Suchergebnisse

The coastline is the subject of a very important economic, social and environmental issue. Its abusive exploitation makes it vulnerable, and exposes it to hazards reducing the hability of coastal ecosystems to preserve and maintain themselves. For the management of its coastline, Côte d'Ivoire has ratified almost all the Conventions and International agreements advocating the integrated management of this area. This objective is not easy to achieve because of this initial management sectorized but also because the fragmentation of skills and the lack of connection between the various issues related to conservation and protection of ecosystems benefits, cultural and economics of coastal areas. The search for coordination and coherence at the institutional, politicaln economic and legal levels is essential. Actions have been led, the adoption in 2014 of the law on the coast and the adoption of the new maritime code. These actions to be perfected must allow everyone to participate and facilitate access to justice. ; Le littoral fait l'objet d'un enjeu économique, social et environnemental très important. Son exploitation abusive l'expose à des aléas réduisant la faculté des écosystèmes côtiers à se préserver et à se maintenir. La Côte d'Ivoire a ratifié la quasi-totalité des Conventions et accords internationaux prônant la gestion intégrée de cet espace. Cet objectif de gestion intégrée du littoral n'est pas facile à atteindre en raison de cette gestion initiale sectorisée mais aussi en raison de l'éclatement des compétences et de la non connexion entre les différents enjeux relatifs à la conservation et à la protection des avantages écosystémiques, culturelles et économiques des espaces littoraux. La recherche de coordination et de cohérence politique, économique et juridique a amené l'Etat à l'adoption en 2014 de la loi sur le littoral et le code maritime. Ces actions restent néanmoins à parfaire en permettant la participation de tous les acteurs aux différents processus et en facilitant l'accès à la justice.

The analysis of the regional development inequalities in the Saudi Arabia kingdom make up the subject of this research, which favours, firstly the study of the factors that explain the spatial disparity. They are natural, historical and human factors but the are also different economical policies and development standards adapted by the Public Authorities that, consequently, contributed to an inequitable distribution of wealth as far as the regional development is concerned. Secondly, and through a range of social and economical variables, the development levels between regions of the Kingdom had been analysed, which allowed us to distinguish two grids in the organisation of the saudi space: a horizontal axis in which the majority of population and the economical activities are concentrated, Damma – Ryad – Mecca ; and a vertical axis dominated by the Red Sea Coasts big cities. Eventually, we studied the regional development policy adapted by the public authorities thanks to the « spatial national strategy » on the one hand and the adoption of the policy of social relocations on the other hand, which allowed us to analyse at the spatial level, the effects of growth centres and corridors of development and at the social level, the effects of popularization of health and education infrastructures. ; L'analyse des inégalités de développement régional au Royaume d'Arabie saoudite constitue l'objet de cette recherche qui a favorisé en premier lieu l'étude des facteurs qui expliquent la disparité spatiale. Il s'agit des facteurs naturels, historiques et humains mais aussi des différentes politiques économiques et du modèle de développement adoptés par les pouvoirs publics qui ont contribué à une répartition inégale des richesses et par conséquent du niveau de développement régional. En deuxième lieu et à travers un ensemble de variables économiques et sociales, les niveaux de développement entre les régions du Royaume ont été analysé ce qui a permis de distinguer deux trames de l'organisation de l'espace saoudien : un ...

