suchergebnisse

Das Flussbad in Langenlois am Kamp ist nach den Richtlinien der EU als Badestelle gemeldet. Durch die Implementierung der Richtlinie 2006/7/EC in nationales Recht bis 2008 werden daher für das Gewässer neue Qualitätskriterien verbindlich. Im Zuge der vorgeschriebenen Beprobungen wurden im Kamp häufige Überschreitungen der Grenzwerte festgestellt. Das vorliegende Projekt wurde durch das Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Industriewasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz der Universität für Bodenkultur, zusammen mit den Behörden des Landes Niederösterreich durchgeführt. Es wurden (1) vorhandene Daten zur Wasserqualität am Kamp gesammelt, (2) in der Badesaison 2006 der Kamp und seine wichtigsten Zubringer beprobt, und (3) die gewonnenen Daten analysiert und daraus Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Situation erarbeitet. Im Längsverlauf des Kamps zeigten sich Zonen mit unterschiedlich starken (hygienisch relevanten) Einträgen. Auch unter den Zubringern konnten große Unterschiede in ihrer Belastung festgestellt werden. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen wurde als vordringlichste Maßnahme die Anpassung der Abwassersammlung und Abwasserbehandlung an die gesetzlichen Vorschriften und den Stand der Technik, ferner der verstärkte Einsatz von bepflanzten Bodenfiltern zur Abwasserbehandlung im Einzugsgebiet des Kamps empfohlen. ; The spa in Langenlois am Kamp has the legal status of a bathing water according to EU standards and thus has to reach the requirements of corresponding EU directives, including the directive 2006/7/EC of 15 February 2006 that will be implemented into national law until 2008. Water quality inspections found out that the Kamp, main river of the Waldviertel, frequently exceeded the required microbiological limits. Therefore a project was carried out by the Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control of the University of Natural Ressources and Applied Life Sciences (Vienna), together with the government of the federal state of Lower Austria. During this project, (1) existing data concerning the water quality of the Kamp was collected. (2) In the bathing season 2006 samples were taken from the river and its main influents every two weeks. (3) Data was analysed and interpreted. Stategies for the improvement of the water quality were proposed. Along the course of the Kamp changing deterioration of the bathing water quality was found which indicated emission sources with strong effect on the water quality. Due to these results the upgranding of draining and treatment of sewage was recommended as well as the increased application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. ; eingereicht von: Lukas Werner ; Zsfassung in engl. Sprache ; Wien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Dipl.-Arb., 2007 ; OeBB ; (VLID)1031497

Betty Williams, founder of the World Center of Compassion for Children and Nobel Peace Prize recipient, discusses the nature of war in Northern Ireland especially as it has impacted children and the need for them to be politically represented. n 1976, Williams was awarded the Nobel Prize as a co-founder of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement, which was dedicated to ending sectarian violence. Williams started the organization with Mairead Corrigan after three of Corrigan's nieces and nephews were run down by a getaway car carrying Irish Republican Army guerrillas. For more than 20 years, Williams has traveled the world, working with fellow Nobel laureates to evaluate and come to the aid of areas where the cause of peace, and especially the safety and well-being of children, is at risk. In 1997, she founded the nonprofit organization World Center of Compassion for Children (WCCC), which works to create safe havens where children will be fed, sheltered, nurtured and encouraged to grow to their fullest potential. With the aid of other organizations, the WCCC enables children to regularly address the United Nations General Assembly and establish a voice within the Court of Human Rights.

This report has been prepared at the request of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment as a key input to the Department?s review of the legislative and organisational framework for co-operatives in Ireland. The report sets out an economic and social profile of the co-operative sector in Ireland, provides an overview of the co-operative sector internationally and outlines some of the key issues in terms of challenges and opportunities currently facing the Irish co-operative sector.

The publication focuses on the visit of the Spanish Jesuit Alfonso Salmerón (1515–1585) in Vilnius in the late 1555. The visit of the first Jesuit in Vilnius lasted one month from October the 28th to the end of November. It was the first visit of the member of the Society of Jesus in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during which the possibilities to open the first Jesuit College in the region were tested. Salmerón came to Vilnius as the attendant of the Papal nuncio Aloi­sio Lippomano (1496–1559) who in the same year was delegated to the official nunciature to Poland and Lihuania. The details of Salmerón's visit were discussed in the three surviving letters of Salmerón to his close friend Ingantius of Loyola (1491–1556), the founder and the Superior General of the Society of Jesus. Two of them were written before the arrival in Vilnius from Augsburg (September 1) and Wars­zaw (October 10), the third one was sent from Wien (on January the 1st, 1556) after the visit to the Capital of the Grand Duchy. Though in the first two letters the possibility of establishing the Jesuit College in Vilnius was expressed quite positively, the situation was changed after the visit to Vilnius and the conver­sation with the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania SigismundusAugustus. In the third let­ter to Lojola, Salmerón rejected the possibility of opening the College because of the situation in the state where he noted very strong inclination of the local nobility to protestantism ("heresy").The three Spanish letters of Salmerón to Loyola provide many other interesting details about the reli­gious context of Poland and Lithuania in the middle of the 16th century and the Jesuit Counter-Reforma­tion politics in the region. ; .

