In recent years the leader of "Giustizia e Libertà" has been the focus of a renewed and extensive attention. The author reconstructs the itinerary of Carlo Rosselli, conducting the theoretical analysis in the light of the complexity of the historic context. From the years of the Great War to the exile in France, intellectual meditation and political commitment are inextricably entwined threads in the career of the Florentine antifascist. In the attempt to pinpoint the key passages of this unquiet quest, the book traces the stages of an evolving thought. A thought that was matured through critical comparison with liberal theory and Marxist doctrine, found inspiration in English socialism and conceived opposition to the Fascist regime as the grounds for a project of progressive democracy.
More than trying to make explicit an ethical discourse that – for whichever reason – would have remained only implicit in Heidegger's philosophy, the aim of this article is to trace, in Heidegger's work, the eventual presence of the structural premises for such a discourse. Premises which, in our perspective, can be brought back to the following two elements: first of all, to the character of contingency of experience and absence of ontological foundation, which only makes ethics a genuine discourse of responsibility and not a simple application of pre-given rules; and, second (given such lack of ontological foundation), to the unavoidable political institution of this same discourse. Now, the pivotal point of this article is that such premises, in Heidegger's work, far from being traceable in Being and Time or in his later works, are to be rather found in his previous texts, and precisely in his early Freiburg lectures (from 1919 to 1923), in which his thought appears to be still not so much seduced by an ontological drive.
Le caratteristiche di un vino dipendono dalla cantina, dai vitigni utilizzati per la produzione delle uve, e dal terroir: quella combinazione magica di geologia, morfologia, clima, coltura e cultura che caratterizza l'ambiente dove il vino nasce. Un sistema informativo geografi co è uno strumento potentissimo al servizio della qualificazione del terroir perché aiuta gli esperti nell'elaborazione dei dati e nella loro analisi. La tecnologia WebGIS si rivela essere un valido strumento di ausilio per l'analisi e la valorizzazione del territorio. Attraverso l'uso di queste soluzioni tecnologicamente avanzate, WineGIS fornisce in maniera integrata strumenti di carattere tecnico e scientifico, in grado di rappresentare in modo unitario la complessa e ricca realtà delle zone di produzione tipiche dei vini italiani. E di rappresentare un punto di partenza per una moderna politica di valorizzazione del territorio. ; The characteristics of a wine depend on the cellar, the grapevines used in the production of the grapes and the terroir: that magical combination of geology, landscape, climate culture that characterize the environment in which the wine is born. GIS is a powerful instrument in providing accurate terroir information because it helps experts in the elaboration of data and their research. Web GIS technology is a powerful tool to support landscape analysis and promotion. Through the use of these technologically advanced solutions, WineGIS offers, in an integrated manner, scientific and technical instruments able to represent in a unified way, a complex and rich view of areas of production typical to the Italian wine industry. And to represent a starting point for a modern political evaluation of the zone.
La presente ricerca prende in esame le dinamiche archeologiche e storiche della regione egiziana del Fayyum durante il Nuovo Regno (1552 – 1069 a.C.). L'elaborato è suddiviso in quattro parti: la prima analizza tutti i contesti archeologici che hanno restituito materiale databile al Bronzo Tardo, la seconda riguarda, invece, la catalogazione di tutti i documenti iscritti provenienti dalla regione e databili al medesimo periodo. La terza parte rappresenta la sintesi dei dati acquisiti nelle due precedenti sezioni e descrive il divenire storico regionale tra XVIII, XIX e XX dinastia, mentre la quarta parte, un'appendice prosopografica, chiude l'intero studio. I contesti archeologici fayyumici che hanno restituito materiale databile al Bronzo Tardo sono solamente sette: Gurob, el-Lahun, Haraga, Hawara, Medinet Madi, Shedet e Tebtynis. La distribuzione della documentazione tende a concentrarsi, dal punto di vista territoriale nell'area d'ingresso della regione, mentre dal punto di vista cronologico sono molto ben attestate la seconda metà dell'epoca thutmoside, l'età amarniana e la prima parte dell'epoca ramesside. Per quanto la documentazione regionale pertinente al Nuovo Regno sia estremamente rarefatta, soprattutto se paragonata a quella contestualizzabile cronologicamente ad altri periodi storici, un'attenta analisi delle testimonianze porta a collocare il Fayyum in una fitta trama di rapporti politici, economici e militari non solo con il resto