9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables ; This study analyses the trophic ecology of the horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) juveniles associated with two jellyfish species, Rhizostoma pulmo and Cotylorhiza tuberculata, in the NW Mediterranean. The aim was to know whether the natural diet composition of the hosted fish could be influenced by the jellyfish species and to explore if the fish could feed on the host jellyfish. Samplings were carried out off the coast of Barcelona in summer 2011 at depths of up to 10 m. Juveniles associated with C. tuberculata showed a higher feeding incidence and number of ingested prey than those associated with R. pulmo. The relative importance of the different prey varied depending on the jellyfish species with which fish were associated. In juveniles associated with C. tuberculata, the diet was similar to the composition of the ambient zooplankton, with the cladocera Evadne spp. and Calanoida copepods as the most important prey. However, juveniles associated with R. pulmo fed mainly on Calanoida and Harpacticoida copepods. These differences could be related to the depth-associated behaviour of each jellyfish species, with R. pulmo particularly making deeper living plankton accessible to the horse mackerel juveniles. The presence of nematocyst cells in the juvenile gut contents suggests that they fed on the host jellyfish, either directly on the jellyfish tissue or accidentally when they remove the prey captured by the jellyfish oral arms. Our results provide a better understanding of the associations between jellyfish and juvenile fish which can have important effects on fish population dynamics ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2010-18874 and CTM2015-68543-R). JM was supported by a predoctoral FI-AGAUR fellowship of the University and Research Grants Management Agency (AGAUR) of the Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya) (FI_B_00412) ; Peer Reviewed

4th Fault2SHA Workshop, Fault Complex Interaction: Characterization and Integration into Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA), 3-5 June 2019, Barcelona ; Often fault and fold segmentation and characterization of their kinematics and evolution in time is based on surficial geology and 2D seismic data. Despite many advances, 3D seismic data is required to understand how faults interact in space and time and the complexity of the fault systems. Toachieve this objective, a high-resolution 3D Parallel Cable (P-Cable) seismic dataset was acquired along the Newport-Inglewood Rose Canyon (NIRC) fault. The NIRC is a complex right lateral strike-slip fault system that stretches for 120 km, mostly offshore, and parallel to the southern California coast. The Holocene fault slip-rate ranges from 1.5-2.0 mm/yr to 0.5-1.0 mm/yr, from south to north, according to onshore paleoseismological studies. An earthquake rupturing the entire length of the offshore system could produce a M7.3 earthquake and potentially impact around 20 million Southern California residents. The acquired offshore dataset images the outer continental shelf and upper slope. The preliminary analysis of this high-resolution seismic volume has allowed mapping of several faults that offset different seismostratigraphic units. The mapping shows two main families of faults, some trending N-S to NNW-SSE and the others NE-SW, being the former the predominant. In addition, it reveals that the faults consist of a number of segments that may join at depth, but also that the NE-SW system acts as a structural boundary in the continuation in the N-S faults and folds. In conclusion, the 3D mapping of the geological structures along the NIRC system highlights the complexity and relationship between faults and folds in a shear zone ; This project has received funding from the European Union's horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 657769 (PALEOSEISQUAKE) ; Peer Reviewed

The loss of biodiversity, including the collapse of fish stocks, affects the vulnerability of social-ecological systems (SESs) and threatens local livelihoods. Incorporating community-centered indicators and SES drivers and exposures of change into coastal management can help anticipate and mitigate human and/or coastal vulnerability. We have proposed a new index to measure the social-ecological vulnerability of coastal fishing communities (Index of Coastal Vulnerability [ICV]) based on species, ecosystem, and social indicators. The ICV varies from 0 (no vulnerability) to 1 (very high vulnerability) and is composed of 3 components: species vulnerability, i.e., fish biological traits; ecosystem vulnerability, i.e., environmental indicators of ecosystem health; and adaptive capacity, i.e., human ability to cope with changes. We tested the ICV of Brazil's 17 coastal states. The average ICV for the Brazilian coast was 0.77, and variation was low among states. More than half of the coastal states revealed very high vulnerability (> 0.8). The ecosystem vulnerability values were worse than the adaptive capacity and species vulnerability values, and the North and Northeast regions were revealed to be vulnerable hot spots. Additionally, we investigated how the ICV related to specific anthropogenic risks, i.e., fish landing richness, fishery instability, market, coastal extension, and coastal population, and found that states with fewer species landings and higher coastal populations presented higher ICVs. At a time when human impacts are overtaking natural processes, understanding how these impacts lead to coastal vulnerability can help improve conservation policies. For this case study, we suggest both fisheries management measures and restoration of sensitive habitats to protect species and decrease vulnerability. The integrated evaluation developed here could be used as a baseline for coastal monitoring and conservation planning and be applied to coastal regions in which governments evaluate both social and ...