This paper analyzes how imperfections of property rights affect allocation of assets and welfare, using micro-survey data from Bulgaria. Co-ownership of assets is widespread in many countries due to inheritance. Central and Eastern Europe offers an interesting natural experiment to assess the effects of such rights imperfections because of the asset restitution process in the 1990s. Bulgaria is particularly interesting because of the prominence of the co-ownership problem (about half of all land plots are co-owned), because of the strong fragmentation of land, and because of legislation providing an instrument to separate out chosen (endogenous) versus forced (exogenous) firms of co-ownership. We find that land in co-ownership is much more likely to be used by less efficient firm organizations or to be left abandoned, and that it leads to significant welfare losses.

The objective of this paper is to get an insight into the chemical activation mechanism using KOH and NaOH as activated agents. Three coals have been selected as carbon precursors. It was found that KOH and NaOH develop a similar narrow microporosity, independently of the coal rank, whereas only KOH generates supermicroporosity. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments, carried out with impregnated anthracite, show differences on the gas evolved during the activated carbon preparation using the two activating agents. Thus, whereas hydrogen profiles are quite similar for both activated agents, the CO and H2O profiles are different. It is remarkable the high amount of H2O evolved at the maximum treatment temperature for both activating agents. The results obtained allow concluding that the chemical activation is due to a combination of different process driving the development of material porosity. ; Spanish Government (project CTQ-2005-01358) and the GV (projects GV/2007/144 and ARVIV/2007/067).

This research project will identify effective tax policy models and strategies of policy advancement for the co-operative sector. The project will draw on a comparative analysis of tax models from Spain (Mondragon Co-op) and Italy (Emilia Romagna region) and will include a scan of tax policy and legislation regarding co-operatives in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and northern Ontario. The objective of this research is to analyze different tax policies that have played a key role in the development of the co-operative sector and in creating sector controlled, self-sustaining co-operative development and financing tools by exploring the possibilities of parlaying the research results from the international models into appropriate models in Canada, with specific consideration to the Manitoba context. This research will build on existing literature regarding tax models and policies, supports and barriers, and the various factors that contributed to the sustainability of co-operative development in various parts of the world. A review of the tax legislation in key tax systems (namely Spanish, Italian, and Canadian at the federal/provincial levels) will also be necessary.

Educational leadership is challenged with meeting the requirements of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) legislation which mandates an education for all students. The focus on accessibility and accountability has resulted in more students with disabilities being served in the general education setting. The co-teaching service delivery model is offered in the school environment to provide an education for all students and is intended to include instruction that is specially designed for students with disabilities. Instructional leadership is essential to a successful implementation and maintenance of inclusive practices. This study sought to provide a better understanding of instructional leadership practices of the co-teaching service delivery model. The purpose of the study was to describe and explain how leaders support co-teaching. A distributed perspective based on the combination of activity and distributed cognition theories has been developed to study school leadership. This distributed perspective views leadership practice as an interaction between leaders, followers, and the situation (Spillane, Halverson, and Diamond 2004). This study examined instructional leadership practices of the co-teaching service delivery model at the elementary level. Data were collected through a qualitative design, using interviews, observations, and review of documents. Interviews were conducted with administrators responsible for the direct supervision of the co-teaching model and with co-teachers, both general and special educators. Observations occurred in the school setting and related documents were collected and analyzed. The distributed leadership perspective guided the data collection focusing on leadership tasks and functions, task-enactment, and social and situational distribution of leadership practice. The data revealed leadership tasks that included forming the team, scheduling, assigning instructional roles, allocating resources, and developing the co-teacher relationship. Leadership was shared between the administrators and teachers with both providing leadership. School environment, organizational arrangements with available resources, and participants' profile were identified as factors influencing the leadership practice of co-teaching. It is hoped by understanding the leadership roles and responsibilities of co-teaching, educators may better understand and nurture a co-teaching model that supports students in an inclusive environment. ; Ed. D.