del Paese ma anche con altre aree geografiche, esterne all'Egitto. ; This research deals with the archaeology and history of the Fayyum region during the New Kingdom. The purpose of this study is, above all, to outline all the main archaeological characteristics of this region during the Late Bronze Age. The first part of the dissertation regards the funerary areas of the Fayyum, with a particular attention to the necropolis of Gurob, el-Lahun, Hawara and Harageh, not only in relation to their topographical and architectural aspects but also in connection to the material cultures which were attested there. Moreover, this analysis deals with the Near Eastern pottery, found in great quantity in the region and probably in relation with the role of Fayyum as a connecting area for the caravan road from the Valley to the Western Desert. The second level of analysis is the study of the region's urbanism in the same period, with particular attention to the main town of the area, Gurob, and his most important architectural expressions: the royal harem built there by Thutmosis III, the "Fort" (probably a defensive building dated to the very beginning of the XVIIIth dynasty) and the temple for the worshipping of Thutmosis III himself. In a second moment I underlined the urban characteristics of the other archaeological sites of the area surely attested during the New Kingdom: Kahun, Harageh and Shedet. I studied also all the papyri coming from the Fayyum or related to this region, dated from the very beginning of the XVIIIth dynasty to the end of the XXth, in order to have a complete prospective of the area during this period. A full database for all the inscribed New Kingdom objects found in the area represents the second part of the present work. The third part of this dissertation is completely dedicated to the analysis of Fayyum's historical events during the same period, whereas the fourth part contains the prosopography of male and female persons attested in the region during the New Kingdom. The purpose of this research is, in particular, to underline the consensus to the royal power in the area. In fact, the Fayyum is usually considered as an unimportant area during Egypt's Empire Period, in particular if compared with its significant role during the Middle Kingdom. This can be considered just partly true: indeed, during particular moments of the New Kingdom (Thutmoside Period, Amarna Age, and at the beginning of Ramesside Period) the region was strictly linked to the court, as it is attested by the great number of royal objects which were found in the different archaeological contexts. It is possible to underline the will of the Royal Family to create a strong relation with this area because of political, economical and military reasons.
Dottorato di ricerca in Meccanica agraria ; Con l'entrata in vigore del protocollo di Kyoto sono divenuti necessari la ricerca e l'impiego di fonti energetiche rinnovabili che riducano la dipendendenza dai combustibili fossili, riducendo così le emissioni di gas serra in atmosfera, le biomasse rappresentano una possibilità concreta e attuale in tal senso. In questo studio è stato considerato il caso di un'azienda agricolo-zootecnica del Viterbese. In particolare la trasformazione, tramite digestione anaerobica, di reflui zootecnici e coltivazioni erbacee in biogas e la valorizzazione di tale biogas attraverso la cogenerazione. In primo luogo viene presentata la situazione energetica relativa alle fonti rinnovabili, lo scenario mondiale, europeo e italiano e le politiche di sostegno. Si è proceduto poi allo studio della digestione anaerobica, esaminando gli aspetti relativi ai sistemi di trattamento dei diversi tipi di biomasse. Infine è stato effettuato lo studio di fattibilità e la progettazione di massima di un impianto della potenza elettrica di 160kW. Si rileva che tali impianti sono ormai tecnologicamente competitivi e potrebbero rappresentare una fonte di reddito addizionale per le aziende agricole. ; After Kyoto protocol,reserce and utilization of energetic renewable sources have became necessary to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels and the emission of gas carbon. For this reason biomass represents a concrete and actual opportunity. In this study there is a case of zootechny farm near Viterbo. In particular the transformation, through anaerobic digestion, of reflui zootecnici and herbaceous cultivations in biogas and the valorization of such biogas through the co-generation. Before it's showed the energetic situation of renewable sources, in the World, Europe and Italy and the environmental politics. Than the study of the anaerobic digestion, with particular interest for the zootechnic effluents treatment systems. At last it has been carried out the study of feasibility and the planning of maximum of a system of the power electrical worker of 160 kW. One finds that such systems are by now technologically competitive and could represent a yield source add them for the agricultural companies.
