The Prosperous and Justice Party or Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) is one of the parties different from a political party most, and more than that it can be seen that PKS is coming from the Muslim community in Indonesia. In the current development of Indonesian political parties, there is an impression that ideology of Indonesian political partis are moving to the middle. PKS has choosen to be an open political party or it can understood PKS is now determined to be one of the pluralistic parties who adopt pluralism and the diversity. This research wants to examine the value behind an opened ideology by Regional Council (DPW) of PKS in West Java in political communication perspective. Qualitative approach is used with ethnographic sudy. Data are collected by observations, interviews and documentary study on the internal and external informants of PKS. The result shows that opened ideology of DPW PKS of West Java are based on three values: ideological value, sociological value, and political value.
Abstract: Strengthening Life Skills Learners with a Creative Economic Approach: Case Studies in VocationalThe impact of the ASEAN economic community on the development of industry 4.0 is increasingly massive, the education system requires a new breakthrough to respond to the development of industry 4.0. The Indonesian government continues to make changes and developments in the field of education to prepare students to become human beings who are knowledge able, capable, creative, independent, and responsible. Vocational education aims to prepare graduates to be ready to work and innovate. The main purpose of this study is to determine the content of the creative economy in shaping the life skills of students. This research uses a qualitative case study design approach, to understand the meaning of events and interactions involving school principals, teachers, students, school staff, as well as the business world and industry, so that researchers can understand concepts and strategies related to SMK management. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the content of the creative economy is one of the creative approaches that need to be integrated into the curriculum and learning to build honest, responsible, confident, tenacious, disciplined, and highly competitive attitudes for students, teachers always use various methods and approaches are compiled in the curriculum and can be integrated in the learning process. The formation of life skills as a provision of skills to face and solve the difficulties of life and life, actively and creatively seek and find solutions to overcome problems. Abstrak: Penguatan Life Skills Peserta Didik dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi Kreatif: Studi Kasus di SMKDampak masyarakat ekonomi ASEAN terhadap perkembangan industri 4.0 semakin masif, sistem pendidikan membutuhkan gebrakan baru untuk merespon perkembangan industri 4.0. Pemerintah indonesia terus melakukan perubahan dan pengembangan di bidang pendidikan untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang ...
Abstract: The existence of good governance or good governance are often called for in fact hail hail is still a dream and was limited to mere jargon. Indonesia should immediately awakened from a long hibernation. Revolution in every field should be done because every product produced only accommodate the interests of political parties, factions and groups of people. When it should be good governance should be a serious concern. Transparency can indeed be one solution, but whether it's enough just to achieve good governance. Good concept governances, the process of implementation of state power in implementing the provision of public goods and service called governance (government or governance), while the so-called best practices of good governance (good governance). In order for "good governance" can become a reality and create state fair, it takes the commitment and involvement of all stakeholders, namely the government and society. Good governance demands effective "alignement" (coordination) is good and the integrity, professional and work ethic and high moral. Thus the application of the concept of "good governance" in the administration of state government power is a challenge. The implementation of good governance is a major prerequisite for realizing the aspirations of the community in achieving the goals and ideals of the nation. In order that requires the development and implementation of appropriate systems of accountability, clear, and real so that the implementation of the government and development can take place in efficient, effective, clean and accountable and corruption-free
This article aims to analyze the function of Bapemperda in increasing the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations in the Bone Bolango Regency. The Regional Regulations Formation Agency (Bapemperda) of the Bone Bolango DPRD is one of the council's equipments for forming regional regulations. The type of research used in this article is empirical normative, which combines a normative legal approach with the addition of various elements of empirical studies. The results show that the implications of political intervention sometimes affect the issues and local regulations issued and do not represent the community's interests but are dominated by political interests. Ideally, local regulations must be responsive and meet usual policy standards that at the implementation level can be used and can answer problems that develop in the community. Human resources have an essential role in an organization, such as the rapid development of information technology, globalization, and changes in the world of positions and work, and are tied to the existing system. Members of Bapemperda and local governments play a role in forming regional regulations and other policy designs. To increase the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations, it is necessary to have a relationship between human resources and the objectives that apply to Bapemperda itself. The researcher then offers a prototype product called CIS-Approach, a development concept from the results of the research and data analysis of the previous authors, which is expected to be a consideration for the government in formulating regional regulatory policies. CIS-Approach indicators are: 1) human resources with the system; 2) human resources with the issue; 3) human resources with regulations.
