Suchergebnisse

The author reflects on Dag Strpic's book Karl Marx and the Political Economy of Modernity, in particular on the part in which Strpic laid out the scientific results of his research into the applicability of Marx's critique of political economy from the viewpoint of commodity production on the theoretical level of "capital in general". Furthermore, she draws attention to Strpic's discussion of the causes of appearance of various forms of globalizing modern totalitarianisms (political and corporate), which can also be recognized in the contemporary neo-liberal order. This is so in spite of the fact that the latter is legitimized theoretically and ideologically as liberal, and that, in principle, it has retained its form of modern development. Adapted from the source document.

Resource management by a national economy is of great significance for every country. If they are deficient then they should be purchased abroad. Oil & oil derivatives are the energy resources that are in shortest supply in Serbia. The statistical data on its foreign trade in the period January-July 2008 show that Serbia recorded the greatest foreign deficit in its trade with the Russian Federation. This primarily results from its energy resources imports. Russia is Serbia's most important partner in strategic commodities supply. For this reason the measures for abolishing or decreasing the oil export duties would considerably reduce the production costs in our economy. This would lead to an improvement in a large number of our economic branches. References. Adapted from the source document.

Protectionism is a system of measures used for the purpose of protecting domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. It has emerged simultaneously with the international exchange of goods. The contemporary protectionist policy and practice imposes the necessity of studying this phenomenon in the light of the current situation and conditions. Agricultural protectionism seems to be a particularly significant issue in the international exchange of commodities. ; Protekcionizam označava sustav mjera ekonomske države sa ciljem zaštite domaće proizvodnje u odnosu na konkurenciju inozemnih proizvođača. Javlja se nakon pojave međunarodne razmjene. Međutim, suvremena protekcionistička politika i praksa obavezuje da se istražuje fenomen protekcionizma u suvremenim uvjetima. Posebno je u suvremenoj teoriji za međunarodnu razmjenu značajan agrarni protekcionizam.

The privatization of electronic media in the Republic of Croatia, particularly of the radio, has brought about a plethora of thematic changes in the content of broadcasts. Entering the market has turned many radio programs into "commodities"; radio stations increasingly need competent salesmen more than journalists. Survival in the market depends solely on the profits from commercials (advertising). Are commercial radio stations in the near future going to need journalists at all, or only good entertainers? Who are the radio-stations' employees & editors? Are the people working on the radio soon to become redundant? The study on this topic was conducted in 1997 at 80 local Croatian radio stations. 7 Tables, 5 References. Adapted from the source document.

The paper deals with the protection of the private and public spheres in surveillance capitalism. Predictions on consumer behaviour or the so-called behavioural surpluses are extracted from the set of collected (big) data of users/consumers from the so-called digital footprints, which become intelligence data, commodities on the data market. In addition to predicting user behaviour, various behavioural techniques push, or nudge users in a particular desired consumer or political direction or action, or dark nudge techniques when it comes to unauthorized data collection on users in the digital sphere. Surveiling and nudging users is done in the range from caring for their health, well-being and benefits, as well as general and public well-being, to encouraging expenditure, desired behaviour or voting in the desired direction of subjects who create such incentives (corporations, political parties, governments, etc.). The subject of the paper is based on behavioural economics which has introduced behavioural techniques in the field of public policy. The author proposes conceptual model of protective and active approach in the era of surveillance capitalism in the private and public spheres. An overview of the current digital regulation in the EU is given, and the need for further development of the legislative framework that will regulate the issues of supervision and protection of privacy and user data is pointed out. ; Rad se bavi zaštitom privatne i javne sfere u nadzirućem kapitalizmu. Iz skupa prikupljenih (big data) podataka korisnika/potrošača iz tzv. digitalnih otisaka ekstrahiraju se predviđanja o ponašanju korisnika ili tzv. bihevioralni višak koja postaju izvjesnice (intelligence podaci), roba na tržištu podataka. Osim predviđanja ponašanja korisnika, različitim se bihevioralnim tehnikama korisnike "gura" ili "potiče" (nudge) u određenom željenom potrošačkom ili političkom smjeru ili djelovanju, a kada je riječ o neovlaštenom prikupljanju podataka o korisnicima u digitalnoj sferi, radi se o dark nudge ...

