The advent and spread of Internet and the Web have radically transformed the modes of communication. This book considers a particular ambit of online communication, namely that of science. In the first place, the author reconstructs the circumstances that gave rise to the modern system of scientific communication, and the qualitative and quantitative tools for scientific evaluation. After this, the analysis concentrates on the history, philosophy and architecture of the Web from its inception through to the most recent developments of both a technical (Semantic Web) and a socio-cultural kind (Web 2.0). Finally an open and democratic model for scientific communication is projected and proposed, made possible through the use of transparent, accessible and distributed tools.
La comunicazione della scienza e il public engagement nella scienza sono stati ripetutamente invocati negli ultimi anni, in particolare durante la pandemia di COVID-19. Le Accademie svizzere delle scienze hanno istituito il gruppo di esperte ed esperti «Communicating Sciences and Arts in Times of Digital Media» affidandogli un duplice mandato: effettuare una valutazione sistematica ad ampio raggio dello stato della comunicazione della scienza e del public engagement in Svizzera e identificare possibili miglioramenti ed elaborare raccomandazioni per la loro realizzazione. Le raccomandazioni sono compilate nella presente brochure. Esse si concentrano sul ruolo dei singoli scienziati, sulla comunicazione scientifica istituzionale, sul giornalismo scientifico e su altri aspetti e sono destinate agli stakeholder e ai decisori nella scienza e nelle università, nelle organizzazioni di finanziamento, nel mondo politico e nelle testate mediatiche. ; Accademie svizzere delle scienze (2021) Migliorare la comunicazione della scienza e il public engagement nella scienza in Svizzera. Raccomandazioni del gruppo di esperte ed esperti «Communicating Sciences and Arts in Times of Digital Media» In Science in the Swiss Public. The State of Science Communication and Public Engagement with Science in Switzerland. Swiss Academies Reports 16 (8).
Obiettivo dell'articolo è fare il punto della situazione sui curricula universitari di scienze della comunicazione (SdC) inItalia sia in termini di offerta formativa a livello di personale docente e di strutture (dipartimenti, corsi di studio) siaper quanto riguarda la popolazione studentesca e le relative prospettive occupazionali. Il quadro che emerge è di unarealtà piuttosto in chiaroscuro: il decennio 2004-2013 ha visto l'esaurirsi della fase espansiva dei corsi di laurea inscienze della comunicazione, cionondimeno i laureati del settore continuano a far registrare prospettive occupazionalicomplessivamente migliori rispetto all'insieme degli altri laureati nelle discipline politico-sociali. Più consistenti elementiproblematici si riscontrano sul piano della sostenibilità dell'offerta formativa di SdC, a testimonianza delle perdurantidifficoltà che incontrano le culture mediologiche ad ottenere cittadinanza e legittimazione all'interno dei saperiaccreditati presso la cittadella universitaria.The aims of our paper was to evaluate higher education in media and communication sciences in Italy, taking intoaccount the whole education offering in this field as well as the socio-demographic features and job opportunities of itsgraduates. It is a picture somewhat in contrast: in ten-year period 2004-2013, despite the students enrolled at theuniversity courses in media studies and communication sciences were significantly reduced compared to previousdecade, nevertheless their levels of employment are still the highest among those of graduates in the other social andpolitical sciences. In summary, we examined the cultural reasons that would explain some persistent difficulties facedby media culture in order to gain citizenship among the valued knowledge provided by higher education.
National audience ; Despite the large literature that psychology has provided during the last 30 years about fiscal evasion, so far scarce attention has been given to social communication campaigns on tax compliance. The present study aims to provide a first exploration on the subject, with the objective of better understanding how social communication campaigns might deal with the topic of tax compliance, using as a theoretical background the Slippery Slope Framework. The exploration relies on qualitative methods, and it is based on a semiotic approach in two steps: first, an analysis of the strategies realized in two tv-ads promoted by the Italian Government in 2011 to contrast tax evasion; second, an analysis of the reactions to the tv-ads as expressed by citizens in social media (YouTube). Results discuss two main communicative strategies (ethical and punitive) that can be adopted to approach tax evasion, coherently with the dimensions of the Slippery Slope Framework. ; Riassunto. Nonostante l'ampia letteratura psicologica prodotta negli ultimi 30 anni sull'evasione fiscale, ad oggi il tema delle campagne di comunicazione sulla tax compliance ha ricevuto scarsa attenzione. Questo studio mira a compiere una prima esplorazione sul tema, per meglio comprendere come la comunicazione sociale possa affrontare il tema dell'ottemperanza fiscale, all'interno della cornice teorica offerta dallo slippery slope framework. La ricerca si basa su un approccio semiotico in due fasi: a) un'analisi di due spot televisivi contro l'evasione fiscale realizzate dal Governo italiano nel 2011; b) l'analisi delle reazioni dei cittadini ai due spot riscontrabili su uno dei principali social media (YouTube). I risultati consentono la discussione di due strategie comunicative (etica e punitiva) che, in coerenza con le dimensioni dello slippery slope framework, possono essere adottate nel caso dell'evasione fiscale.
