Suchergebnisse

This research reports the results of three independent studies which investigate the relationship between attraction and communicator style (the way a person communicates). Study 1 compares the communicator styles of "best liked" and "least liked" friends. The "best liked" friend's style differed significantly from that of the "least liked" friend, scoring higher on attraction, communicator image, open, attentive relaxed. and dramatic/animated. In study 2, four specific styles were studied in relation to attraction. The dominant/open style was seen by subjects as the most attractive; the not-dominant/not-relaxed style was seen as least attractive. In study 3, teachers rated students representing the four styles investigated in study 2 on a nine-item attraction measure entailing physical, personality, and liking dimensions. Again, the dominant/open style emerged as most attractive. The three studies provide strong evidence that communicator style is an important effect determinant of attraction.

This study of high school students examined the structure of communicator style and the association between this structure with such variables as sex, age, and self-concept. First-order factor analyses indicated the existence of such communication dimensions as attentive, relaxed, animated, dominant, impression leaving, communicator image, and apprehension. The second-order analyses suggested these dimensions had an underlying structure that could be described as "attentive-supportive" style and "animated-dominant" style. Both sex and age differences were found with respect to dimensions of communicator style. A strong association existed between attentive-supportive communicator style and various subconstructs of self-concept. In particular, high school students who perceived themselves as being relaxed and attentive, low on communication apprehension, and with a positive view of their communication image also believed themselves to have high self-concept.

What happens when a writer is given information which attacks his beliefs and thus puts him under stress? This research study shows it takes him longer to write his message, he makes more grammatical and spelling errors, he performs more editing, and the message is less readable.

An experiment was designed to replicate and confirm previous research findings which suggest that the way a person communicates is related to perception of communication behavior. The experiment was successful. Subjects with low Communicator Style Measure (CSM) scores do not report perceiving any appreciable difference between their communicator style and that of subjects with high CSM scores. In contrast, subjects with high CSM scores report perceiving a significant difference. Three raters evaluated the videotaped interactions and confirm that a significant difference exists between the way in which low and high CSM scorers communicate. Analysis of who actually dominated the interactions in terms of amount of talk and who controlled the outcome in terms of success at the task also confirms the presence of significant differences. Two explanations are posited and discussed: (1) social desirability and (2) perceptual deficiency.

The effects of medium, communicator, & message content on the persuasiveness of a communication are examined. Groups of 2-5 students randomly assigned to one of 25 cells, totalling 318 students in all, received either a TV, radio, or written presentation, which either agreed or disagreed with their original position, from a communicator identified as either a political candidate, a representative, a former representative, or a newscaster. Both content & source had significant (.001 level) effects on attitude chance; political candidates & representatives were seen as less trustworthy & produced less attitude change. There was also significant interaction both between position & source (.001 level) & between source & medium (.01 level), TV being most effective for former representatives & newscasters & radio or written presentations being most effective for candidates. 3 Tables. Modified HA.

Abstract
The current research offers a new theoretical perspective on the relationship between power and persuasion. An agentic-communal model of power is presented that proposes power affects both the messages generated by communicators and the messages that persuade audiences. Compared to low-power states, high-power states produce a greater emphasis on information that conveys competence. As a consequence, high-power communicators generate messages with greater competence information, and high-power audiences are persuaded more by competence information. In contrast to high-power states, low-power states produce a greater emphasis on information that conveys warmth. As a result, low-power communicators generate messages with greater warmth information, and low-power audiences are persuaded more by warmth information. Because of these two outcomes, a power-matching effect occurs between communicator and audience power: high-power communicators are more effective in persuading high-power audience members, whereas low-power communicators are more effective in persuading low-power audience members. Four experiments find support for these effects in oral and written contexts with three distinct manipulations of power. Overall, these experiments demonstrate that the persuasiveness of messages can be affected by the alignment between the psychological sense of power of the communicator and the audience.

A discussion of 4 examples of domestic research findings suggesting problems for research abroad. (1) Effect of mass communications upon attitudes. Communicator has sizable though smaller audience among less friendly groups. What is accomplished among this audience remains unanswered. It would be fruitful to identify the middle (uncertain and ambivalent) audience as well as the sympathetic and antagonistic ones since members of this group are more likely to be amenable to change than antagonistic ones. (2) Reaching beyond the sympathizers. Studies by Hovland & Weiss suggest that communication has a `sleeper effects'. Initial negative reaction by an audience who distrusts the communicator may change, in time, to an acceptance of what is said because the communicator is forgotten. (3) Study by Feshbach & Janis suggests that over-emphasis on consequences of social action may increase already existing anxieties within the audience. Attempts to mitigate anxieties may make the audience less likely to adopt advice and accept counter-propaganda. (4) Findings in the American Soldier suggest two situations in which presenting both sides of an issue is effectual: (a) when there is widespread or intense opposition to the advocated stand, & (b) when the audience is better educated and sophisticated. A one-sided approach may be more successful with mass audiences. R. S. Halpern.

The present research has as objective, to base on the importance of the trajectory of the leader of the Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro Ruz as a communicator for the conformation of the Cuban society, after the Revolutionary triumph and for the new generations. Essential features of his oratory are valued in the revolutionary process that condition, the conformation and well-being of the new society. t is evident how decisive his role as a communicator was in shaping socialist society and in counteracting the campaigns organized by imperialism, in order to unbalance the established order. Among the features of the energetic leader's oratory that were identified in the study, the following stand out: the implementation of his own communication actions in the political battle and ideas that he led, which begins with the historic plea of self-defense, pronounced on october 16 of the year 1953, a speech that became an unprecedented legal oratory for the countries of Latin America, Operation Truth Action where the people give him all the support and value, his influence on topics of Cuban History, among others. ; El presente estudio tiene como objetivo, fundamentar sobre la importancia de la trayectoria del líder de la Revolución Cubana Fidel Castro Ruz como comunicador para la conformación de la sociedad cubana luego del triunfo Revolucionario y para las nuevas generaciones. Se valoran rasgos esenciales de su oratoria en el proceso revolucionario, que condicionan la conformación y bienestar de la nueva sociedad. Se evidencia lo decisivo que fue su papel como comunicador en la conformación de la sociedad socialista y para contrarrestar las campañas organizadas por el imperialismo para desestabilizar el orden establecido. Entre los rasgos de la oratoria del enérgico líder que se identificaron en el estudio se destaca: la implementación de acciones propias de comunicación en la batalla política y de ideas que lideró, la cual inicia con el histórico alegato de autodefensa, pronunciado el 16 de octubre del año 1953, discurso que se convirtió en una pieza oratoria jurídica sin precedentes para los países de América Latina, la Operación Verdad acción donde el pueblo le brinda todo el respaldo y el valor, su influencia sobre temas de Historia de Cuba entre otros.