This study discusses the imagery and iconographic representations in the Statutes of the Order of St John of Jerusalem and of Malta, published between the fourteenth and the eighteenth centuries. Catalogues and bibliographic tools are first examined so as to identify the editions in Italian libraries, which were then individually examined. Particular attention was given to illustrative material consisting of portraits, the depiction of forms of dress, and the various figurative and symbolic depictions featured on title pages. The latter comprise coats of arms, mottoes, military trophies, and religious symbols. From the first incunabulum printed in 1493, down to the edition published by Grand Master de Rohan, a repetition of the same or very similar iconographic motifs can be noted in the Statutes. This confirms that such iconographical elements had an instructive and celebratory role where the Order was concerned. Some imagery is indeed not to be found in any other genre of publication pertaining to the Order, notably the sleeveless habit. These published legislative texts provided the best means through which iconographic representation could be presented to those who were familiar with them. Indeed, while publications of a religious or historical nature regarding the Order often also comprised elegantly engraved title pages, maps of the Maltese islands, and figures of saints, it was the legislative texts that were mostly utilized to a far greater extent to depict symbolic representations related to the Order. ; peer-reviewed
Heidegger's philosophy has been interpreted as an absolute historicism, unable to point to a unhistorical standpoint from which history can be judged upon. K. Löwith, for instance, has indicated that the cause of this difficulty is to be found in the conception of time: whereas, in Greek thought, time was considered only as a manifestation of the essence, in modern thought time has the tendency to become the essence itself, as that which fulfills itself in time, up to Heidegger's identification of being and event. What is interesting in my critique is that the conception of time is strictly interwoven with a specific way of conceiving justice and, broadly speaking, ethics. In Plato's philosophy, justice as measure corresponds to a cyclical and even retrogressive conception of time, the one enounced in the myth of Chronos, in the Politikos. The modern conception of time, spiritualistic and biologistic, is instead cyclical and irreversible, cumulative: its most significant expression is Hegelianism. The existential conception of time, instead, is neither cyclical nor cumulative. By commenting on Heidegger's Anaximander's Saying, I wish to show the possibility of conceiving temporality as disjunction (injustice) and only as such capable of producing justice – which I understand as a new possibility of meaning that does not exclude, but carries within itself, emancipation. An ethics of the present developed on the basis of this conception of time – which Heidegger has not completely endorsed – would then be an ethics which accepts as its own ground the discontinuous, yet inventive, dimension of time.
The globalization process of the last twenty years has changed the world through international flows of people, policies and practices. International cooperation to development is a part of that process and brought International Organizations (IOs) and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from the West to the rest of the world. In my thesis I analyze the Italian NGOs that worked in Bosnia Herzegovina (BH) to understand which development projects they realized and how they faced the ethnic issue that characterized BH. I consider the relation shaped between Italian NGOs and Bosnian civil society as an object of ethnic interests. In BH, once part of former Yugoslavia, the transition from the communist regime to a democratic country has not been completed. BH's social conditions are characterized by strong ethnic divisions. The legacy of the early 1990s crisis was a phenomenon of ethnic identities created before the war and that still endure today. The Dayton Peace Agreement signed in 1995 granted the peace and reinforced the inter-ethnic hate between the newly recognized three principal ethnicities: Serbs, Croats and Bosniak. Through the new constitution, the institutions were characterized by division at every level, from the top to the bottom of society. Besides it was the first constitution ever written and signed outside the own country; that was the root of the state of exception that characterized BH. Thus ethnic identities culture survived through the international political involvement. At the same time ethnic groups that dominated the political debate clashed with the international organization's democratic purpose to build a multicultural and democratic state. Ethnic and also religious differences were the instruments for a national statement that might cause the transition and development projects failure. Fifteen years later social fragmentation was still present and it established an atmosphere of daily cultural violence. Civil society suffered this condition and attended to recreate the ethnic fragmentation in every day life. Some cities became physically divided and other cities don't tolerated the minority presence. In rural areas, the division was more explicit, from village to village, without integration. In my speech, the anthropology for development – the derivative study from applied anthropology – constitutes the point of view that I used to understand how ethnic identities still influenced the development process in BH. I done ethnographic research about the Italian cooperation for development projects that were working there in 2007. The target of research were the Italian NGOs that created a relation with Bosnian civil society; they were almost twenty divided in four main field of competences: institutional building, education, agriculture and democratization. I assumed that NGOs work needed a deep study because the bottom of society is the place where people could really change their representation and behavior. Italian NGOs operated in BH with the aim of creating sustainable development. They found cultural barricade that both institutions and civil society erected when development projects have been applied. Ethnic and religious differences were stressed to maintain boundaries and fragmented power. Thus NGOs tried to negotiate development projects by social integration. I found that NGOs worked among ethnic groups by pursuing a new integration. They often gained success among people; civil society was ready to accept development projects and overcome differences. On the other hand NGOs have been limited by political level that sustained the ethnic talk and by their representation of Bosnian issue. Thus development policies have been impeded by ethnic issue and by cooperation practices established on a top down perspective. Paradoxically, since international community has approved the political ethnic division within DPA, then the willing of development followed by funding NGOs cooperation projects was not completely successful.
