Food security and food provenance are becoming topical issues in a globalised food market and a climate-insecure world. New forms of accessing food are emerging and forgotten forms being rediscovered, disrupting increasingly monopolistic commercial markets. Within this, 'local food' solutions have gained currency as consumers seek a range of satisfactions beyond price and nutrition. Little has been written on these solutions in the New Zealand context and this paper draws extensively on international literature. Here we examine several models of local food solutions and their relationship to community development. We follow the fortunes of roadside fruit tree planting on Waiheke Island, the varied levels of support or hindrance from local government and its impact on community practice. We report briefly on the results of our questioning and reflect on the expressive nature of community planting, its place in community building and impact on relationships with local government. A report commissioned by the Waiheke Resources Trust under the ITP Metro research voucher scheme.
Food security and food provenance are becoming topical issues in a globalised food market and a climate-insecure world. New forms of accessing food are emerging and forgotten forms being rediscovered, disrupting increasingly monopolistic commercial markets. Within this, 'local food' solutions have gained currency as consumers seek a range of satisfactions beyond price and nutrition. Little has been written on these solutions in the New Zealand context and this paper draws extensively on international literature. Here we examine several models of local food solutions and their relationship to community development. We follow the fortunes of roadside fruit tree planting on Waiheke Island, the varied levels of support or hindrance from local government and its impact on community practice. We report briefly on the results of our questioning and reflect on the expressive nature of community planting, its place in community building and impact on relationships with local government. A report commissioned by the Waiheke Resources Trust under the ITP Metro research voucher scheme.
Community Development Agreements (CDAs) have the potential to facilitate the delivery of tangible benefits from large-scale investment projects, such as mines or forestry concessions, to affected persons and communities. To be effective, however, CDAs must be adapted to the local context, meaning that no single model agreement or process will be appropriate in every situation. Nonetheless, leading practices are emerging which can be required by governments, voluntarily adopted by companies, and demanded by communities. These practices are grounded in ensuring that all parties are sufficiently informed, capacitated, and prepared to engage in meaningful negotiations regarding how the investor's operations should benefit local stakeholders. This article reviews existing research on CDAs, as well as available agreements from the extractive sector in Australia, Canada, Laos, Papua New Guinea, Ghana and Greenland. It articulates seven broad leading practices and how different stakeholders could work to achieve more effective agreements.
This study set out to investigate the influence of community education on participation in community development project. All the Local Government Areas of Oyo State constituted the population. The study focused on thirteen randomly selected Local Government Areas of Oyo State. A total number of 2,000 participants were randomly selected in the Local Government Areas under study. The participants included Community Development Officers, Community Leaders, Adult Literacy Organizers and the beneficiaries of the Adult Literacy classes and Community Development Projects in the various centres in the selected local government areas of the state. The study adopted a survey design. A questionnaire tagged (CEFCP) Community Education for Citizen Participation was used to elicit responses from the participants. The data collected were analysed using chi-square statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The study established that community education helped get citizens properly sensitized and mobilized for effective participation in community development projects. Community education is thus seen to be participatory and transformative in nature, therefore, it is a democratic process. Community education is therefore recommended to government, voluntary and donor agencies as a catalyst for participating in community development projects.
The aim of the study is to identify and describe community development approaches particularly emphasizing community-led local development as it dominates in the European Union as part of the rural development policy. The research is based on the literature review on community development approaches and community involvement in rural development. The most frequently used approaches are the following: community-led local development, community-led development, community driven development, community capacity building asset-based community development, and community economic development. The author concludes that the involvement of communities in development processes is promoted through specific programs implemented by policy makers and initiatives by communities and non-governmental organizations. Community involvement in development is influenced by many factors, such as democratic traditions and societal experience, the distribution of power and the exchange of knowledge between the social agents involved in development processes, the availability of resources and the skills to use them. Community projects are another way in which local agents can participate in improving the quality of life and solving local problems.
The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; "2008 ED GUIDE.doc" ; "9/08"--Colophon. ; The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; "2007 ED GUIDE.doc" ; "4/07"--Colophon. ; The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This paper attempts to illustrate on how the empowerment theory can be applied as a critical approach to increase power and capacity of community development. Empowerment is not seen only in the theoretical and philosophical perspectives, but it is an alive approach and can be applied to increase the well-being of life to a better state at the individual, organisation and even community levels. Many community issues were discussed by academicians using the empowerment approach such as the issues of poverty, health, women, people with disabilities, single mothers, youths, leadership, organisations and so on. It is because this approach is an effective approach to resolve issues by empowering target individuals or groups to take effective actions through the capabilities and potentials developed. The discussion will begin with a review of the definitions of empowerment, which is closely related to the concept of power. In the context of community development, empowerment refers to the mechanisms that individuals, organizations and communities gain to control over life and issues related to them in the economic, social, psychological and political aspects. In order to understand the concept of empowerment clearly, an in-depth discussion will be done by looking at its definition from two dimensions; on whether empowerment is a process or an outcome. Using a qualitative approach to analyze content, books, journals and so on, several steps or processes have been developed to apply empowerment as an approach that can be practiced in the context of community development, especially in rural areas. Keywords: Empowerment, Community Development, Power, Capacity Development.
