Suchergebnisse

Translation and interpreting have been a part of the Colombian cultural and political spheres from much longer before what we now know as the Republic of Colombia ever existed. In this article, we will present an overview of the most relevant events, practices, and agents throughout the history of translation in this Latin American country. Tracing the history of translation in Colombia requires work along different lines, which may give an account of both translational practice itself and of those who have documented this practice, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Our first line of work, then, will involve historical work, entailing the documentation of practices of translation and interpreting in the national territory. A second line of work, from a historiographical perspective, will offer an account of the work presented by scholars at different points in time to document or study Colombian translations. Our third line of work is historical-discursive in nature, and will present the discourses that have taken translation as their object, particularly as it has an impact on the social, cultural, political, scientific, and literary spheres of Colombian life. Finally, we will present academic works that approach translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies, a line of work that we have termed translatological. By offering this overview, we intend to present the state of the art of translation history and historiography in Colombia. It is our ultimate purpose to provide an assessment of the practices and discourses surrounding translation so as to determine the various functions that this activity has had in the different spheres of Colombian culture.

Colombia's oil history began in 1918 and reached its golden era at the end of the 1980s. Regulation in the oil industry changed several times since 1974, mainly responding to the discoveries made. Although agreed contract terms have been honored for oil fields allocated in the past, regulation instability has affected long term the relationships with private investors, since new conditions were imposed for future contracts. Once too onerous conditions, too low prices and international competition drove investors away from the country, regulation was softened. Recently, the Colombian government has improved contractual terms and made tributary and royalty conditions more attractive to private investors. The important discoveries made in the last two decades led Colombia to an expenditure spiral, paired with a huge fiscal deficit and a high public debt, drastically changing a seven decade long record of fiscal stability. The cycle of cheap-expensive oil has exhibited a full swing, and although exploration contracts and investment have increased, no important discoveries have been made, revealing a complicated geology that might pose a challenge to the country's hydrocarbons' self-sufficiency. ; La historia petrolera de Colombia empezó en 1918, y alcanzó su era dorada el final de los años ochenta. La regulación de la industria petrolera cambió en varias ocasiones desde 1974, principalmente en respuesta a los nuevos descubrimientos. Aunque los términos de los contratos firmados han sido honrados por las autoridades para campos petroleros asignados a compañías privadas, la inestabilidad regulatoria ha afectado la relación de largo plazo con los inversionistas privados, dado que nuevas condiciones fueron desarrolladas para los nuevos campos. Una vez las condiciones demasiado onerosas, los precios bajos y la competencia internacional ahuyentaron a los inversionistas, la regulación fue suavizada. Recientemente el gobierno ha mejorado los términos contractuales, hecho más atractivas las condiciones tributarias y de regalías para inversionistas privados. Los importantes descubrimientos hechos en las últimas dos décadas llevaron a Colombia a un espiral de gasto público, acompañado de altos déficit y deuda pública, cambiando drásticamente un récord de siete décadas de estabilidad fiscal. El ciclo de petróleo barato-caro ha completado una ondulación completa, y aunque los contratos de exploración e inversión se han incrementado, no se han hecho importantes descubrimientos, lo cual revela una geología complicada que puede presentar desafíos para la auto-suficiencia energética del país.

This work is structured based on the results obtained from the discussion groups, a methodology that was used with the purpose of broadening, complementing and deepening the opinions expressed by students belonging to the so-called ethnic minorities. That is, reference is made here, based on qualitative information, to how these subjects live the intercultural world present in the university, which in this case goes beyond statistical and / or mathematical data, and which in practice allowed contrast the information collected through the instruments designed ; Este trabajo se estructura a partir de los resultados obtenidos de los grupos de discusión, metodología que fue utilizada con el propósito de ampliar, complementar y profundizar las opiniones expresadas por los estudiantes pertenecientes a las llamadas minorías étnicas. Es decir, aquí se hace referencia, a partir de la información cualitativa, a cómo viven estos sujetos el mundo intercultural presente en la universidad, lo cual en este caso va más allá del dato estadístico y/o matemático, y que en la práctica permitió contrastar las informaciones recopiladas a través de los instrumentos diseñados