On the challenges of development for democratization and transparency in the frame- work of regional autonomy, local governments now compete to build a race-e-government infrastructure. In factual, the main obstacles of the implementation of e-government is on the governance or management structure of the management and quantity and quality of human resources at government agencies that are very limited. The object of the selected study site is The City of Yogyakarta and The Sleman regency government. The formulation of the problem is taken "How E-Government Communication and Adminitrations Management Back Office Models as a Public Service Studies on the regional government of Yogyakarta and Sleman District Government Sites? " Research method used was descriptive research to guide the inductive eksploratory to the results of research that the technical provisions of the respective websites of local governments to become the object of research in managing the front office has to follow some standard that is required in the development of the web as a medium for communication and information. Information uptodating, especially news on the navigation was done routinely. But still there is a delay of uptodating websites is a sign that there is imbalance between the management of websites each local government. Number of links the information of each local government websites have been sufficient, meaning that many categories of information provided. The fundamental problem lies in the fact that the government does not provide e-mail links for the user community, if there is acceptance of the feedback is to the manager or administrator websites and not on the officials concerned.
This study discusses food crop agriculture in 29 districts in East Java, where many people are engaged in this field. This research defines two stages of equality. In this study using two model approaches, namely the first Model Analysis conducted using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the second model Partial least square (PLS). Research results Increasing agricultural productivity or efficiency is important to do with a variety of strategies both intensification and agricultural intensification.Improving the quality of rural community resources is very to be done. Good quality resources will increase the absorption of high technology and will increase the productivity of farmers and workers in other sectors in rural areas, the Government's budget for development must continue to be increased both in nominal terms and the accuracy of its allocation so that it is absorbed into rural communities effectively and efficiently so that it can improve the welfare of rural communities and controlling the price of basic necessities in the region is also important to do. Bank Indonesia and in collaboration with local governments to form a Regional Inflation Control Team (TPID) must work better in maintaining stable inflation because the rural poor are relatively vulnerable to price increases
On the challenges of development for democratization and transparency in the frame- work of regional autonomy, local governments now compete to build a race-e-government in- frastructure. In factual, the main obstacles of the implementation of e-government is on the governance or management structure of the management and Quantity and quality of human resources at government agencies that are very limited. The object of the selected study site is the city of Yogyakarta, Sleman regency government sites and the Government of Bantul district. The formulation of the problem is taken "How Communication Model Management Front Of- fice E-Government as a Public Service Media Site on the regional government of Yogyakarta, Sleman District Government Sites Site and the Government of Bantul Regency? " Research method used is descriptive research to guide the inductive eksploratori to the results of research that the technical provisions of the respective websites of local governments to become the object of research in managing the front office has to follow some standard that is required in the development of the web as a medium for communication and information. Up toditas informa- tion, especially news on the navigation was done routinely. But still there is a delay of up toditas websites is a sign that there is imbalance between the management of websites each local gov- ernment. Number of links the information of each local government websites have been suffi- cient, meaning that many categories of information provided. The fundamental problem lies in the fact that the government does not provide e-mail links for the user community, if there is acceptance of the feedback is to the manager or administratur websites and not on the officials concerned.