The overall aim was to increase knowledge of the problems and the advantages of multi-sectoral co-operation in vocational rehabilitation, with focus on systematic multi-professional team meetings. One of the aims was to quantify the effects of co-operation in vocational rehabilitation on sick leave days, using comparison groups. Another aim was to elucidate the problems and achievements of co-operation in vocational rehabilitation in the Nordic countries. A study of the registers from the National Social Insurance Board of days on sick leave and the types of benefit paid, for a 12-months-period prior to a multi-sectoral co-operation intervention, 0-6 months after the intervention as well as for the subsequent 6-12 months, was conducted. Economic gains for society were also estimated. Sixty four municipal employees on long term sick leave who participated in the intervention were compared with matched controls who were subjected to treatment as usual . A questionnaire study was conducted involving 95 immediate superiors employed by the same municipality, who conveyed their views on co-operation both prior to and during the multi-sectoral co-operation intervention. A six-year follow-up of the same intervention, with the same 64 subjects and their controls was carried out with the same outcome measures: days on sick leave, types of benefit paid by social insurance and economic gains for society. A qualitative study was conducted with 23 semi-structured research interviews of 27 strategically chosen informants in the five Nordic countries, who were asked about what chief actors are involved in the vocational rehabilitation, what models of co-operation, collaboration or co-ordination exist, if problems exist with the clients being referred from one instance to another without having their problems solved ( pillar-to-post ), if there is a need for co-operation and also what the differences are between possibilities and obstacles in co-operation in vocational rehabilitation. The results showed that there was an overall difference in sick leave of 5.7 days per month and person over the six-year-period studied. When that much more time was spent working instead of on sickness absence, economic gains for society were generated at 36600 per person over the 6-year-period and at a total of 2.3 million for the actual intervention carried out for the 64 subjects. Effects were not demonstrable until the second half-year after closure of the intervention. The immediate superiors described the multi-sectoral co-operation as successful in reducing problems. They reported that the co-operation intervention in fact led to combined responsibility in finding solutions and better opportunities than previously for employees to resume regular or other jobs. Despite differences between the Nordic countries, the pillar-to-post problems are described by all informants. Co-operative solutions however differ. New reforms have recently been implemented in Norway and Denmark. Social insurance, employment and part of social services are all organized under one and the same authority on a local basis at municipal level in these two countries. Both countries have also distinguished between the management of planning and following-up rehabilitation activities from managing disbursements. The models for co-operation described share some common features, but there are still reports of differrences in the possibilities and obstacles of co-operation from the different Nordic countries. The studies demonstrate that multi-sectoral co-operation in vocational rehabilitation has a good effect on preventing sick leave days, generating substantial economic gains for society and that this effect lasts for at least six years. The results also show that good results may be accomplished for people on long term sick leave. There are many different versions of co-operative solutions in the different Nordic countries, all offering interesting examples for the future. Successful co-operation is possible to achieve without legislative enforcement.

This study determines the product selection processes from Kuwaiti nationals based on their shopping habits in the Co-Operative Supermarkets (A government owned grocery stores). This paper expands the concept of Consumer Satisfaction and includes an evaluation of the post purchase affective response. It presents the development of a consumer typology based on affective response, basically broken into two groups. The first group is formed by consumers who face grocery shopping as their duty the second group considers grocery shopping as their pleasure. The paper also presents the implications of such typology in the Co-Op operation itself. The literature on consumer behavior and store choice suggests that consumers make decisions to patronize a particular store on the basis of a set of attributes that they view as important. This study attempts to explore the determinant attributes that influence the patronage decisions of supermarket consumers in Kuwait. Based on a descriptive analysis of data collected via an accidental sampling procedure, fourteen store attributes were identified. These attributes were factor analyzed, generating four image dimensions intuitively labeled merchandise, personnel, accessibility and promotion. A stepwise regression showed that merchandise image was the most salient in determining the frequency of supermarket shopping. None of the demographic characteristics of consumers did seem to have an impact on the perceived importance of the promotion image. Most of the differences among the categories of the consumers' demographic characteristics were found in the accessibility image, providing possible explanation for why the rank of the importance of accessibility elements varies considerably from one study to another.

