Suchergebnisse

AbstractIn questo studio si presentano alcune riflessioni mirate a riconoscere nelle più recenti linee di pensiero dell'archeologia teorica - pubblica, simmetrica, sincretista - e dell'Heritage Education la necessità di un sempre più accentuato approccio dialogico con altri domini disciplinari e con il territorio, per contribuire a promuovere il patrimonio culturale, nella fattispecie quello archeologico, quale veicolo fortemente attrattivo ed evocativo di valori culturali contestuali e sostanziale propulsore di sviluppo, nella consapevolezza che l'autenticità di un territorio sia intrinseca e dipenda in primis da una comunità consapevole, informata e cosciente delle ricchezze culturali del luogo, sentite come segni di identità. Il questo senso il patrimonio archeologico capillarmente diffuso in area appenninica, anche umbro-marchigiana, può oggi più che mai avere la reale possibilità di elevarsi a "trasmettitore di cultura", dare effettiva prova delle sue potenzialità educative, identitarie e di sviluppo sostenibile per le aree interne, superando lo iato ancora esistente tra visione esperta e non esperta, promuovendo la ricerca a ruolo di mediatore tra politica e comunità.This study reflects upon both recent trends in archaeological theory – public, symmetrical, syncretistic – and in heritage education, including the need for an increasingly accentuated, dialogic approach with other disciplines. It emphasises the need for dialogue with regional and local authorities and communities, facilitating the promotion of archaeological cultural heritage as a highly attractive and evocative vehicle for contextual cultural values, and as a driving force for development. It argues that the 'authenticity' of a territory is intrinsic, dependent primarily upon a conscious, informed community that is aware of its cultural heritage and the role that it plays in the construction of (potentially multiple) identities. The rich archaeological heritage of the Apennine region, including Umbria-Marche, might therefore be seen as a ...

Il paper analizza il sistema di relazioni che lega i processi di rigenerazione urbana alla valorizzazione del patrimonio storico-architettonico, facendo perno sul concetto di brand territoriale come attivatore di micro-economie locali. A tal fine, si sviluppa un caso studio relativo ad una peculiare esperienza di rigenerazione urbana che mette in relazione il recupero di un contenitore di archeologia industriale con i meccanismi di marketing territoriale correlati alla produzione di extra-valore per le imprese presenti in una certa area. Il caso studio riguarda una Community Development Corporation ubicata a Boston, la Jamaica Plain Neighborhood Development Corporation, la cui mission è la promozione di sviluppo locale sostenibile, mediante la creazione di opportunità economiche per un'area in declino socio-economico e fisico. Il restauro e il riuso di una birreria storica rappresenta il punto di forza di una politica urbana che raccorda il processo di rigenerazione dell'area con la valorizzazione del legame simbolico con il suo passato industriale. Parole chiave: brand locale, valorizzazione del patrimonio, incubatore d'impresa

Qual è la funzione delle biblioteche pubbliche rispetto alle problematiche della conoscenza, della cittadinanza e dello sviluppo?L'articolo prende le mosse dal concetto di "relianza" elaborato da Edgar Morin, ossia la capacità di contestualizzare le informazioni, trasformarle in conoscenza, e collegare le diverse conoscenze tra loro. Dal pensiero della relianza le biblioteche possono ricavare spunti concreti per proporsi come segmenti di un nuovo sistema educativo in grado di fornire non solo accessi, ma occasioni e strumenti di lettura critica del mondo, della vita e della società.La presenza e i servizi delle biblioteche pubbliche sono poi da sempre intrecciati strettamente con le ragioni della democrazia, della cittadinanza e dei diritti sociali. Queste ragioni hanno a lungo caratterizzato, in Europa occidentale, le politiche del welfare, e stanno ora regredendo sotto i colpi della crisi. Occorre quindi capire con quali prospettive e servizi sia possibile oggi rilanciare la funzione democratica e sociale delle biblioteche pubbliche, e sostenerle come articolazioni irrinunciabili del welfare locale.L'idea di sviluppo, infine, ha confini molto larghi e si presta a diverse letture e orientamenti: nel caso delle biblioteche pubbliche è da collegare, per un verso, alla prospettiva della qualità culturale e sociale delle comunità, per l'altro al benessere dei cittadini, inteso come libero dispiegarsi delle capacità personali: in tale ottica le biblioteche pubbliche possono legittimarsi come luoghi di opportunità realmente disponibili. ; The paper examines the role of public libraries in promoting knowledge, supporting citizenship and facilitating individual – as well as community – development.Edgar Morin's concept of "reliance" suggests the ability of contextualizing information, transforming it into knowledge, and establishing a connection between separate knowledge processes. Libraries can borrow several ideas from this concept, proposing themselves as active branches of a new educational system which should provide not only access to information, but also the opportunities and tools that today are essential for a critical reading of the world, life, and society.Public libraries have become tightly entwined with democracy, citizenship and social rights – three major issues of Western Europe's welfare politics, now on the wane because of the global economic crisis. Therefore, now more than ever, it is important to understand how to revive the democratic and social function of public libraries, and to sustain them as inalienable expressions of local welfare.Eventually, the concept of development is almost boundless, allowing innumerable interpretations. With respect to public libraries it can be related to the idea of cultural and social improvement of the community, but it must also be related to citizens' well-being, intended as the free expression of their personal capabilities: in this perspective, public libraries can legitimize themselves as spaces and places of actual opportunities.