This paper deals with the LM IIIA1-A2 frescoes discovered in the Villaggio of HagiaTriada. Drawing on an analytical interpretation of Halbherr's and Paribeni's excavation day-books, and taking advantage of an unpublished plan drawn by Enrico Stefani in 1911, it tries to solve three main problems: 1) the exact location of the groups of frescoes belonging to the Fossa degliaffreschi, namely the «Great Procession» and «Woman and Altar» respectively. It is argued here that they were found on the floor of room A of Casa VAP, not far from the East and South walls, making it plausible that they originally belonged to the decoration of that room. A third assemblage, the «Little Procession», dated to LM II/IIIA1, might possibly be identified with a group of frescoes that Halbherr discovered under the floor of room B of Casa VAP in 1911. 2) The chronology of both the creation and destruction of these assemblages: the frescoes from the Fossa degliaffreschi were created in ripe LM IIIA2, and fell from the walls of Casa VAP after its abandonment in LM IIIB; the «Little Procession» could have been destroyed, perhaps in a fire, during early LM IIIA2. A lowering in date of the creation of the Painted Sarcophagus (late LM IIIA2) is also suggested. 3) The wider context of the frescoes of Casa VAP. The latter is the only residential building dis-covered to date at HagiaTriada, and should have belonged to the household which was in charge of the site from LM IIIA2 through LM IIIB. The frescoes belong to a main figurative cycle, which was probably intended to mark the beginning of an entirely new era in the political history of the settlement.
This work examines how Roman marble were reused into religious and civil buildings beetween the IVth-Xth / XIth-XVth centuries in some centers of Campania. The aims of this research were threefold: I. to establish a corpus around the spolia of old centers of Campania. II. to consider the problem of continuity and the revival of the past in new buildings through the codification of new religious and politic aesthetic. III. to demonstrate the origin of spolia from ancient centers of Campania and not only from Lazio' centers. The evidence of some unpublished materials (as sarcophagi and capitals), preserved mainly in local Museums, or reused in Medieval Churches and in the streets of cities, contribute to better delineate our knowledges about Campania spolia, before known from authoritative studies on the subject. The use of spolia in Campania is interesting to understand the survival of the ancient Roman society of Campania during the Longobard and Norman dominations. We can also describe the difference between the reuse of earlier building materials or decorative sculpture on new momuments in South and North Campania, looking at the spolia found in Capua (for example, coming from the marbles of the Amphitheatre or Theatre in Santa Maria Capua Vetere), Sessa Aurunca and Teano and Salerno-Amalfi' coast. The origins of spolia are from imperial-roman Theatre and Amphitheatre very rich in marble to be reused, from imperial necropolis of republican centers of Campania, restored by Traiano and Adriano emperors, but also from important villae around Naples and Flegrean Bay. In the Medieval age, the coastal cities acquire the materials through maritime trade: from Paestum to Salerno-Amalfi to Naples-Pozzuoli-Ostia-Roma, but also through regional routes: Nuceria-Capua-Benevento, full of roman spolia.