Brazil has garnered the world´s attention recently with a backdrop of political scandals, corruption allegations, world-renown sporting competitions and an economy in turmoil. It has been nothing less than a roller coaster for the citizens of Brazil who have savored some of the ups and downs of the last ten years.In 2007 Brazil was the darling of the developing world. It appeared that the nation that is paradoxically called the "nation of tomorrow" had finally arrived at its tomorrow. With the commodity boom stocking its coffers, millions of Brazilians out of poverty due to the policies of President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil could go through the recession relatively unscathed until the commodity market collapsed and Brazil suffered its own recession in 2015 along with series of political calamities. Aside from the impeachment of President Rousseff and Operação Lava Jato (the so-called Car Wash scandal that has implicated several politicians due to bribery through kickbacks they received through the oil giant Petrobras) that was in full swing there was another socio-political phenomenon that was not receiving the press coverage that it was deserving. The Brazilian government was and still is in a struggle to emphasize accountability in the realm of money laundering and illicit finance flows; this endeavor has proved cumbersome as off shore tax havens have and continue to provide a refuge for the funds of fraudulent companies such as Odebrecht and unethical individuals. The abuse of offshore tax havens by the Brazilian political elite, by the "outing" of the Panama Papers as well as the use of OFCs (Offshore Financial Centers) by Odebrecht has forced the Brazilian government to take action and stem the flow of illicit finance.The expanded version of this paper was written at the George Washington University, International Transcriminal Organizations.

Ubicado sobre la costa del Río Uruguay, al noreste de la provincia de Misiones, un municipio de frontera fue el escenario de procesos políticos que tuvieron gran notoriedad pública entre los años 2013 y 2015, cuando sucesivas comisiones investigadoras conformadas en el ámbito del Concejo Deliberante resolvieron la destitución de dos intendentes acusados formalmente de negligencia, ineptitud e irregularidad en el cumplimiento de sus funciones. En un contexto general en el cual el cambio de gobierno nacional impulsó el debate sobre el problema de la corrupción a nivel estatal, los procesos analizados en este trabajo adquieren relevancia para comprender a un nivel micro las particulares dinámicas institucionales, los mecanismos adoptados para la apropiación de los recursos en el ámbito del Estado municipal, y en qué medida estas prácticas son toleradas, justificadas o naturalizadas por la sociedad local. Asimismo, en este trabajo indagamos sobre las formas de ejercicio de la autoridad, el desarrollo de la actividad política institucionalizada y las tramas del poder local, para discutir las nociones de gobierno en un municipio fronterizo, donde el discurso de la corrupción se configuró como una crítica moral de los políticos profesionales. Para la realización de este trabajo, reconstruimos los casos referidos a partir del análisis en clave antropológica de distintas fuentes orales (entrevistas a actores claves) y escritas (documentos oficiales y artículos periodísticos). ; Located on the coast of the Uruguay River, northeast of the province of Misiones, a border municipality was the scene of political processes that had great public notoriety between 2013 and 2015, when successive investigative commissions formed within the scope of the Deliberative Council resolved the impeachment of two mayors formally accused of negligence, ineptitude and irregularity in the performance of their duties. In a general context where the change of national government strongly debated the problem of corruption at the State level, the ...