The European Commission publishes documents containing proposals for Community actions in many different areas. Primarily they are documents addressed to interested parties – organizations and individuals, who are invited to participate in a process of consultation and debate. In some areas, such as education, they provide an impetus for subsequent legislation. These documents, sometimes, follow discussion papers published to launch a consultation process at European level. While discussion papers set out a range of ideas presented for public discussion and debate, document papers contain an official set of proposal in specific areas and are used as vehicles for Community development. The aim of this contribution is to identify through public official European documents some opportunities in the field of education, especially in combating social exclusion, and to assess how important . the teacher's work is in giving students confidence in learning languages. People often speak about "World Peace", but they often don't know how to start turning violence, war, terrorism in to peace actions. Promoting European ideas in the field of education is the first step to develop this aim. My opinion is that school and university must be closely associated in the operation of the EU supporting it with specific programmes.

After a 50-year process, Europe is ready to ratify the Constitutional Treaty. The intense work started in 1951 with the Treaty of Paris, which created the European Steel & Coal Community (ESCC), followed, in 1957, by the Treaties of Rome that established the European Economic Community (EEC) & the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). Since inception it has been clear that there are three categories of norms: those produced to administer international relations, those produced to identify institutions & related competences, & those produced to ratify bills. These categories have followed the European evolution & have allowed distribution of competencies among communities & states of the EU, which is moving toward a federal state organization. M. Williamson