Purpose This study aims to extract information and analyze the antecedents of Muslims following pilgrimage tours. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia shows that 87.18 per cent of the total population of Indonesia are Muslims. In addition to running the ruling of Islam and the pillars of Faith, Muslims also maintain the religious tourism. The form of religious tourism which is widely followed by the Muslims of Indonesia is to follow a pilgrimage to the tomb of the wali (Guardian), both wali limo and wali songo. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews of Muslims in Indonesia who had already attended pilgrimages to wali limo and/or wali songo. Findings The tourists are satisfied and have an intention to revisit the destination, and the interest of the community to follow religious tours is very large, as well as the opportunities to do business in this sector are still wide open. Various motives and benefits of following religious tours, as well as suggestions for improvements for religious tourism destination managers, as well as advice for the government were uncovered. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical contribution related to marketing management in religious tourism and a practical contribution for the managers of religious tourism. Research limitations/implications Further research can be done with a quantitative approach, as well as comparative studies between pilgrimages in Indonesia (developing countries) and pilgrimages in other developing countries or in developed countries can also be conducted. Practical implications For marketing practitioners, the results of this study can be used as a consideration to continue to improve services in the field of religious tourism in the country, given the potential for development is very large. Social implications There is a contribution from this study to the development of marketing science, particularly related to marketing management on religious tourism services. Originality/value This study offers new insight regarding factors influencing Muslims pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia.
Purpose This study aims to extract information and analyze the antecedents of Muslims following pilgrimage tours. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia shows that 87.18 per cent of the total population of Indonesia are Muslims. In addition to running the ruling of Islam and the pillars of Faith, Muslims also maintain the religious tourism. The form of religious tourism which is widely followed by the Muslims of Indonesia is to follow a pilgrimage to the tomb of the wali (Guardian), both wali limo and wali songo. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews of Muslims in Indonesia who had already attended pilgrimages to wali limo and/or wali songo. Findings The tourists are satisfied and have an intention to revisit the destination, and the interest of the community to follow religious tours is very large, as well as the opportunities to do business in this sector are still wide open. Various motives and benefits of following religious tours, as well as suggestions for improvements for religious tourism destination managers, as well as advice for the government were uncovered. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical contribution related to marketing management in religious tourism and a practical contribution for the managers of religious tourism. Research limitations/implications Further research can be done with a quantitative approach, as well as comparative studies between pilgrimages in Indonesia (developing countries) and pilgrimages in other developing countries or in developed countries can also be conducted. Practical implications For marketing practitioners, the results of this study can be used as a consideration to continue to improve services in the field of religious tourism in the country, given the potential for development is very large. Social implications There is a contribution from this study to the development of marketing science, particularly related to marketing management on religious tourism services. Originality/value This study offers new insight regarding factors influencing Muslims pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia.
Economic growth is no longer just to improve the economy alone, but economic growth must also pay attention to the welfare of the community and be carried out by paying attention to the quality of the economic growth. Good economic growth is not only temporary but long term. One of the government's efforts by this concept is to create inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The measure of the quality of economic growth can be seen through the Inclusive Economic Development Index (IGI). However, achieving inclusive economic growth is not easy. The novelty of the research is that inclusive economic growth is not only approached with an economic approach but non-economic variables are also included, to see further this interrelation. The method used in this research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. Panel regression analysis models and techniques using stata. The results of this study indicate that technology and human resources have a significant and positive effect on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia from 2017 to 2019. Meanwhile, politics has a positive but not significant effect on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia from 2017 to 2019. From the results of this study, it can be seen that also that technology, politics, and human resources simultaneously have a significant and positive effect on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia from 2017 to 2019. The implications of this research include, among others, the government needs to optimize HR productivity. Keywords: Inclusive Economy; Political; Human Resources; Technology