This article reviews the history and present situation of the relations between the European Union and Colombia in its political and economic dimensions. It analyzes the way in which the position of the EU has stayed constant as far as considering that the Colombian conflicts are caused by the inequalities and the poverty, in spite of the pressures of the United States, that have defended more unilateralist and military positions on the matter, positions with that some communitarian partners have even aligned themselves. In front of previous studies, it is pleaded explicitly for a balance that insists on the positive and constructive aspects, coherent with a scene in process of creation and extension, like the European one, although without resigning to value it from a critical perspectiva. ; Este artículo revisa la historia y situación actual de las relaciones Unión Europea- Colombia en sus dimensiones política y económica. Analiza el modo en que la posición de la UE se ha mantenido constante en cuanto a su consideración de que los conflictos en el país andino se deben a las desigualdades y la pobreza, a pesar de las presiones de Estados Unidos, que ha defendido posturas más unilateralistas y militares al respecto, e incluso de que algunos socios comunitarios se hayan alineado con ellas. Frente a estudios anteriores se aboga explícitamente por un balance que haga hincapié en los aspectos positivos y constructivos, coherentes con los de un escenario en proceso de creación y ampliación como es el europeo, aunque sin renunciar a valorarlo con una perspectiva crítica.

Este texto resalta la manifestación de los jóvenes a través de movimientos estudiantiles con el paso del tiempo, desde la década de los 60 con la influencia de los movimientos sociales a nivel mundial, hasta las manifestaciones estudiantiles recientes. A su vez, refleja a nivel legislativo los derechos y deberes de los jóvenes para que puedan participar políticamente, así como sus últimas manifestaciones a través de las redes sociales. La reflexión final permite entender que en Colombia los movimientos se manifiestan constantemente en los territorios, dejando de lado la universidad como única institución de construcción de participación juvenil. ; This text highlights the manifestation of young people through student movements over time, from the 1960s with the influence of social movements worldwide, to recent student demonstrations. At the same time, it reflects at the legislative level the rights and duties of young people to participate politically, as well as their latest manifestations through social networks. The final reflection allows us to understand that in Colombia the movements are constantly manifesting themselves in the territories, leaving aside the university as the only institution for the construction of youth participation.

This paper shows the second part of the Colombian Police history as an institution of social control in Colombia since 1920 through historical-critical research model. The research was developing according with the five milestones in the Colombia history to analyze the national police relationship with (1) the labor movements, (2) bipartisan regional disputes, (3) the external conflict, (4) progressive policies and (5) in a time of violence facts. By the end, the conclusion of this work is that the influence the police in the exercise of social, political and partisan control in various stages of Colombia history. ; El presente artículo hace parte de una exploración histórico-crítica de la institución policial en su función de control social en Colombia en el periodo 1920-1949. Dicha exploración se ha efectuado mediante el estudio de cinco hitos históricos directamente relacionados con la Policía Nacional: analizando su relación con los movimientos sociolaborales, las disputas bipartidistas regionales, el conflicto exterior, las políticas reformistas liberales, y primeras manifestaciones de la época de la violencia. De dicho análisis se infiere la influencia desplegada por la institución policial en el ejercicio del control social en diversos campos del devenir histórico de Colombia.

El presente texto es producto de la articulación de resultados
de investigaciónque se retomaron recientemente, al
interior de una Red académica, la Red Interuniversitaria
por la Paz (REDIPAZ-Colombia), desde donde se ha intencionado
estrechar lazos en campos investigativos comunes, en este
caso, referente a investigaciones en torno a un campo temático
común: la violencia paramilitar en Colombia, sus orígenes,
consecuencias, relaciones con lo público y lo privado, influencia
en la configuración y reconfiguraciones de los territorios.
Este texto es el tercero de una secuencia de publicaciones
realizadas en la modalidad de red que ahondaron en la problemática
de las victimizaciones, destrucción del tejido social,
control territorial y su derivado cultural publicadas entre
2009 (Victimas violencia y despojo) y 2010 (víctimas en contexto
de violencia e impunidad caso Medellín). Cada una de
las investigaciones parte de las reflexiones y hallazgos de las
anteriores.

