Suchergebnisse

Through collective action, forest users, fishers, irrigators, herders, and other rural producers improve and sustain resources vital for their lives. In cases where it has weakened or seems absent, citizens, non-government organizations (NGOs), and government agencies can work to stimulate, strengthen, or sustain collective action. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI4; CAPRi ; EPTD

Collective action is interpreted as a matter of people doing something together, and it is assumed that this involves their having a collective intention to do that thing together. The account of collective intention for which the author has argued elsewhere is presented. In terms that are explained, the parties are jointly committed to intend as a body that such-and-such. Collective action problems in the sense of rational choice theory—problems such as the various forms of coordination problem and the prisoner's dilemma—are then considered. An explanation is given of how, when such a problem is interpreted in terms of the parties' inclinations, a suitable collective intention resolves the problem for agents who are rational in a broad sense other than the technical sense of game theory.

32 pages.-- JEL-Classification: D70, D72, D74. ; We extend the model of collective action in which groups compete for a budged by endogenizing the group platform, namely the specific mixture of public/private good and the distribution of the private good to group members which can be uniform or performance-based. While the group-optimal platform contains a degree of publicness that increases in group size and divides the private benefits uniformly, a success-maximizing leader uses incentives and distorts the platform towards more private benefits - a distortion that increases with group size. In both settings we obtain the anti-Olson type result that win probability increases with group size. ; This paper is part of the Polarization and Con ict Project CIT-2-CT-2004-506084 funded by the European Commission-DG Research Sixth Framework Programme. J.E. is member of the Barcelona GSE Research Network funded by the Government of Catalonia. Financial support from the CICYT project n. SEJ2006-00369. E.H. acknowledges financial support from the CICYT project n. SEJ2006-01717 and the support of the Barcelona GSE Research Network and the government of Catalonia. ; Peer reviewed

AbstractThe ability to cooperate in collective action problems – such as those relating to the use of common property resources or the provision of local public goods – is a key determinant of economic performance. In this paper we discuss two aspects of collective action problems in developing countries. First, which institutions discourage opportunistic behaviour and promote cooperation? Second, what are the characteristics of the individuals involved that determine the degree to which they cooperate? We first review the evidence from field studies, laboratory experiments, and cross community studies. We then present new results from an individual level panel dataset of rural workers.

A review essay on books by (1) Margaret E. Keck & Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell U Press, 1998); (2) Dani Rodrik, Has Globalization Gone Too Far? (Washington, DC: Instit International Economics, 1997); & (3) Yasemin Nuhoglu Soysal, Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe (Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1994). Globalization studies have sparked lively debates about how the changing international environment has catalyzed collective action. This review of three agenda-setting books concludes that globalization's impact on collective action is more indeterminate than current scholarship suggests. Future research needs to parse out descriptive treatments of globalization from globalization as a causal framework & to pay greater attention to causal mechanisms, relevant cases, & politicization of identities to address better the structured & contingent relations among international processes, the state, & collective action. Adapted from the source document.

This book explains why the global community has been successful in correcting some recent large-scale problems, but has failed in addressing others. The analysis reaches from antibiotic-resistant microbes to greenhouse gases, from civil wars to international terrorism, and from the polluted atmospheres of cities to the depths of outer space