The Food Hygiene Package is a body of European Regulations laying down hygiene rules for foodstuffs produced in the EU and non-EU countries exporting to the EU. The pursuit of a high level of protection of human life and health is one of the fundamental objectives of this laws package. Some points of EC Regulations undergo to critical review by the Commission, and particular attention was given to fishery products. Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs, in Annex I, Chapter 1, lays down the food safety criteria for live bivalve molluscs and live echinoderms, tunicates and gastropods and sets sampling-plans, limits and analytical reference methods only concerning bacterial micro-organisms of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli genera. Epidemiological data of the last years reported the consumption of live bivalve shellfish infected by enteric viruses as common cause of human gastroenteritis. Norovirus resulted the leading cause of all human gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. For this reason, in the first part of Reg. (EC) No 2073/2005, in the whereas at point 12, it's written that the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures relating to Public Health (SCVPH) issued an opinion on Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs, noroviruses) on 30-31 January 2002. In that opinion it concluded that the conventional fecal indicators are unreliable for demonstrating the presence or absence of NLVs and that the reliance on fecal bacterial indicator removal for determining shellfish purification times is unsafe practice. So Salmonella and Escherichia coli can not be used as only indicators of safety criteria in live bivalve molluscs. In particular, at following points we can read that it may be necessary to set harmonized sampling frequencies at Community level, particularly in order to ensure the same level of controls to be performed throughout the Community. Finally it's confirmed that criteria for pathogenic viruses in live bivalve molluscs should be established when the analytical methods are developed sufficiently (at point 27). In response to concerns expressed by EU Regulations and taking into account the latest epidemiological data, the international networks dealing prevention, communication and control of human food borne illness diseases caused by enteric viruses have intensified their researches on norovirus. In the past few years, numerous research projects financed by government departments and international organizations have been implemented in order to get more information on these viral pathogens and check most hazardous areas. Among the areas traditionally known for a high fish consumption, there are the Southern Italy regions, where mussels are highly appreciated. Mytilus galloprovincialis accounts for over 22.4% of annual consumption of fish (data by E.U., Unimar, Ismea e Uniprom), particularly in Campania the mussels consumption was calculated to be about 41 000 tonnes each year. Since ancient times, in most coastal areas the custom of eating raw or undercooked bivalve shellfish remains common. In this way, however, the assumption of norovirus eventually present and bioaccumulated in shellfish makes easier. Noroviruses are highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions and a simple shellfish cleaning or the application of so-called "mild technologies", such as steaming, are unable to eliminate viral contamination. Among filter feeders bivalve, oysters are the species most common in France. In fact the French coastal areas produce more than 90% of oysters in the EU and France has the historic first for production and consumption of these molluscs. Oysters are traditionally eaten raw, still alive, mostly with a few drops of lemon juice. As for Mytilus galloprovincialis, oysters can represent an hazard for the occurrence of human food borne illness from enteric viruses. In the course of my PhD studies, I have dealt with norovirus in bivalve molluscs. During my first year of PhD study, I concurred to the development of a method for detection of norovirus in live bivalve molluscs working together with researchers of the ISS. The method is based on the use of Real Time RT PCR. During our researches it has been subjected to inner validation by the ISS and it resulted provided of efficiency to research norovirus in live bivalve molluscs. So the Italian Ministry of Health with Note of 24/11/2009 established the one-step Real Time RT-PCR protocol as the official method to research norovirus in live bivalve molluscs. After this period, during the second year of my PhD studies, I worked for a national monitoring to test norovirus presence in bivalve molluscs. The one-step Real Time RT PCR protocol was used again. Studies have been carried out within a project financed by Campania Region. Shellfish collected from harvesting areas and bought at retailers located on the three coastal districts of Naples, Caserta and Salerno have been tested for norovirus presence. During the last year, my scientific experience has been enriched by a collaboration with IFREMER researchers. IFREMER is one of the French national research centers taking part in FBVE-network. I have worked at the section of the Virology of Laboratory of Microbiology (MIC) sited in Nantes, that was indicated National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for the control of bacterial and viral contamination of bivalve molluscs in France by the French Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. IFREMER has the same functions of the Italian NRL concerning norvirus research and control. During my stage at IFREMER, bioaccumulation physiological activity was analyzed in oysters living in seawater contaminated by Norovirus spp. The research was carried out on samples of Crassostea gigas coming from different harvesting areas located along the Atlantic coast of Brittany, area known for oysters production worldwide. For bioaccumulation studies classified and quantized strains of norovirus GI.1 and GII.3 were used. At the IFREMER laboratory, the one-step RT Real Time PCR protocol was used and further validated.

Il paper riporta alcuni elementi di sintesi della ricerca in corso relativa allo studio della direttrice energeticoambientale nelle politiche e nelle trasformazioni urbane, in riferimento ai processi di qualificazione e di condivisione degli insediamenti. La ricerca interpreta il passaggio dai canoni dell'Eco-quartiere a quelli del Distretto Energetico Urbano come superamento della dimensione separativa del quartiere novecentesco, verso la valenza energetico ambientale come spinta a contrasto della frammentazione e a favore di processi di qualificazione inclusiva. L'articolo riporta quindi l'analisi di alcune esperienze in corso in paesi esteri circa il rapporto tra politiche energetiche locali e processi di pianificazione urbana, in cui si evidenzia la contrapposizione di modelli organizzativi gestionali diversi ed esamina nei PAES la dimensione del localismo energetico, che sembra dirigersi verso un riduzionismo settoriale, limitativo del rapporto articolato tra energia, governance locale e trasformazioni insediative. In conclusione si indicano le direzioni di sviluppo della ricerca riguardanti l'approfondimento di esperienze su politiche energetiche locali e processi di piano, la caratterizzazione propositiva delle reti locali, procedure e sistemi informativi per la mappatura urbana delle variabili energetico ambientali per la pianificazione.

In this contribution, the financial and planning instruments that can promote the development of a Community-based cooperative are analysed. In particular, EU cohesion policy and rural development programs are considered. A focus is then made on the so-called InvestEU Fund, and another in-depth look is given to Smart Villages, which are defined as communities in inner areas using innovative solutions to improve their resilience, building on local strengths and opportunities: a very well suited definition to the potential role of Community-based cooperatives.