Ubrzani razvoj nekonvencionalnih ležišta nafte u SAD-u započeo je 2010. godine, uz naredno petogodišnje razdoblje sa stabilnim i relativno visokim cijenama nafte na tržištu. Tijekom toga relativno kratkoga perioda ekspanzije došlo je do znatnijih promjena u kapitalnim i operativnim troškovima zbog neprestanoga tehnološkog napretka u bušenju i opremanju, rastu pratećega naftno-servisnog sektora te povoljnijega financiranja projekata uz državnu politiku monetarnoga popuštanja. U radu su analizirani trendovi u troškovima razvoja nekonvencionalnih ležišta te ovisnost kretanja cijene nafte (WTI – West Texas Intermediate) o intenzitetu broja aktivnih bušotina i ukupnim proizvodnim kvotama s najvećih ležišta nekonvencionalne nafte. Nakon svjetske financijske krize iz 2008./2009. ekonomski oporavak u SAD-u bio je donekle usporen, što je uzrokovalo ekstremnu volatilnost na dioničkim i robnim tržištima. U takvim nesigurnim uvjetima dnevna kretanja cijena nafte te vrijednosti dionica i roba pokazuju znatno reagiranje na periodične izvještaje o promjenama glavnih makroekonomskih indikatora kao glavnih pokazatelja trenda ekonomskoga oporavka. Prije nego što državne institucije objave takve izvještaje, postoje i predviđanja vrijednosti indikatora temeljem anketa među ekonomskim analitičarima i očekivanim trendovima. Stoga, bilo kakvo pozitivno ili negativno iznenađenje prilikom objave stvarnih podataka u odnosu na predviđeno utječe na dnevno kretanje cijene nafte. U ovome radu statistički su analizi rani utjecaji takvih promjena u makroekonomskim indikatorima na dnevnu završnu cijenu nafte te utjecaj ostalih važnijih burzovnih indeksa u SAD-u. Analiza je pokazala da od makroekonomskih indikatora najveći utjecaj na dnevne pomake u cijeni nafte ima indeks industrijskih proizvođačkih cijena (PPI – Producer Price Index) kao temeljni indeks pokazatelja inflacije. ; Large scale development of tight oil resources in US started after 2010. with following five-year period of favorable steady increase in crude oil price. During this relatively short expansion cycle, operating and capital expenses changed drastically for main tight oil plays due to technological improvements in both well drilling and completion, expansion of service sector as well as loose government monetary policy which allowed favorable financing. This paper analyzed trends in costs during expansion period, as well as correlation of oil price to number of operating rigs and production quotas. After 2008/2009. world financial crisis economy recovery in US was somewhat sluggish and it caused extreme volatile environment in both equity and commodity markets. In such volatile environment intra-day crude oil prices, as well as other commodities and equities, show significant reaction to monthly published macroeconomic indicator reports, which give better overviews of trends in economic recovery. Prior to announcement, these reports always have forecasted value determined by consensus among market analysts. Therefore, any positive or negative surprise in real value tends to influence price of oil. This paper investigated influence of such macroeconomic reports to closing intraday oil price, as well as effect of other important daily market indices. Analysis showed that only Producer Price Index (PPI), among other indicators, has statistical significance of affecting intraday closing oil price.