Recently urban freight transport has become an important social issue in terms of the increasing level of traffic congestion, negative impacts on the environment, traffic safety and accidents as well energy consumption. The situation is getting worse by currents trends in supply chain organisation (e.g. just in time delivery, fragmentation of loads) which have led to an exponential increase in the number of freight emissions, especially for small parcels that are often carried by empty transport vehicles. The EU policy and legislation relevant to urban mobility has been developed with significant funding provided through several programmes (FP, INTERREG, LIFE, URBAN, CIVITAS, URBAN etc.). The CityLog project – co-funded within FP7 and with 18 European partners coordinated by Centro Ricerche Fiat – aims at increasing the sustainability and the efficiency of urban delivery of goods through an adaptive and integrated mission management and innovative vehicle solutions. Three action domains have been identified to improve today's city logistic system: - logistic-oriented telematic services are expected to give a decisive contribution to improve mission planning processes through an optimized routing and drivers' support systems. Towards the final customers, tracking and communication capabilities should be deployed to reduce the number of unsuccessful deliveries; - vehicle technologies will represent a key factor to increase the operational flexibility of lorries and vans. It means that the vehicles shall be requested to support different mission profiles, and this will allow to reduce their number. In other words, what should be achieved is the interoperability among the vehicles, especially in terms of load unit handling; - innovative load units shall be carefully designed to operate, like the vehicles, in different missions. Therefore, a re-configurable internal layout will enable different uses either as simple container or mobile pack station (BentoBox concept). In the latter case, the goal is the de-synchronization of the delivery process between operators and final customers in order to reduce the unsuccessful deliveries. The innovative approach of CityLog will lead to decrease the number and optimise the use of delivery trucks in urban areas, while bringing an increased quality of services. From the logistics operator point of view the groundbreaking CityLog solutions and technologies are of highest interest due to the increased energy efficiency and quality of services. Concerning the perspectives, the conference on the Future of Transport organized by the European Commission in March 2009 rightly identified the urban context as one of the main challenges to transport policies in terms of both sustainability (CO2, air pollution) and competitiveness (congestion). This will have an impact on the design of the transport system as a whole, and the urban context will increasingly serve as a "laboratory" for the transport sector in the years to come; a testing ground for the development of new technological and financial solutions.
Andrea Palladio's Quattro libri dell'architettura has always attracted great interest on the part of architects and scholars. But Palladio's brief book, l' Antichità di Roma di M. Andrea Palladio. Racolta brevemente da gli Auttori Antichi, & Moderni, has been, in comparison, neglected. Nevertheless, Palladio's Antichità has been republished in a very large number of editions. In the preface to the book Palladio writes that he has written it, owing to (1) the the destruction of a great part of Roman architecture, (2) a book, full of strange falsehoods, which has come into his hands, Le cose maravigliose di Roma, and (3) his knowledge that many readers want to know the truth about Roman antiquities and about other significant aspects of the city of Rome. Palladio states that he has collected together what he has found in ancient and modern writers. After mentioning ancient authors, he names the following modern writers: Flavio Biondo, Andrea Fulvio, Lucio Fauno, Bartolomeo Marliani. The Antichità di Roma differs from earlier books on the same subject, because Palladio's brief entries treat, in addition to the customary discussion of Roman topography – the city, its monuments and its buildings –, the political and social institutions of ancient Rome, and the customs and everyday life of the Roman people. A close examination of Palladio's text and of earlier literature about the topography and the monuments of Rome demonstrates clearly that Palladio has relied on four principle modern sources: (1) Flavio Biondo's Roma restaurata, in the Italian translation by Lucio Fauno (ed. pr. 1542); (2) Andrea Fulvio's Antiquitates urbis (1527), in its Italian translation by Paolo Dal Rosso (1543); (3) Lucio Fauno's Antichità di Roma (1548, 1549, 1552); (4) Bartolomeo Marliani's Topographia urbis Romae (1544), in the Italian translation by Hercole Barbarasa (1548). The chapters treating the institutions of Rome and the life and customs of the people depend on a single work: Flavio Biondo's Roma triumphans, in the recently ...