National audience ; Despite the large literature that psychology has provided during the last 30 years about fiscal evasion, so far scarce attention has been given to social communication campaigns on tax compliance. The present study aims to provide a first exploration on the subject, with the objective of better understanding how social communication campaigns might deal with the topic of tax compliance, using as a theoretical background the Slippery Slope Framework. The exploration relies on qualitative methods, and it is based on a semiotic approach in two steps: first, an analysis of the strategies realized in two tv-ads promoted by the Italian Government in 2011 to contrast tax evasion; second, an analysis of the reactions to the tv-ads as expressed by citizens in social media (YouTube). Results discuss two main communicative strategies (ethical and punitive) that can be adopted to approach tax evasion, coherently with the dimensions of the Slippery Slope Framework. ; Riassunto. Nonostante l'ampia letteratura psicologica prodotta negli ultimi 30 anni sull'evasione fiscale, ad oggi il tema delle campagne di comunicazione sulla tax compliance ha ricevuto scarsa attenzione. Questo studio mira a compiere una prima esplorazione sul tema, per meglio comprendere come la comunicazione sociale possa affrontare il tema dell'ottemperanza fiscale, all'interno della cornice teorica offerta dallo slippery slope framework. La ricerca si basa su un approccio semiotico in due fasi: a) un'analisi di due spot televisivi contro l'evasione fiscale realizzate dal Governo italiano nel 2011; b) l'analisi delle reazioni dei cittadini ai due spot riscontrabili su uno dei principali social media (YouTube). I risultati consentono la discussione di due strategie comunicative (etica e punitiva) che, in coerenza con le dimensioni dello slippery slope framework, possono essere adottate nel caso dell'evasione fiscale.
The resistance and hesitancy towards vaccination guidelines - suggested, or sometimes imposed, by state health systems - is not a widespread phenomenon that began in the Internet age. Instead, this outlook was already present in the complex history of the previous centuries of medical institutions and state, political and health decisions, official communications and popular beliefs. This article helps to frame and discuss some of the elements underlying the "bottom-up" processing of biomedicine rejection: social and individualistic drives, information and science sharing issues.
"Justification du tirage. Édition anglaise. 270 exemplaires numérotés sur papier à main (nos. 1 à 270) 20 exemplaires sur papier de luxe à main (nos. 1 à 20)." ; "Architectural part by Ernest M. Hʹebrard . assisted by Jean Hʹebrard." ; "Phototypy by Augusto Danesi, typographical impression by Ricardo Garroni." ; Forms a sequel to the work of similar title published by the compiler in 1913. ; "Copyright by Hendrik Christian Andersen, 1918." ; pt. I. A world centre of communication. Legan arguement from the Positive science of government by Umano, former Italian judge [translated by Olivia Cushing Andersen]--pt. II. A world centre of communication. Economic advantages; a report compiled by Jeremiah W. Jenks.--Appendices [list of official international conferrences and private international congresses and associations, co,piled largely from Annuaire de la vie internationale, and La vie internationale; tables showing the expenditures of different countries for international activities, etc.] ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Environ Dsgn fHN17.A62: ENVI Rare
Citizen science (CS), "citizen science" or "participatory science", refers to the participation and active involvement of citizens in scientific research activities. While CS includes natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry and physics, and citizen social science deals with societies, citizen humanities apply to historical, literary, linguistic and philosophical disciplines. Digital public history, due to its public, participatory and collaborative vocation in a digital context, presents itself as one of the privileged fields of application of citizen humanities. The added value of citizen humanities depends primarily on two conditions underlying the digital public history: the participation of historians who do not come from the academy in the creation of collaborative projects and the communication of the results of historical research to the public on the network. The article intends to reflect on how collaborative writing, made possible by wiki tools, can be an excellent starting point for a participatory democracy that is located in the wake of citizen humanities. ; La citizen science (CS), "scienza dei cittadini" o "scienza partecipata", indica la partecipazione e il coinvolgimento attivo dei cittadini in attività di ricerca scientifica. Mentre la CS include le scienze naturali, come la biologia, la chimica e la fisica e la citizen social science si occupa delle società, le citizen humanities si applicano alle discipline storiche, letterarie, linguistiche e filosofiche. La digital public history, per la sua vocazione pubblica, partecipativa e collaborativa in un contesto digitale, si presenta come uno dei campi di applicazione privilegiata dalle citizen humanities . Il valore aggiunto delle citizen humanities dipende primariamente da due condizioni alla base della digital public history: la partecipazione degli storici che non provengono dall'accademia alla creazione di progetti collaborativi e la comunicazione dei risultati della ricerca storica al pubblico della rete. L'articolo intende riflettere su come la scrittura collaborativa, resa possibile dagli strumenti wiki, possa costituire un ottimo punto di partenza per una democrazia partecipata che si situi nel solco delle citizen humanities.