Fishery co-management has recently garnered a considerable amount of interest from fishermen and regulators in both developed and developing countries. The trend is in response to the failure of traditional fishery management, which relied on direct command-and-control regulations, and as an alternative to other individual-rights-based systems, including individual transferable quotas. The key feature of fishery co-management is that fishermen form a group to manage the fishery in a collective manner based on mutually agreed rules. Community-based fishery co-management has been actively promoted both by local governments, particularly in developing countries, and by international aid institutions. Despite increasing interest and attention, however, fishery co-management is not yet well understood. Economists have been skeptical about the effectiveness and sustainability of such resource management regimes, primarily because they involve collective action by individual fishermen. Other disciplines such as sociology and anthropology, on the other hand, have been studying co-management regimes for some time, mainly from a qualitative point of view. To generalize the factors that are key to successful fishery management, it is necessary to go beyond case studies and quantitatively examine different types of fishery co-management regimes, their "rules of the game," and institutional designs. This study investigates fishery co-management regimes adopted in coastal fisheries in Japan. Utilizing the nationwide abundance of fishery co-management examples, it searches for key co-management measures and operations beyond the layers of tra­ ditional, cultural, and social influences. The study focuses on the rules of the game adopted by Japan's co-managing groups, called Fishery Management Organizations (FMOs). An examination of several cases of successful fishery co-management iden­tified two distinctive measures: effort coordination and pooling arrangements. Anec­dotal evidence suggests that a pooling arrangement is a vital supporting measure for effective coordination, suggesting that these two measures may be essential to suc­cessful fishery co-management. The challenge is how to align individual fishermen's incentives with those of the group. A conceptual dynamic model developed in this study shows that such alignment is likely to occur when pooling arrangements are employed. The model shows that full pooling achieves perfect alignment, which may explain why full pooling is the dominant choice among FMOs with pooling arrange­ments. Hypotheses from the case studies and conceptual model are subsequently tested with real-world data from two sources—Japan's fishery census published by the gov­ernment and data from a survey developed and conducted by the author. The survey was designed to supplement the fishery census by collecting information on effort co­ordination and self-imposed regulations. The results from the two empirical analyses indicate that (1) merely establishing co-managing groups, such as FMOs, has limited effect; (2) FMOs with pooling arrangements generate greater revenue, particularly when combined with effort coordination activities; and (3) pooling arrangements and effort coordination coupled with marketing activities resulted in the greatest revenue.

[EN] The conformational mobility in poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-hydrxyethyl acrylate) co-polymers was studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarization currents and dynamic-mechanical experiments. The relaxation strength and the shape of the dielectric relaxation spectra of the homopolymer and co-polymer networks were analyzed using the Havriliak-Negami equation. The dependence of the relaxation strength on co-polymer composition and temperature was analyzed taking into account the merging of the main and the secondary relaxation processes. The shape of the epsilon" versus frequency plots led to the conclusion that the distribution of relaxation times was broader in the co-polymers with intermediate composition than in the homopolymers, a feature that can be explained by the inhomogeneity produced at molecular scale by the sequence distribution of the monomeric units along the chain. Master curves were built both for the elastic modulus and the mechanical loss tangent, and the temperature dependence of the relaxation times was deduced from the shift factors. The fit to the Vogel equation permitted the calculation of the strength parameter, which is higher in the co-polymers that the simple average of the values of the homopolymers, a feature that can be related to the broadness of the distribution of relaxation times. ; The authors are grateful for the support given by the Spanish Science and Technology Ministry through the MAT2003-05391-C03-01 project and by the Valencian Regional Government (Generalitat Valenciana) through the GRUPOS03/018 project. We would like to thank the R + D + i Linguistic Assistance Office at the Universidad Polite´cnica de Valencia for their help in revising this paper ; Gómez-Tejedor, JA.; Rodríguez Acosta, T.; Gómez Ribelles, JL.; Polizos, G.; Pissis, P. (2007). Poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate) random co-polymers: Dielectric and dynamic-mechanical characterization. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 353(3):276-285. ...

В статье представлены основные направления участия кооперации Чувашии в борьбе с голодом 1921 1922 г г. Выявлена роль кооперативных объединений в оказании продовольственной помощи, в организации общественного питания, в обеспечении работой жителей Чувашской области. Отмечена поддержка кооператорами образовательных учреждений. Показано быстрое усвоение областными органами власти практики бесплатного использования кооперации в своих интересах. ; Main directions of participation of the co-operation of Chuvashia in the fight against the famine in 1921 1922 are presented in the article. The role of co-operation societies in food supply, in organizing of public catering, in providing the population of Chuvashia with work is revealed. Co-operators' support of educational institution is noted. The beginning of the practice of co-operation by state government bodies in their own interests is shown.

The paper focuses on the origins and development of agricultural co-operative societies in Zimbabwe since 1954 with particular reference to Gowe-Sanyati and evaluates their role in facilitating the channelling of production inputs to farmers and the marketing of their produce. It examines the criteria for eligibility to membership of such associations, namely who could belong and who could not, as well as their administrative structures and practices. In addition, the paper evaluates the societies' impact on their members, on African development and on the national economy. In 1954 the Government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) began investigations on the need for co-operative societies (co-ops) in order to promote African development through facilitating the acquisition of production inputs and the marketing of agricultural products. In 1956, the first co-operative society was established, while the main focus of this paper's interest, the Gowe Irrigation Co-operative Society of Sanyati in the northwestern part of the country, was established in 1967. Established by a government agency known as the Tribal Trust Land Development Corporation (TILCOR), now the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (ARDA), the co-operative society flourished and became a model for the distribution of agricultural inputs and credit to African farmers. It collapsed in 1969 due to a number of factors, among them poor management and corruption.

From an extensive report in 6 different countries, Steve Colling concludes that national self-interest too often stands in the way of the international co-operation and co-ordinated action required for tackling climate change.