Suchergebnisse

The paper considers the question how the Ost-Akademie in Lüneburg, Federal Republic of Germany, tackled the problems of West-East-relations in Germany and in Europe between 1952 and 2004. As an institute for political and cultural education on basis of the carried out research, the Academy worked with adult and young participants. It dealt with problems deriving from the special position of Germany after the defeat of National Socialist Germany and from German and European partition. In the initial years it took up the challenges connected with the expulsion of millions of Germans from the Eastern Prussian provinces. Afterwards it picked up the splitting between the Western and the Eastern zone of Germany, between FRG and GDR, and investigated the socialist development of the GDR. In the last years of the German partition it succeeded in establishing immediate encounter with everyday life in the GDR. After the end of the German partition and the end of the Cold War it engaged in bringing together unified Germany and its Eastern neighbours, Poland, Russia, the Baltic states, and the new emerging republics of the CIS. In this way the Academy could make a contribution to the development of understanding between citizens in Germany and in Central and Eastern Europe. Exactly that was the intention of the victors over National Socialism and of the new founded Federal Republic of Germany. ; Статья посвящена вопросу деятельности Академии «Восток» в Люнебурге (Западная Германия), которая в период с 1952 по 2004 гг. занималась актуальными проблемами отношений между Западом и Востоком Германии и Европы. Как институт политического и культурного образования и на основе собственных исследований Академия занималась с взрослыми и молодыми участниками проблемами, которые вытекали из особого положения Германии в Европе после крушения национал-социализма, раскола Германии и Европы. В первые годы своей работы она изучала проблемы, связанные с изгнанием миллионов немцев из провинций Восточной Пруссии, а затем специализацией Академии становится изучение ГДР и восточных соседей Германии в период европейской интеграции. После окончания холодной войны и воссоединения Германии Академия налаживала и развивала новые связи между Западом и Востоком: с Польшей, странами Балтии, Россией и другими странами СНГ. Таким образом, Академия внесла свой вклад во взаимопонимание между гражданами Германии и стран Центральной и Восточной Европы, что отвечало намерением победителей германского нацизма и лежало в основании новой Федеративной республики Германии.

The author studies the propagandistic activity of the Svoboda radio station during the Cold war period as related to Central Asian population. With reference to American archival data, the author describes the US effort to establish contacts with anticommunist associations, i.e. emigrants from Central Asia, and their strife to alter the political consciousness of the region.en ; Рассматривается пропагандистская деятельность радиостанции «Свобода» в эпоху «холодной войны» в отношении населения Среднеазиатского региона. На материалах американских архивохранилищ показаны усилия США по налаживанию контактов с объединениями антикоммунистов - эмигрантов из Средней Азии, стремление повлиять на политическое сознание населения региона.

Specific features of thermal regime of the rivers of the Debed River basin in the cold season (December - March) are considered, as well as the patterns of their temporal fluctuations. Characteristics of the space-time dynamics of air temperature are also presented in order to assess the response of thermal regime to climate change. Observations on water temperature of the rivers of the Debed River basin at 13 gauging stations and on air temperature at 6 meteorological stations were used as the initial data.A correlation was obtained between the average values of water temperature and the air temperature for December - March in the basin of the Debed River. It is shown that water temperature in the cold season is almost always higher than the air temperature. The lowest average monthly water temperature on all rivers is observed at the end of January. And it mainly increases downstream the rivers. For the period from 1964 to 2018 the average water temperature in the cold season ranges from 1,1 to 4,4°С.To calculate water temperatures over the unexplored river sections correlations were obtained between its values for the cold season and the areas of river basins, as well as between the average monthly values of water temperature during the cold period and during other time periods.During 1984-2018 there is a statistically significant increase in air and water temperatures at currently operating meteorological stations and gauging stations. And for the period 1964-1983, both an increase and a decrease in water and air temperatures were recorded, with a predominant increase.The results obtained can be used to calculate the heat flow, to consider the thermal regime of unexplored river basins, and to assess the hydroecological safety of the Debed River basin.