Today all countries are adopting development strategies based on the knowledge economy. Cities become promoters of innovations by offering an innovative ecosystem following the connections that arise between all actors, thus adopting the concept of Smart City. This article argues the importance of the research component generated by universities and research institutes for the community development. The cluster approach is an effective tool to take into account the interests of the scientific and educational environment and the business community needs, creating conditions for knowledge and innovations transfer into the real economy. Particular attention was paid to the role of government policies to stimulate clusters development and to stimulate the participation of science component within partnerships of universities and research centers with business sector.
This is a conference paper. ; In order to strengthen the real ownership and leadership of the communities in rural water supply implementation the Community Development Fund (CDF) approach was developed in Rural Water Supply and Environmental Programme in Amhara Region. The purpose of the CDF approach is to create an alternative funding mechanism, which is separate from the conventional governmental funding mechanisms, which are many times slow and bureaucratic and cannot support natural private sector development. In this approach the funds for the water supply construction are not anymore channelled to the implementing Water Office, instead the funds are transferred to the community using private credit institution in fund management. In CDF the community elects an executive body called WATSANCO, which manages the funds, construction and material management as well as the management of the water point after construction. Amhara Credit and Savings Institution (ACSI), a share company, which has branches in each Woreda (District) carries out the fund management with 2% commission only. The CDF project coordination at the Woreda level is carried out by the Woreda Community Development Fund Board (CDFB) having members from government offices and local organizations and private sector. CDF approach in funding will support the decentralization of responsibilities, i.e. initiating and implementing water supply projects by communities and user groups themselves, which will have a significant impact on the ownership issue from the very start. This approach has had enormous impact on the community's capacity and it has also increased the rural water supply implementation pace. The approach builds the community capacity to take the lead of their own development with other sector development projects as well.
"Community development is the crucible of democracy, the place where citizens come together to share their dreams and plan their common futures." When I began back in the department we talked about the fact that – despite not needing a solid definition – there is risk that the body of knowledge and skill that is Community Development might be lost or diluted if it was not celebrated, reinvigorated and protected. This journal was formed to do just that. Fitting within a broad framework of what Community Development should be, Whanake was born of wanting to create a place where citizens from across the Pacific region can come together to share their dreams and plan their common futures – safe guarding the many fine definitions that our community of practice has been built upon. Of celebrating, reinvigorating and protecting the conversations Gavin and I have held dear.
"Community development is the crucible of democracy, the place where citizens come together to share their dreams and plan their common futures." When I began back in the department we talked about the fact that – despite not needing a solid definition – there is risk that the body of knowledge and skill that is Community Development might be lost or diluted if it was not celebrated, reinvigorated and protected. This journal was formed to do just that. Fitting within a broad framework of what Community Development should be, Whanake was born of wanting to create a place where citizens from across the Pacific region can come together to share their dreams and plan their common futures – safe guarding the many fine definitions that our community of practice has been built upon. Of celebrating, reinvigorating and protecting the conversations Gavin and I have held dear.
The theoretical dimensions of Community Development (CD) have been translated into practice all over the world to promote tangible development in deprived communities since the 1950s. In Ghana the practice of CD has received both state and non-state support. Whiles institutions and organizations are contributing to community development over the years, community members themselves are equally contributing with or without any state support for the development of their communities. The collective effort in this endeavour implies that the practice of CD is key for the growth and development of deprived societies. This desk top case study therefore reviewed literature on the subject, and the application of it in Ghana. The study revealed that several approaches were available for both public and private organizations in the practice of CD with Decentralization as the major driving force in Ghana. Beside, the paper established that, the role of the government and NGOs should be to inspire local initiatives that improve community wellbeing. The paper also argues that, top-down planning and implementation of development projects have to give way to bottom-up or active community participation to achieve 'development through negotiation.
By and large, the nation's banks have not publicized the story of their significant, sometimes crucial, role in community development. For this low-profile approach, they have paid a high price in lack of public understanding and legislative empathy. Their record,however, is impressive, particularly if "community development" is broadly defined to include the various forms of assistance that banks render to state and local governments that sponsor or finance community development projects.