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/americania/article/view/4357 ; Los grupos que constituyeron el complejo cultural Tairona habrían alcanzado su máximo desarrollo tecnológico, social, político y económico entre los años 1100 y 1500. Los primeros castellanos que llegaron a las costas de la región los entendieron como dos grupos diferenciados, uno los que ocupaban la franja costera y otro por los situados en las vertientes norte y noroeste de la Sierra Nevada. Hoy podemos concluir que los que habitaban las laderas y alturas serranas estuvieron muy relacionados con los pueblos del litoral,y mucho más vinculados al Caribe de lo que se había supuesto.Una región muy poblada, además. Los primeros testimonios escritos ya mencionan una muy alta y densa población, y enseguida los ocupantes y vecinos de Santa Marta afirmaron que había entre 15.000 y 40.000 naturales en aquellas provincias. Pueblos en contacto, vigorosos y numerosos. ; The groups that constituted the Tairona cultural complex would have reached their maximum technological, social, political and economic development between the years 1100 and 1500. The first Castilians who arrived at the coasts of the region understood them as two differentiated groups, one thatoccupied the coastal strip and the other located on the north and northwest slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Today we can conclude that those who inhabited the hillsides and mountain heights were closely related to the coastal peoples, and much more linked tothe Caribbean See than it had been assumed. It is also a very populated region. The first written testimonies already mention a very high and dense population, and soon the occupants and neighbors of Santa Marta stated that there were between 15,000 and 40,000 natives in those provinces. Peoples in touch, vigorous and numerous. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

The UK Government is committed to a target of 15% of electricity consumption from renewable sources by 2020. DEFRA's 25-year environment plan also places a commitment on protecting the UK's natural capital. To honour these commitments, the energy system needs to be decarbonised, albeit in a way that safeguards natural capital and provides acceptable trade-offs to the public. The marine environment is essential to achieving the UK's renewable energy targets, with wave and tidal devices among the potential mechanisms for harvesting marine energy. While research has focused on engineering challenges, little is known about the social and cultural impacts of these devices and their public acceptability. This research had three main aims: to identify the cultural importance of the coast, to assess the trade-offs between cultural ecosystem services and a decarbonised energy system, and to reveal perceptions of wave and tidal energy. Three case study sites along the Bristol Channel were selected (Weston-super-Mare, Minehead, and Barnstaple), this area having great potential for wave and tidal energy while also holding environmental and cultural significance, attracting several million visitors annually and housing at least 250,000 people. A mixed-method approach was adopted, integrating photo elicitation and a questionnaire survey involving residents of the study locations. Data from interviews, participant photographs, and extracted survey data were analysed thematically, revealing attachment to place, aesthetic attributes, natural history and recreational use as being of particular importance, and highlighting a generally positive perception of wave and tidal energy development albeit with some clear ideas of acceptable trade-offs and concerns regarding impact on wildlife and the coastal environment. By drawing on data through methodological triangulation, greater depth is revealed about perceptions on what is important for individuals living in particular localities, and how these priority concerns underpin their attitudes toward wave and tidal energy. Keywords: wave and tidal energy; marine; coastal; photo elicitation

Over the years extreme weather events have been catastrophic and continue to have overwhelming impacts globally, mainly due to climate change. However, the impacts of extreme weather events have been uneven and devastating in developing countries largely because of lack of resources, weak adaptive capacity and large dependency on climate sensitive livelihoods. Odisha on the eastern coast of India is one of the most disaster-prone states in India with a regular prevalence of extreme events like cyclones, droughts, floods and heat waves. The state's livelihood is mainly based on weather patterns directly (farming, fisheries) or indirectly (non-farm wage labour, dairy farming) are at stake due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events. However, there are very limited studies available which describe the situation, impacts and resilience of extreme weather events in the context of livelihood in the state. The present study is an attempt in this direction to review and examine the impact of extreme weather events (e.g., cyclone, flood, drought and heat wave) on the livelihood of the population in Odisha. In addition, the study examines the resilience shown by the people and the program and policy adopted by the government on the extreme weather events in the state. The study findings highlight that extreme weather events have affected populations at large, caused substantial economic losses and exerted a disproportionate effect on the vulnerable social groups such as sharecroppers, small and marginal farmers, backward communities, landless labourers, wage labourers, rickshaw pullers and vendors as the nature of work in which they are engaged is susceptible to the effects of extreme weather events. Heat waves, droughts, floods and cyclones are the important extreme weather events that hamper the livelihoods in Odisha. Frequent occurrence of events has caused a blow to the livelihood resilience of the poor and marginalized people. While immediate coping mechanisms at the local level do provide some relief to ...