The article is a transcript of a conversation with Andrew Chadwick about his latest book "The Hybrid Media System. Politics and Power" (Oxford University Press, 2013). Andrew Chadwick is professor of Political Science and Co-Director of the New Political Communication Unit in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Royal Holloway, University of London. Starting from the thesis developed in the book, Chadwick argues that we should stop studying digital and older media "in isolation"; on the contrary, according to the British scholar, it is time to adopt "hybridity" as a guiding principle for reconfiguring our understanding of contemporary media systems.
The starting point from which this work originated is to understand and investigate the problem of inequality, from a sociological perspective, through the gender category and specifically in science. The difference in the number of women at the highest level (and not only) of professional hierarchies in science (universities, laboratories, research centers, institutions) is a reality. Our research aims to investigate the mechanisms through which gender inequality operates in the scientific world and, to achieve this goal, we have used a case study considered particularly important and useful, that of the For Women and Science Award, an important international recognition dedicated to women who work in science. After defining the theoretical horizon which constitutes the context of the thematics of our research, we have realised a secondary analysis of data and then, we have developed and submitted the award's winners to a structured interview, integrating, in this way, the preparatory study phase with the direct voice of the protagonists. The core of the research is represented by the case study of the L'Oréal's Award, which has permitted to establish a direct dialogue with the scientists who have succeeded in science and therefore it has helped us to highlight some of the key dynamics responsible of inequality. On one hand, the Award's case study reflects how the presence of women in the scientific world is still perceived as a phenomenon to be underlined, therefore, in certain aspects, to be protected, showing that gender equality in science must not be taken for granted, but rather as an objective to be pursued with perseverance and determination. On the other hand, it stresses that scientific research has become - as the European Community has not failed to highlight and as the literature underlines - a constitutive aspect of a developed society and of its economic and political dynamics. We may wonder: why a multinational has decided to invest in an area apparently so far from its own sector? How is the ...
The starting point from which this work originated is to understand and investigate the problem of inequality, from a sociological perspective, through the gender category and specifically in science. The difference in the number of women at the highest level (and not only) of professional hierarchies in science (universities, laboratories, research centers, institutions) is a reality. Our research aims to investigate the mechanisms through which gender inequality operates in the scientific world and, to achieve this goal, we have used a case study considered particularly important and useful, that of the For Women and Science Award, an important international recognition dedicated to women who work in science. After defining the theoretical horizon which constitutes the context of the thematics of our research, we have realised a secondary analysis of data and then, we have developed and submitted the award's winners to a structured interview, integrating, in this way, the preparatory study phase with the direct voice of the protagonists. The core of the research is represented by the case study of the L'Oréal's Award, which has permitted to establish a direct dialogue with the scientists who have succeeded in science and therefore it has helped us to highlight some of the key dynamics responsible of inequality. On one hand, the Award's case study reflects how the presence of women in the scientific world is still perceived as a phenomenon to be underlined, therefore, in certain aspects, to be protected, showing that gender equality in science must not be taken for granted, but rather as an objective to be pursued with perseverance and determination. On the other hand, it stresses that scientific research has become - as the European Community has not failed to highlight and as the literature underlines - a constitutive aspect of a developed society and of its economic and political dynamics. We may wonder: why a multinational has decided to invest in an area apparently so far from its own sector? How is the ...
The starting point from which this work originated is to understand and investigate the problem of inequality, from a sociological perspective, through the gender category and specifically in science. The difference in the number of women at the highest level (and not only) of professional hierarchies in science (universities, laboratories, research centers, institutions) is a reality. Our research aims to investigate the mechanisms through which gender inequality operates in the scientific world and, to achieve this goal, we have used a case study considered particularly important and useful, that of the For Women and Science Award, an important international recognition dedicated to women who work in science. After defining the theoretical horizon which constitutes the context of the thematics of our research, we have realised a secondary analysis of data and then, we have developed and submitted the award's winners to a structured interview, integrating, in this way, the preparatory study phase with the direct voice of the protagonists. The core of the research is represented by the case study of the L'Oréal's Award, which has permitted to establish a direct dialogue with the scientists who have succeeded in science and therefore it has helped us to highlight some of the key dynamics responsible of inequality. On one hand, the Award's case study reflects how the presence of women in the scientific world is still perceived as a phenomenon to be underlined, therefore, in certain aspects, to be protected, showing that gender equality in science must not be taken for granted, but rather as an objective to be pursued with perseverance and determination. On the other hand, it stresses that scientific research has become - as the European Community has not failed to highlight and as the literature underlines - a constitutive aspect of a developed society and of its economic and political dynamics. We may wonder: why a multinational has decided to invest in an area apparently so far from its own sector? How is the ...
