Suchergebnisse

The article focuses on the national dimensions of the EU communication policy in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The cornerstone of the EU communication policy is the dialogue with citizens about the policies and the future of the EU. It is based on openness, transparency and accountability which greatly contribute to building citizens' trust in the authorities' activity. EU communication policy is realized through e-governance, language policy and the policy in the sphere of mass media. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience and best practices of top 3 EU countries (Sweden, Finland and Denmark) in terms of the assessment of national policies in the field of ICT and digital skills of citizens in the sphere of communication policy. The hypothesis is that these states being the leaders as to citizens' digital literacy have introduced efficient channels of involving citizens in the decision making process.

The article focuses on the national dimensions of the EU communication policy in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The cornerstone of the EU communication policy is the dialogue with citizens about the policies and the future of the EU. It is based on openness, transparency and accountability which greatly contribute to building citizens' trust in the authorities' activity. EU communication policy is realized through e-governance, language policy and the policy in the sphere of mass media. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience and best practices of top 3 EU countries (Sweden, Finland and Denmark) in terms of the assessment of national policies in the field of ICT and digital skills of citizens in the sphere of communication policy. The hypothesis is that these states being the leaders as to citizens' digital literacy have introduced efficient channels of involving citizens in the decision making process.

In the light of the applicable regulations governing administrative proceedings, electronic communication is an acceptable form of communication between the authority and other parties in the area of activities regulated by the provision of Article 13 of the Act of 14 June 1960, the Code of Administrative Procedure, in its current wording. Since this provision provides for the use of mediation in the resolution of disputes relating to the settlement of matters which are the subject of administrative proceedings in the first and second instance, electronic communication may also be used in mediation at both stages of the administrative proceedings. The mediation process itself may be carried out using Internet means of communication, and the mediator may in the same way contact the body referring the case to mediation. Teleconferencing and other methods of electronic communication, such as e-mails, chat-rooms and teleconferences, are all possible under the current legal framework. However, it is not allowed to conduct automated mediation, i.e. mediation in which identification of a specific mediator will not be possible. In the light of current legislation in force, a mediator must be involved in the supervision of the mediation process and be responsible for its course. This is the personal responsibility of the mediator. The trend to use electronic communication in the public sphere will continue. This will apply both to the communication within the internal structures of the administration and to its external relations. The development of e-administration may also facilitate the development of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) methods in administrative proceedings. This corresponds to the global trend where the methods and procedures of administration are being adopted to the environment which is increasingly using different forms of electronic communication. ; In the light of the applicable regulations governing administrative proceedings, electronic communication is an acceptable form of communication between the authority and other parties in the area of activities regulated by the provision of Article 13 of the Act of 14 June 1960, the Code of Administrative Procedure, in its current wording. Since this provision provides for the use of mediation in the resolution of disputes relating to the settlement of matters which are the subject of administrative proceedings in the first and second instance, electronic communication may also be used in mediation at both stages of the administrative proceedings. The mediation process itself may be carried out using Internet means of communication, and the mediator may in the same way contact the body referring the case to mediation. Teleconferencing and other methods of electronic communication, such as e-mails, chat-rooms and teleconferences, are all possible under the current legal framework. However, it is not allowed to conduct automated mediation, i.e. mediation in which identification of a specific mediator will not be possible. In the light of current legislation in force, a mediator must be involved in the supervision of the mediation process and be responsible for its course. This is the personal responsibility of the mediator. The trend to use electronic communication in the public sphere will continue. This will apply both to the communication within the internal structures of the administration and to its external relations. The development of e-administration may also facilitate the development of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) methods in administrative proceedings. This corresponds to the global trend where the methods and procedures of administration are being adopted to the environment which is increasingly using different forms of electronic communication.