International audience Nowadays, air pollution has a major impact on the environment and human health. Owen gauges allow the sampling of atmospheric depositions in polluted sites for further characterisation. This paper shows the study of the air particles of an old mining zone in Cartagena-La Unión (South-east of Spain) in order to quantify their potential risk on human health. There were 4 strategic sites monitored: the main mining tailing (Avenque), the urban area (La Unión), an agricultural zone (formerly mining) and a site in the Mediterranean coast. Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterisation was applied to atmospheric fallouts. The granulometry revealed a dust particle size around 15 μm, with the coarsest particles in the urban area and the thinnest at the tailing site. XRD analyses showed the presence of quartz, carbonates, sulphides and sulphates. Observations with SEM-EDX confirmed chemical spectra and allowed us to classify the particles into well-crystallised minerals and heterogeneous dusts. Total metal content determination was carried out by ICP-MS analyses and results showed Zn, Pb, As and Cd fluxes (respectively 2549, 1275, 68 and 7 μg·m-2·d-1) exceeding the limit values set by European legislations in the mining area. The fluxes of Zn, Pb and As also exceed these standards in the urban area whereas the coastal zone only exceeds the thresholds in the case of As. Inhalation health risk (defined by US EPA, 2009) was quantified in the sites using total and bioaccessible metal contents of the dusts. Risk calculations using total metal content considering a residential scenario showed acceptable risk for all sites except for the mining tailing which presented non-acceptable cancer and hazard risk mainly due to the total As and Pb contents. When considering the bioaccessible fraction of As and Pb, the risk diminished to acceptable values, demonstrating the overestimation produced when using total metal contents.

International audience ; Reducing the study of the structural transformation of a country to that of its export profile leads in fact to retain only the liberal position from the "ideological-political duality" of possible positions on the role of international trade in development. Our perspective in this text is different. It does not aim at any form of reductionism, nor does it a priori privilege a model of industrialization in the name of a necessity given by the presumed truth of international markets. Our approach takes note of the strategic choices made by Morocco in favor of an industrialization through export promotion. It proposes to complete the analysis of the economic and political conditions of Moroccan industrialization by an in-depth study of the profile of Moroccan exports. For that purpose, we return in a first point on the role of foreign markets in the recent industrialization strategy of Morocco and draw up an inventory of the structural transformation (I). We then analyze the transformation of the export structure in support of the criteria of diversification and sophistication (II). We then mobilize data and criteria from the work on "product space" to analyze, in Morocco, the tenuous relationship between the transformation of the export profile and structural transformation (III). Clearly, Morocco has successfully seized the opportunities that productive globalization has offered and, in turn, has consolidated sectoral successes by exporting new, more sophisticated and, although still isolated in the Moroccan productive structure, much more centrally located in the product space (automobiles and electrical machinery). However, the risk of seeing an archipelago of export poles along the country's West Atlantic coast without significant impact on structural transformation seems real in view of Morocco's lack of accumulation of production capacity. Capital accumulation per worker, which is relatively low in Morocco, is struggling to improve over the period. As for total factor productivity, ...