A petition entitled "Italian forests: an invaluable environmental heritage under attack" was recently published on the web. The petition is a perfect example of how environmental communication and public awareness can be manipulated. And, even more seriously, how people claiming to be environmental experts, use the "environment" label to spread their messages and slogans without accurately checking their sources. It is nevertheless of high importance that people are able to express their opinion and ideas freely and this communication between politics, communities and the academic world contribute to our growth as a society. However, any discussions must be underpinned with accurate and precise information. Furthermore, it is the scientific community's duty to check sources of information and contribute to the spread of accurate environmental communication.
Il carattere probabilistico delle leggi scientifiche e la più generale incertezza che sempre circonda l'implementazione sociale delle nuove tecnologie è stata all'origine di prospettive di policy diverse nei contesti normativi statunitense ed europeo. In ambito europeo, pur nella coesistenza di molteplici modelli di science policy, le riflessioni sull'incertezza sono state all'origine, anche nel settore della sicurezza alimentare, di nuovi strumenti giuridici che collegano l'allocazione delle conoscenze rilevanti a forme differenziate di responsabilità rispetto alle conoscenze medesime o alle loro conseguenze. In tali nuove forme di responsabilità si mescolano approcci innovativi1 e soluzioni che ripropongono in nuova veste il modello della certezza e dell'oggettività della scienza e dei suoi esperti. "Prendere sul serio" la società della conoscenza e il ruolo dei cittadini europei significa approfondire prospettive di ricerca epistemica, di valorizzazione di tutta la conoscenza rilevante e di riforma democratica 3 per ora più evocate che praticate dalle istituzioni comunitarie. ; In democratic knowledge-based societies the reference to scientific evidence as a source for objectivity and certainty has become a major tool to make law and policy more reliable and legitimate. However, as unforeseen risk in connection with science-based policies (especially in the health and food sector) can hardly be reduced and controlled, new legal concepts to deal with uncertainty in science policy have been shaped in different legal systems. The construction of a safe market both through certification bodies and the right to information for responsible citizens framed by Regulations 765/2008 and 1169/2011 belong to this theoretical framework. After having presented the main characters of the US and EU science policy, the paper argues in favor of a radical approach to uncertainty as a normal condition. This approach encompasses democratizing policy-making processes by assembling all relevant knowledge from citizens, and a two-ways communications between experts and nonexperts. In order to rebuild citizens' trust towards scientific and political institutions, and to establish sound forms of responsibility towards unexpected impacts of innovation, new interactions between science and society should take place
Already used in very specific areas such as in military and medical or academic research, in 2009 thanks to improved technology, augmented reality is to reach wider audiences and as information campaigns, advertising-augmented published in newspapers or on the network, and through a growing number of applications for mobile phones, particularly iPhone. "The Augmented Reality on the desktop computer is based on the use of markers, or ARtags, and stylized drawings, which are shown to the webcam, are recognized by the PC, and which are overlaid in real-time multimedia content: video, audio , 3D objects, etc. Normally, applications of augmented reality are based on Adobe Flash technology and therefore accessible from any standard Internet browser. Advertising is also known as Augmented exploded in 2009 for numerous communication campaigns for corporate brands such as Toyota, Lego, Mini, Kellogg's, General Electrics, singers like Eminem Johma Mayer or magazines such as Colors, Esquire Magazine and Wallpaper, etc. "(See Wikipedia : the augmented reality). In academia are several areas that are involved in the issues of augmented reality: that of representation, that science, that of the topography, the communication, and more. The use of augmented reality has found great scope also and especially in the public bodies involved in the protection and enjoyment of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage, museums, natural parks, libraries, the return of a significant architectural heritage of historical value and cultural heritage which it wants to pass on the genesis of construction, the historical events related to it, the prestige of the decoration and the difficulties Roofing complex. All this requires the contribution of different cognitive areas, in the opinion of the authors can not be extinguished only in an application myopic investing skills of a subject area. The story (from which everything branches off), topography (which each measure takes shape), the representation (from which everything is revealed), computer (from which everything is the correlation with itself and with the others), visual communication (from which everything rises to a value direct communication, streamlined, efficient), graphics (from which everything comes to beauty, aesthetics individual and collective). The experience took place in Salinas Archaeological Museum of Palermo, now under renovation, has developed a compendium of the various sectors calibrated and synergistic and overcome the difficulties, sometimes substantially, on the location of the collections of art in it.