This paper presents a critical, on a social-political level, of development of psychotherapy, seen as the health discipline, especially in that part of the world called West, scientifically established itself through the evaluation of the effectiveness of its two most common types of setting: Individual and Group- Psychotherapy. Through a social-anthropological interpretation of mental processes which it underpins, and a group analytical analysis of organizational and institutional dynamics that led to its evolution, the authors highlight the significant impasse in which psychotherapy finds itself today compared to new and more pervasive forms of mental suffering. Following on of the latest scientific research on the functioning of the mind and of new policy proposals from the World Health Organization, it is suggested so a form of basic psychotherapy, focused on the quality of the mental health of human contexts, defined Community-Focused Psychotherapy. This new form of psychotherapy is wrong simply understood as a new setting, alongside the classic individual, group, or family setting, but as a political-cultural background and a theoretical-methodological framework, so for different psychotherapeutic treatment (individual, group , family) put in place in cases of specific psychopathological symptoms, as for a number of other clinical and social programs, carried out by professionals, workers and (formerly) users, who support the empowerment of people, with serious psychological disorders or severe mental illness, in their own social contexts of belonging, and in their own recovery, through the active participation of all those therapeutic processes that support their care. ; L'articolo propone una lettura critica, su un livello politico-sociale, dello sviluppo della psicoterapia, intesa come quella disciplina sanitaria affermatasi scientificamente, soprattutto in quella parte di mondo definita Occidente, attraverso la valutazione dell'efficacia clinica delle sue due tipologie di setting più diffuse; la Psicoterapia Individuale e la Psicoterapia di Gruppo. Attraverso una lettura antropologico-sociale dei processi mentali che essa sottende, ed una analisi di scuola gruppoanalitica delle dinamiche istituzionali che ne hanno determinato l'evoluzione, gli autori evidenziano la sostanziale empasse in cui la psicoterapia si ritrova oggi rispetto alle nuove e più pervasive forme di sofferenza mentale. Sulla scia delle recenti ricerche scientifiche sul funzionamento della mente e delle nuove proposte politiche dell'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, viene così proposto una forma psicoterapeutica di base, focalizzata sulla qualità della salute mentale di contesti umani definiti, definita Psicoterapia di Comunità. Questa nuova forma psicoterapeutica non và semplicemente intesa come un nuovo setting, da affiancare ai classici setting individuali, di gruppo, o familiari, ma come uno sfondo politico- culturale ed una cornice teorico-metodologica, tanto dei diversi interventi psicoterapeutici (individuali, di gruppo, familiari) messi in atto nei casi di specifiche manifestazioni psicopatologiche, quanto di tutta una serie di altri interventi clinici e sociali, messi in atto da professionisti, operatori ed (ex)utenti esperti, che sostengono l'empowerment delle persone con gravi disagi psicologici nei loro contesti sociali di appartenenza, ed il loro recovery attraverso la partecipazione attiva a tutti quei processi terapeutici che ne sostengono la cura.