Titre traduit : La caractérisation des fonctions agro-envoronnementales : une apporche par l'agronomie des territoires (français) ; European agro-environmental policies target several environmental resources used for farming. Difficulties in considering multiple agro-environmental functions (AEF) and farming activities, along with lack of databases, hinder the implementation of such policies at regional scale. Hence we propose a method to qualify AEF fulfilment at landscape and regional scales. Starting from the relationships among farming systems, agro-environmental processes and land use patterns, we suppose a link between land use patterns and AEF fulfilment obtained from bio-physical conditions influencing such processes. The method was multiple functions oriented, because of the current agro-environmental policies; at multiple levels, because of the complex relationships between our research subjects; spatially-explicit, to be reproducible for different time spans; empirical, because partially based on assumed relationships between descriptors of AEF fulfilment. We have tested the method in two European NUTS3: Puy-de-Dome (France) and Grosseto Province (Italy), presenting similar agro-environmental heterogeneity (e.g. varying from arable crops plains to extensive livestock mountains) and different conditions (e.g. soil quality, land use, climate). Even though facing some different AEF, both areas presented a good correspondence between the AEF fulfilment at the farming region and landscape scales. In the French case, we found a higher composition variability of AEF fulfilment but a small spatial variability resulting in a quite homogeneous contribution of farms to AEF and in a poor added value of land use patterns. In the Italian case, we found a correspondence between land use patterns and AEF fulfilment resulting in an high predictive value of land use patterns, overcoming farm technical data. We conclude that land use patterns may be a promising tool to assess AEF only when there is a high AEF spatial variability, which is typical of Mediterranean areas. ; Plusieurs enjeux concernant les ressources environnementales mobilisées par l'agriculture sont l'objet de politiques européennes. Leur implémentation régionale est difficile du fait d'un manque d'outils et de données pour évaluer en même temps des fonctions agro-environnementales (FAE) et différentes activités agricoles. En analysant les relations entre systèmes de production, processus agro-environnementaux et configurations spatiales de l'usage du sol, nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'il existe un lien entre ces configurations spatiales et la réalisation des FAE, résultant de conditions influençant ces processus. Notre méthode se caractérise par la prise en compte de multiples fonctions, l'articulation de plusieurs niveaux spatiaux, l'utilisation d'analyses spatiales, une confrontation au terrain par des approches empiriques sur deux régions. Nous l'avons testée dans deux NUTS 3, le département du Puy-de-Dôme (France) et la province de Grosseto (Italie) ayant en commun une hétérogénéité de conditions agro-environnementales (plaines céréalières / élevage extensif en montagne) et d'importantes différences (climat, occupation du sol). Ces régions montrent une réalisation semblable des FAE aux niveaux de la petite région et d'entités paysagères. Le cas français présente une forte variabilité de réalisation des FAE, relativement groupées dans l'espace ; de ce fait, la prise en compte des configurations spatiales apporte peu de nuances supplémentaires pour appréhender la réalisation des FAE dans des espaces restreint. Dans le cas italien au contraire, la réalisation des FAE est très variable dans l'espace et cette variabilité est liée aux configurations spatiales qui améliorent la caractérisation de la réalisation des FAE. En conclusion, les configurations spatiales de l'usage du sol semblent plus utiles à la caractérisation de la réalisation des FAE dans des régions où la variabilité spatiale des FAE est importante, comme en zone méditerranéenne.