In this book, Marco Palacios explores the history of Colombia as a coffee-producer, and the implications that coffee has had for its economy, society, and politics since the middle of the nineteenth century. He provides a history of the commercialization of the crop, and relates it to the general evolution of Colombian society, an evolution often determined by coffee even in areas remote from the crop itself. The book also covers the development of the specific institutions that have been set up to manage coffee affairs, and their role in the Colombian state. Since the last quarter of the nineteenth century coffee has been the mainstay of the Colombian economy, and no historian, economist, or sociologist interested in the country can escape its importance; nor can anyone interested in the commodity ignore Colombia. This is the first work on the subject to appear in English

A bastard middle class -- An irresistible democracy -- The productive wealth of this country -- Beyond capital and labor -- In the middle of the mess -- A revolution for a democratic middle-class society -- A real revolution, a real democracy -- Democracy : the most important gift to the world.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Praise for Recentralisation in Colombia -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Look Who's Back: Recentralisation in Colombia -- Colombia's Recentralisation in Brief -- Some Methodological Considerations -- Plan for the Rest of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Recentralisation Around the World: Economic, Political and Administrative Explanations -- Economic Approach: From Russia's 1998 Crisis to Cardoso's Stabilisation Policies in Brazil -- Political Approach: Putin, Chavez and Friends? -- Administrative Approach: From Bolivian Roads and Chinese Environmental Governance to Afghan Security Issues -- The Empirical Puzzles -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: An Interactive and Cross-Temporal Framework to Explain Recentralisation -- Recentralisation -- The Key Argument -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Before the Recentralisation Trend in Colombia -- Colombia -- A Brief History of Colombia's Subnational Issues -- The Emergence of the Predominantly Decentralised Institutional Context -- Fiscal Decentralisation Reforms -- Political Decentralisation Reforms -- Administrative Decentralisation Reforms -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: No Economic Crisis in a Decentralised Context: The Samper Administration (1994-1998) -- Recentralisation Attempts -- A New Revenue-Sharing System? -- New Set of Conditions to Obtain Loans in the Financial Market -- Concurrent Elections? -- Modest GDP Growth and Empowered Subnational Authorities -- Self-Reinforcing Dynamics -- No Incentives to Modify the Revenue-Sharing System of 1991 -- The "Obtainable" Reform -- First Rejection to a Political Recentralisation Reform -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: An Economic Crisis in a Descentralised Context: The Pastrana Administration (1998-2002).

This book provides an original and exciting analysis of Colombian women's writing and its relationship to feminist history from the 1970s to the present. In a period in which questions surrounding women and gender are often sidelined in the academic arena, it argues that feminism has been an important and intrinsic part of contemporary Colombian history. Focusing on understudied literary and non-literary texts written by Colombian women, it traces the particularities of Colombian feminism, showing how it has been closely entwined with left-wing politics and the country's history of violence. This book therefore rethinks the place of feminism in Latin American history and its relationship to feminisms elsewhere, challenging many of the predominant critical paradigms used to understand Latin American literature and culture

This paper shows the second part of the Colombian Police history as an institution of social control in Colombia since 1920 through historical-critical research model. The research was developing according with the five milestones in the Colombia history to analyze the national police relationship with (1) the labor movements, (2) bipartisan regional disputes, (3) the external conflict, (4) progressive policies and (5) in a time of violence facts. By the end, the conclusion of this work is that the influence the police in the exercise of social, political and partisan control in various stages of Colombia history. ; El presente artículo hace parte de una exploración histórico-crítica de la institución policial en su función de control social en Colombia en el periodo 1920-1949. Dicha exploración se ha efectuado mediante el estudio de cinco hitos históricos directamente relacionados con la Policía Nacional: analizando su relación con los movimientos sociolaborales, las disputas bipartidistas regionales, el conflicto exterior, las políticas reformistas liberales, y primeras manifestaciones de la época de la violencia. De dicho análisis se infiere la influencia desplegada por la institución policial en el ejercicio del control social en diversos campos del devenir histórico de Colombia.