In the light of the applicable regulations governing administrative proceedings, electronic communication is an acceptable form of communication between the authority and other parties in the area of activities regulated by the provision of Arti­cle 13 of the Act of 14 June 1960, the Code of Administrative Procedure, in its current wording. Since this provision provides for the use of mediation in the resolution of disputes relating to the settlement of matters which are the subject of administrative proceedings in the first and second instance, electronic communication may also be used in mediation at both stages of the administrative proceedings. The mediation process itself may be carried out using Internet means of communication, and the mediator may in the same way contact the body referring the case to mediation. Teleconferencing and other methods of electronic communication, such as e-mails, chat-rooms and teleconferences, are all possible under the current legal framework. However, it is not allowed to conduct automated mediation, i.e. me­diation in which identification of a specific mediator will not be possible. In the light of current legislation in force, a mediator must be involved in the supervision of the mediation process and be responsible for its course. This is the personal responsibility of the mediator. The trend to use electronic communication in the public sphere will continue. This will apply both to the communication within the internal structures of the administration and to its external relations. The development of e-administration may also facilitate the development of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) meth­ods in administrative proceedings. This corresponds to the global trend where the methods and procedures of administration are being adopted to the environment which is increasingly using different forms of electronic communication.

The article refers to relations in the process of communication between teacher and students. The author uses classical literature and an expert interview with an experienced school teacher to bring her point across. The author feels that the described issues are of particular significance for beginner pedagogues. Shakespeare's genius gives a broad perspective on the subject of communication, because in both comedies and dramas we observe the importance of the communication aspect, which may be transferred to the relationship between students and the teacher. This gives a broad picture of the possible scenarios that will appear in the teacher's work and allows one to draw conclusions from the heroes' mistakes, which may be identical to those made in the relationships with students.

What we are witnessing now, not only in Great Britain, is that citizens are less and less interested in participation in politics. We see a crisis of representative democracy. One of the means used to fight those negative trends is the use of Information and Communication Technology. It not only enables citizens to gain a wide access to public information but also empowers them to take part in decision making. The article was written with the aim to analyze the political agenda of successive British governments pertaining to the use of the Internet in building more effective local government communication channels in English local authorities. The analyses of documents and secondary sources were conducted. Special attention was devoted to the introduction and development of electronic petition systems on the local level, as e-petitions are one of the most popular e-democracy mechanisms in Great Britain. Their use has also been laid down in law.

The conception of a local self-government, which has been pursued in Poland since 1990, entails the empowerment of local communities. It is founded on the conviction about a significant role of citizens' activity in the fulillment of statutory tasks by institutions. With this empowerment, a local community is close in its concept to civic society, which has been Poland's goal since the transformation initiated in 1989. However, for this idea to be put into practice, legal framework granting citizens the right to act is not sufficient enough. It is vital that suitable attitudes be worked out together with awareness essential for subjective, rational and active participation in local life, the foundation of which is efficient communication, understood as a bilateral process rather than passing on information from the authorities to citizens. The communication processes, which are extremely important in developing the participatory conception of self-government, are the subject of this study.

The paper has the objective to present public diplomacy as a discipline requiring interdisciplinary approach. At the current stage of development of the discipline, the approach rooted in the theory of international relations is dominating. The author suggests inclusion of the tools used for the analysis of political communication into the body of research on new public diplomacy. Therefore, there is nothing more as an aggregate of paradigms and tools of two disciplines implemented at the moment.Public diplomacy was defined in the paper as a symmetrical form of international, political communication targeted at foreign public opinion in order to facilitate the achievement of the goals of state abroad. Currently, the adjective "new" as added to public diplomacy, means that new public diplomacy is different from informational public diplomacy of United States before the liquidation of USIA. The new public diplomacy acknowledges non state organizations as actors of international relations and adjusts to the logic of globalization. New public diplomacy should not be equalized with political propaganda. ; The paper has the objective to present public diplomacy as a discipline requiring interdisciplinary approach. At the current stage of development of the discipline, the approach rooted in the theory of international relations is dominating. The author suggests inclusion of the tools used for the analysis of political communication into the body of research on new public diplomacy. Therefore, there is nothing more as an aggregate of paradigms and tools of two disciplines implemented at the moment.Public diplomacy was defined in the paper as a symmetrical form of international, political communication targeted at foreign public opinion in order to facilitate the achievement of the goals of state abroad. Currently, the adjective "new" as added to public diplomacy, means that new public diplomacy is different from informational public diplomacy of United States before the liquidation of USIA. The new public diplomacy acknowledges non state organizations as actors of international relations and adjusts to the logic of globalization. New public diplomacy should not be equalized with political propaganda.