AbstractThis study describes the elaboration and consistency of policies between the Central Government and the Regional Governments to solve problems regarding elderly welfare. Law Number 13 of 1998 concerning Elderly Welfare as a cornerstone of policy for the region and its implementation in the city of Surakarta. The City Government of Surakarta is committed to realizing old age (in Javanese called Adi Yuswo) as an asset and potential for continued development of prosperity. This commitment is manifested in the regulation of policies, institutions, empowerment and participation of stakeholders in general. This study uses secondary data, describing the elaboration of regulations and the implementation of the elderly welfare program in the city of Surakarta. Improvement of the welfare of the elderly is a work with regional institutions across regions, strengthening institutions and community participation at the local level.Keywords: regulation, policy implementation and elderly welfareAbstrakPenelitian ini mendekripsikan tentang penjabaran dan konsistensi kebijakan antara Pemerintah Pusat dengan Pemerintah Daerah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tentang kesejahteraan lanjut usia. Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1998 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia sebagai batu penjuru kebijakan bagi daerah dan implementasinya di Kota Surakarta. Pemerintah Kota Surakarta berkomitmen mewujudkan lanjut usia (dalam Bahasa Jawa disebut Adi Yuswo) sebagai aset dan potensi pembangunan tetap kesejahteraan. Komitmen tersebut diwujudkan dalam regulasi kebijakan, kelembagaan, pemberdayaan dan partisipasi pemangku kepentingan pada umumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, menggambarkan penjabaran regulasi dan pelaksanaan program kesejahteraan lansia di Kota Surakarta. Peningkatan kesejahteraan lansia merupakan kerja bersma perangkat daerah secara lintas perangkat daaerah, menguatkan wadah lembaga dan partisipasi masyarakat di tingkat lokal.Kata kunci: regulasi, pelaksanaan kebijakan dan kesejahteraan lanjut usia.
This study aims to describe the level of political participation of female voters in the 2019 general election. This study descriptif the participation of female in general elections. Therefore, to find out the level of political participation of women voters the researchers distributed questionnaires 90 respondents. According to Malihah (2011) Women's Participation is the participation of women as part of the community to play a role in practical political activities as well as in development activities or political implementation in a broad sense.This type of research is descriptive with the location od the study in the Punggasan district of Linggo Sari Baganti. The population in this study amounted to 900 female voters and a sample of 90 respondents the sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire instrument and documentatio, data were analyzed using triangulasi.The results of the study at total apathy level 1,1% , 56,76% participated in the voting, 51,65% participated in imformal political discussions of general interest in politics, 37,5% of female voters actively participated in public meetings and demonstrations, 15,56% actively participated in the passive membership of a plitical organization, 14% participated in the actuve membership of a quasi po;itical organization, and 1,1% of female voters become member passive membership of a political organization and there are no active female voters in active membership in apolitical organization, seeking politica; or administrative positions and accupy political or administrative. It can be concluded that the level of political participation of female voters in district Linggo Sari Baganti is 25,11% in the low category. And it is suggested to female voters to be more active in political organizations.Keywords: Level Of Participation, Female Voters, Governor Election
ABSTRAK Pandemi Covid-19 telah menurunkan pendapatan pengojek di Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Mahasiswa yang biasanya menjadi konsumen utama mereka tidak berada di kawasan tersebut karena kebijakan belajar dari rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan upaya-upaya alternatif dalam penguatan kapasitas para pengojek agar dapat mengatasi situasi pada situasi pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode snowball. Informan yang dipilih merupakan pengojek yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Pendekatan teoritik yang digunakan adalah community organizing, khususnya dimensi penguatan kapasitas. Penguatan kapasitas terdiri dari beberapa aspek, yaitu munculnya kepemimpinan lokal, berkembangnya organisasi lokal yang bersifat formal dan informal, terbukanya akses komunikasi vertikal dan horizontal diantara para pengojek, dan terbukanya hubungan para pengojek dengan pihak luar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penguatan kapasitas pengojek di lokasi penelitian belum optimal dilihat pada aspek kepemimpinan lokal dan hubungan para pengojek terdampak dengan pihak luar. Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya pemimpin yang bertugas untuk mengatur pesanan para penumpang dan pengojek pangkalan belum melakukan kolaborasi dengan pihak luar. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menyarankan para pengojek perlu optimalisasi penguatan kapasitas mereka antara lain dengan cara pendampingan pelatihan, seperti penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Selain itu, peneliti juga menyarankan pengojek pangkalan juga dapat meniru layanan ojek online. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan, pengojek pangkalan sebaiknya melakukan perubahan transformasi layanan ojek, seperti penyesuaian tarif, layanan antar jemput, layanan antar barang, mengadakan promosi, dan berkolaborasi dengan berbagai pihak. STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF MOCKERS IN THE FACE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has decreased the revenue of mockers in Jatinangor District of Sumedang. Students who are usually their main consumers are not in the area due to home study policies. This research aims to illustrate alternative efforts in strengthening the capacity of mockers to be able to overcome the situation in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The study used a qualitative approach with the snowball method. The informant selected is a mocker located in Jatinangor District of Sumedang. The theoretical approach used is community organizing, especially the dimension of capacity strengthening. Capacity strengthening consists of several aspects, namely the emergence of local leadership, the development of local organizations that are formal and informal, the open access to vertical and horizontal communication between the mockers, and the open relationship of the mockers with outsiders. The results showed that the strengthening of the capacity of the mocker at the research site has not been optimally seen in aspects of local leadership and the relationship of affected mockers with outsiders. This is because there is no leader in charge of arranging the orders of passengers and the base mocker has not collaborated with outside parties. Therefore, researchers suggest that mockers need to optimize their capacity strengthening, among others, by means of training assistance, such as the use of information and communication technology. In addition, researchers also suggest base mockers can also imitate online motorcycle taxi services. To increase revenue, base mockers should make changes in the transformation of motorcycle taxi services, such as tariff adjustments, shuttle services, freight forwarding services, conducting promotions, and collaborating with various parties.
The consistency between planning and budgeting is important because it is a marker for local governments in assessing the performance of all government programs and activities, whether they are running well and according to the goals set. The difference in consistency in the Pangkalpinang City Government occurs from year to year. Still, there is a commitment from the Regional Head to build consistency between planning and budgeting to realize community welfare. This research has a purpose: to find out and analyze how the consistency between planning and budgeting in the 2018 to 2020 fiscal year is through an analysis of the planning process and the budgeting process to see what factors support this consistency. The research method used uses a qualitative approach and analysis through the Interactive Model of Miles and Huberman. The results obtained from the research are planning and budgeting process in the Pangkalpinang City Government is still not consistent. The research locus is at the Regional Development Planning and Research Agency of the Pangkalpinang City, Regional Finance Agency of Pangkalpinang City, and Regional House of Representatives Budget Agency of Pangkalpinang City. Each year, the consistency that occurs is different in the Regional Government Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah or RKPD). The highest consistency is found at the end of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah or RPJMD), which in this research falls on the 2018 Regional Government Work Plan (RKPD). ; Konsistensi yang terjadi antara perencanaan dan penganggaran menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan karena menjadi penanda bagi pemerintah daerah dalam menilai kinerja seluruh program dan kegiatan pemerintah, apakah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Perbedaan konsistensi di Pemerintah Kota Pangkalpinang terjadi dari tahun ke tahun. Namun tetap ada komitmen dari Kepala Daerah untuk membangun konsistensi antara perencanaan dan penganggaran untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan: untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana konsistensi antara perencanaan dan penganggaran pada tahun anggaran 2018 hingga 2020 melalui analisis proses perencanaan dan proses penganggaran untuk melihat faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendukung konsistensi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis melalui Model Interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah proses dan penganggaran di Pemerintah Kota Pangkalpinang masih belum konsisten. Lokus penelitian berada di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan dan Penelitian Pengembangan Daerah Kota Pangkalpinang, Badan Keuangan Daerah Kota Pangkalpinang dan Badan Anggaran DPRD Kota Pangkalpinang. Konsistensi yang terjadi berbeda pada setiap tahun Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD). Konsistensi tertinggi terdapat pada bagian akhir Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) yang dalam penelitian ini jatuh pada Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD) tahun 2018.
The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system ; The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system