Titre traduit : La caractérisation des fonctions agro-envoronnementales : une apporche par l'agronomie des territoires (français) ; European agro-environmental policies target several environmental resources used for farming. Difficulties in considering multiple agro-environmental functions (AEF) and farming activities, along with lack of databases, hinder the implementation of such policies at regional scale. Hence we propose a method to qualify AEF fulfilment at landscape and regional scales. Starting from the relationships among farming systems, agro-environmental processes and land use patterns, we suppose a link between land use patterns and AEF fulfilment obtained from bio-physical conditions influencing such processes. The method was multiple functions oriented, because of the current agro-environmental policies; at multiple levels, because of the complex relationships between our research subjects; spatially-explicit, to be reproducible for different time spans; empirical, because partially based on assumed relationships between descriptors of AEF fulfilment. We have tested the method in two European NUTS3: Puy-de-Dome (France) and Grosseto Province (Italy), presenting similar agro-environmental heterogeneity (e.g. varying from arable crops plains to extensive livestock mountains) and different conditions (e.g. soil quality, land use, climate). Even though facing some different AEF, both areas presented a good correspondence between the AEF fulfilment at the farming region and landscape scales. In the French case, we found a higher composition variability of AEF fulfilment but a small spatial variability resulting in a quite homogeneous contribution of farms to AEF and in a poor added value of land use patterns. In the Italian case, we found a correspondence between land use patterns and AEF fulfilment resulting in an high predictive value of land use patterns, overcoming farm technical data. We conclude that land use patterns may be a promising tool to assess AEF only when there is a high AEF spatial variability, which is typical of Mediterranean areas. ; Plusieurs enjeux concernant les ressources environnementales mobilisées par l'agriculture sont l'objet de politiques européennes. Leur implémentation régionale est difficile du fait d'un manque d'outils et de données pour évaluer en même temps des fonctions agro-environnementales (FAE) et différentes activités agricoles. En analysant les relations entre systèmes de production, processus agro-environnementaux et configurations spatiales de l'usage du sol, nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'il existe un lien entre ces configurations spatiales et la réalisation des FAE, résultant de conditions influençant ces processus. Notre méthode se caractérise par la prise en compte de multiples fonctions, l'articulation de plusieurs niveaux spatiaux, l'utilisation d'analyses spatiales, une confrontation au terrain par des approches empiriques sur deux régions. Nous l'avons testée dans deux NUTS 3, le département du Puy-de-Dôme (France) et la province de Grosseto (Italie) ayant en commun une hétérogénéité de conditions agro-environnementales (plaines céréalières / élevage extensif en montagne) et d'importantes différences (climat, occupation du sol). Ces régions montrent une réalisation semblable des FAE aux niveaux de la petite région et d'entités paysagères. Le cas français présente une forte variabilité de réalisation des FAE, relativement groupées dans l'espace ; de ce fait, la prise en compte des configurations spatiales apporte peu de nuances supplémentaires pour appréhender la réalisation des FAE dans des espaces restreint. Dans le cas italien au contraire, la réalisation des FAE est très variable dans l'espace et cette variabilité est liée aux configurations spatiales qui améliorent la caractérisation de la réalisation des FAE. En conclusion, les configurations spatiales de l'usage du sol semblent plus utiles à la caractérisation de la réalisation des FAE dans des régions où la variabilité spatiale des FAE est importante, comme en zone méditerranéenne.
Dottorato di ricerca in Meccanica agraria ; In questa indagine sperimentale sono stati rilevati tutti i rischi che si possono presentare nel ciclo produttivo del nocciolo per la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori, individuando in tal modo le procedure e gli obblighi necessari per prevenire tali rischi, secondo quanto previsto dal D.Lgs. 81/2008. Il lavoro si compone di una prima parte, in cui viene analizzato tutto il ciclo colturale; di una seconda, in cui si studia l'interazione delle innovazioni tecnologiche sul ciclo produttivo ed i rischi in generale correlati alla meccanizzazione. Infine in una terza parte si esaminano, anche alla luce di prove sperimentali in pieno campo ed in laboratorio, tutti i rischi presenti nella corilicoltura: il rischio da vibrazioni al sistema mano braccio e al corpo intero, quello al rumore, alle polveri; i rischi chimici, quelli dovuti ai mezzi meccanici, al microclima, agli agenti biologici, alla movimentazione manuale dei carichi, e infine quello da stress correlato. ; In this experimental study we have pointed out the risks which can be found in the productive cycle of hazelnuts both for the health and safety of workers; in this way we can find out the necessary procedures and the conditions to prevent such risks, according to the Legislative Decree 81/2008.The work is made up of a first part in which all the cycle of cultivation is analyzed; and a second part in which we study the interaction of the technological innovations on the productive cycle in general caused by mechanization. At last, in a third part, we examine all the risks present in hazelnut cultivation also as a result of experimental proofs effected both in an open field and in a laboratory: the risk due to hand arm vibrations (HAV) and whole body vibrations (WBV); the risk due to noise and dusts; chemical risks, risks due to mechanical means, microclimate, biological agents, manual handling of loads and at last risk due to correlated stress.