El ¿Protocolo para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras del Mediterráneo¿, fue acordado en 2008 en Madrid, España lo ratifico en el año 2010, y entro en vigor en marzo de 2011, lo que implica la existencia de un instrumento legal vinculante de naturaleza especial para la gestión costera. Desde entonces en la Comunitat Valenciana, y posiblemente en el resto de España no se han realizando grandes avances en este sentido, casi con seguridad debido a la no existencia de legislación ni financiación adecuada para la implantación de la misma. En presente estudio se propone un 1er documento de trabajo, para la realización de acciones GIZC en una zona concreta de la costa vinculada a la Red Natura 200, mediante un convenio de colaboración entre parte de los agentes implicados y se propone el traslado de esta formula al resto de las zonas costeras Valencianas. ; The "Protocol for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zones of the Mediterranean" was agreed in 2008 in Madrid. Spain ratified it in 2010 and it went into effect in March 2011, which means there is a special, legally binding instrument for coastal management. Since then in the Valencian Community, and perhaps in the rest of Spain, no substantial progress has been made in this regard, probably due to the lack of legislation and adequate funding to implement it. In this study, a first document is proposed for the implementation of ICZM actions in a specific area of the coast linked to the Natura 2000 Network, through a collaboration agreement between the agents involved and the transfer of this formula is proposed to the rest of the Valencian coastal areas. ; Enguix Egea, ÁM. (2018). De menos a más, 1er. borrador de "Convenio específico de gestión integrada de la zona costera Calp-Benissa", un proyecto viable y replicable. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/115378 ; TFGM

Victims have acquired an unprecedented social and political legitimacy in the contemporary world. In light of this phenomenon and the debates it has generated in the social and human sciences, in this article we analyze how victimhood is constructed in Bojayá, a municipality on the Colombian Pacific coast, where more than eighty people were massacred in 2002 during a combat between the FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo) and the AUC (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia). Supported by interviews and field data, we argue that the social trauma of the massacre and suffering are the cause of political agency of the victims and the means for becoming political subjects. Based on conceptual categories coming from Lacanian psychoanalysis, we conclude that the nomination of victim in Bojayá is fundamental for its inhabitants –previously invisible– so that they can be recognized by the Other of the nation and the international scene. ; Las víctimas han adquirido una legitimidad social y política inédita en el mundo contemporáneo. A la luz de dicho fenómeno y los debates que ha generado en las ciencias sociales y humanas, en este artículo analizamos cómo se construye la identidad de víctima en Bojayá, un municipio del litoral pacífico colombiano donde fueron masacradas más de ochenta personas en 2002 durante un combate entre las FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo) y las AUC (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia). Apoyados en entrevistas y datos de campo, argumentamos que el trauma social de la masacre y el sufrimiento son el motor de la agencia política de las víctimas y el medio que les permite devenir sujetos políticos. A partir de conceptos del psicoanálisis lacaniano, concluimos que la nominación de víctima en Bojayá posibilita que sus habitantes —antes invisibilizados— existan para el Otro de la nación y del escenario internacional.

International audience ; Reducing the study of the structural transformation of a country to that of its export profile leads in fact to retain only the liberal position from the "ideological-political duality" of possible positions on the role of international trade in development. Our perspective in this text is different. It does not aim at any form of reductionism, nor does it a priori privilege a model of industrialization in the name of a necessity given by the presumed truth of international markets. Our approach takes note of the strategic choices made by Morocco in favor of an industrialization through export promotion. It proposes to complete the analysis of the economic and political conditions of Moroccan industrialization by an in-depth study of the profile of Moroccan exports. For that purpose, we return in a first point on the role of foreign markets in the recent industrialization strategy of Morocco and draw up an inventory of the structural transformation (I). We then analyze the transformation of the export structure in support of the criteria of diversification and sophistication (II). We then mobilize data and criteria from the work on "product space" to analyze, in Morocco, the tenuous relationship between the transformation of the export profile and structural transformation (III). Clearly, Morocco has successfully seized the opportunities that productive globalization has offered and, in turn, has consolidated sectoral successes by exporting new, more sophisticated and, although still isolated in the Moroccan productive structure, much more centrally located in the product space (automobiles and electrical machinery). However, the risk of seeing an archipelago of export poles along the country's West Atlantic coast without significant impact on structural transformation seems real in view of Morocco's lack of accumulation of production capacity. Capital accumulation per worker, which is relatively low in Morocco, is struggling to improve over the period. As for total factor productivity, ...