Research background. The presence of insect fragments is one of the major constrains in stored food commodities and it causes considerable loss in the quality of the produce. The management of the pest is viewed as a huge challenge in foodprocessingindustry. Conventionally, the detection of Tribolium castenaum in the food processing industry is carried out by acid hydrolysis and staining methods that are time consuming and lack precision. Experimental approach. Considering the importance of a quick and effective method, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based approach was developed and elucidated in this study. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene was identified as a target due to its abundance in the pest. Specific primers were designed against the target gene by Primer Premier software and amplified in a qPCR. Results and conclusions. This method is capable of detecting all the ontogenic stages of T. castaneum in stored wheat flour. Earlier experiments had demonstrated that about 20 µg of DNA can be obtained from 2.2 mg of insects. To quantify the infestation levels, the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained from known samples were subjected to regression analysis and expressed as adult equivalents. In the unknown samples, the infestation was calculated as 1.74 and 0.046 adult insects in 5 g of wheat flour. The maximum permissible limit of insect fragments in flour is 75 insect fragments or approx. 3 adults per 50 g of flour as per the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hence, by adopting this new method, it is possible for the warehouse operators to arrive at a decision to proceed with efficient management practices where wheat flour is stored. Also, this method can be ratified by government agencies associated with international business to ascertain whether the wheat flour meets the standards set by the respective country before subjecting to foreign trade. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study is the first of its kind in the detection and quantification of T. castaneum in milled products. So far, only conventional methods have been employed to assess the presence of the pests and manual counting of fragments are practiced to quantify the infestation levels. The developed qPCR method is faster, reliable and can be employed in milling industries, bakery industries, food processing plants and foreign trade units for critical detection and quantification of T. castaneum pest infestation. ; Pozadina istraživanja. Prisutnost dijelova insekata u namirnicama jedno je od glavnih ograničenja pri njihovom skladištenju, te uzrokuje velike gubitke u kvaliteti proizvoda. Suzbijanje štetnika predstavlja velik izazov u prehrambenoj industriji. Tradicionalno se prisutnost kestenjastog brašnara (Tribolium castaneum) u prehrambenim proizvodima utvrđuje kiselinskom hidrolizom i metodom bojanja, koje su dugotrajne i neprecizne. Eksperimentalni pristup. Uzevši u obzir potrebu za primjenom brze i učinkovite metode određivanja prisutnosti T. castaeneum u brašnu, u radu je razvijena i opisana kvantitativna metoda koja se temelji na lančanoj reakciji polimerazom u stvarnom vremenu (qRT-PCR). Kao ciljni gen odabran je mitohondrijski gen za podjedinicu 1 citokrom c oksidaze (mtCOI) zbog njegove rasprostranjenosti u nametniku. Pomoću kompjuterskog softvera Primer Premier izrađene su početnice za umnožavanje DNA ciljane vrste metodom qRT-PCR. Rezultati i zaključci. Ovom se metodom može identificirati kestenjasti brašnar (T. castaneum) u svim fazama ontogeneze u uskladištenom brašnu. Prijašnji su eksperimenti pokazali da se iz 2,2 mg kukaca može izdvojiti otprilike 20 µg DNA. Za utvrđivanje opsega zaraze provedena je regresijska analiza broja ciklusa (Ct-vrijednost) potrebnih za određivanje poznatih uzoraka, a rezultati su izraženi kao broj odraslih kukaca. U nepoznatim je uzorcima izračunat stupanj zaraze od 1,74 odnosno 0,046 odraslih insekata u 5 g pšeničnog brašna. Prema regulativi Američke agencije za hranu i lijekove (engl. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), najveći dopušteni broj dijelova insekata u brašnu je 75, odnosno otprilike 3 odrasla kukca u 50 kg brašna. Pomoću ove nove metode voditelji skladišta mogu donijeti odluku o tome gdje skladištiti brašno, te učinkovito provoditi plan suzbijanja ovog nametnika. Također, državne agencije koje posreduju u međunarodnom poslovanju mogu temeljem ove metode utvrditi zadovoljava li kakvoća proizvedenog pšeničnog brašna standarde zemalja kojima se ono isporučuje. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem je utvrđena količina kestenjastog brašnara T. castaneum u mljevenim žitaricama. Dosad su korištene samo konvencionalne metode utvrđivanja prisustva nametnika u brašnu, a opseg zaraze je određivan ručnim brojanjem dijelova insekata. Nova qRT-PCR metoda je brža, pouzdanija i može se koristiti u mlinarskoj i pekarskoj industriji, pogonima za preradu hrane i pri međunarodnoj trgovini za utvrđivanje opsega zaraze kestenjastim brašnarom.