Secondo il Report IFAD sulla povertà rurale, nel 2008, circa due terzi della popolazione africana viveva nelle aree rurali ed era in qualche modo coinvolta in attività agricole commerciali o di sussistenza (IFAD, 2011). L'agricoltura rappresenta il più importante settore economico per la popolazione africana e le donne risultano cruciali per la produzione agricola: rappresentano infatti il 62,8 per cento della forza lavoro (FAO, 2014). Dopo la crisi alimentare del 2007-2008 si è andato intensificando il fenomeno delle acquisizione di terre su larga scala in paesi del Sud del mondo, in particolare nel continente africano, da parte di multinazionali, governi, aziende nazionali e singoli soggetti privati. Questo processo è stato denominato anche land grabbing dalle principali organizzazioni internazionali e della società civile e ha avuto grande impatto mediatico a livello internazionale. L'intensificarsi del fenomeno ha portato a una progressiva perdita di controllo e accesso ad ampie porzioni di territorio da parte delle comunità locali, che non possono più disporre delle risorse naturali collegate alla terra. La cessione di ampi terreni avviene in molti casi senza trasparenza informativa, con violazione dei diritti umani e senza il consenso delle comunità che vi abitano e che coltivano tali aree, e a cui viene imposto un cambio radicale di vita. La terra è una risorsa centrale per l'identità, il sostentamento e la sicurezza alimentare di una comunità, dunque le conseguenze sono molteplici a livello sociale, culturale, economico e politico. Gli impatti sulle relazioni di genere e in particolare sulle donne delle comunità rurali risultano essere cruciali nel discorso sullo sviluppo. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è indagare come le relazioni di genere, a seguito delle trasformazioni nella gestione della terra, si modificano amplificando squilibri già esistenti e creando conseguenze sulle logiche di potere delle comunità rurali e sulle vite delle persone che ne fanno parte. ; According to the IFAD Rural Poverty Report, in 2008 about two thirds of the African population lived in rural areas and were involved in agricultural activities in some form, either for commercial purposes or subsistence (IFAD, 2011). Agriculture is the most important economic sector for the African population and women are crucial within its production, representing 62,8 % of the workforce (FAO, 2014). After the food crisis of 2007-2008, the phenomenon of large-scale land acquisitions in developing countries by national and transnational companies, governments and individuals has been intensifying, particularly seen in Africa. This process, also referred to as land grabbing by the main international organisations and civil society has had a strong media impact at an international level. The intensification of the phenomenon has led to local communities progressively losing control and access to large pieces of land, no longer able to use the natural resources derived from it. As land is fundamental for the identity, the sustenance and the alimentary safety of a community, land grabbing therefore has had a variety of consequences at a social, cultural, economic and political level. The transfer of control often takes place without informative transparency or agreement from the local communities living and working in these areas, who are forced into a radical change of life, often accompanied by human rights violations. The impacts on gender relations are crucial to this narrative, in particular how women from rural communities are affected. The aim of this work is to investigate how these gender relations are changed as a consequence of the shifts in the management of land, where existing imbalances are amplified, with a strong impact on the distribution of power in rural communities and the lives of the people who belong to them.

Abstract. Come invertire la rotta della svendita indiscriminata del territorio? Quale sviluppo promuovere in accordo con le esigenze ambientali ed economiche? Con l'obiettivo di porre le basi di un effettivo superamento delle criticità determinate da abuso o uso improprio del costruito, l'Università di Palermo ha promosso: il Progetto APRAE (Analisi, Prevenzione e Recupero dell'Abusivismo Edilizio), il Progetto HERA (Habitat Edilizia Recupero Ambiente) e il Progetto Egeo_Med sorto dalla virtuosa collaborazione con il Ministero della Cultura Ellenico (Grecia). Le ricerche hanno ap- profondito da una parte la struttura fenomenologica dell'abusivismo e gli squilibri apportati al «sistema abitativo»; dall'altra hanno individuato strategie di recupero competitive nell'ottica della sostenibilità, dell'innovazione e della partecipazione. ; In the modern scenario of economical social and environmental crisis, even the areas of architectural/technology research are called to make resurrect a political liability able to hustle the "community" upon critical issues and loss of balance that affect the built environment and housing system, claiming the role of the University in the formulation of appropriate design strategies, to address scientific and technical choices of action. In this perspective the study on the phenomenon of unauthorized building is a process of research and experimentation, aimed to protect the heritage and to deepen the culture of design and environmental technology. In the increasing of the abusive building we find a chronic lack of project, known in its specificity of process whose aim is a quality product, both formal, performancing, and structural. And it is in this lack of project, in this irresponsible way of building, where we can see the real problem of abusive building. Investigating on the illegal housing production by triggering compensatory actions derived from a critical reading of the imbalances imposed to the housing system, thus means to come back - as Edmund Husserl says- «an die Sachen selbst» 'to things' themselves, whose settlement is made of and investigate on its phenomenological processes that have involved and/or distorted it generating the crisis of values, we must understand its structural features in its genesis and overlapping, we need to analyze the critical points and lines of force, which characterize and distinguish its transformations. We need a strategic program opened to interdisciplinary scientific debate, specifically to those sectors interested on routing every forecast concerning any changes of the existent both in terms of urban and environmental regeneration, and recovery of the building.

It has been nine years since the Treaty of Dayton put an end to the Balkan conflict. Since then, the reconstruction of Bosnia & Herzegovina has made good progress. However, the provisions laid down in the Dayton Treaty have proved to bear dangerous limits. Peace is far from being secure, especially when the bordering countries have not reached the stability necessary for the whole area to develop. The risk is that the European international community could be losing interest in the political & economical development of Bosnia & Herzegovina, thus slowing down the process of assimilation of the area in the EU. M. Williamson