Suchergebnisse

Institutions have returned to the research agenda of social sciences on renewed theoretical foundations. The new institutional economics & the historical & comparative institutional analysis have made theoretical contributions on the historical, political, & economic role of institutions, with Douglass North & Avner Greif being the main contributors. This paper analyzes the process of institutional change of the Spanish economy in the transition from Francoism to democracy. The analysis studies the existence of a Northian predatory State in the self-undermining institutional equilibrium of the early Francoism, & it follows the path of institutional change towards the self-reinforcing institutions with a contractual State on the democratic stage. Adapted from the source document.

The work examines the general principles derived from the literature on the rational use of non-renewable resources, in the attempt to achieve intertemporal social optimisation of resource exploitation, and issues linked to fiscal federalism. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of centralisation/decentralisation of resource exploitation are explored and international comparative experience is examined. A review of the evolution of the national and comparative institutional legal framework, and of quantitative aspects of the Argentinian case, finally makes it possible to draw some public policy recommendations to be adopted by the governments, with particular reference to Argentina. Project "Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism: A proposal for the reform of the Federal co-participation regime for taxes in Argentina "in the Department of Economics of the UNLP is supported by the Tinker Foundation. Director of the Project: Dr Alberto Porto. Department of Economics ; En el trabajo se examinan los principios generales que se extraen de la literatura sobre uso racional de los recursos no renovables, en el intento de la optimización social intertemporal de la explotación del recurso, y las cuestiones ligadas al federalismo fiscal. En particular se exploran las ventajas y desventajas de la centralización/descentralizacon de la explotación del recurso y se examina la experiencia comparada internacional. Un repaso de la evolución del encuadre jurídico institucional nacional y comparado, y de aspectos cuantitativos del caso argentino, permite finalmente extraer algunas recomendaciones de políticas públicas que deberían adoptar los gobiernos, con especial referencia a Argentina. Proyecto "Disparidades Regionales y Federalismo Fiscal: Una Propuesta para la Reforma del Régimen de Coparticipación Federal de Impuestos en la Argentina" que se realiza en el Departamento de Economía de la UNLP cuenta con el apoyo de Tinker Foundation. Director del Proyecto: Dr. Alberto Porto. Departamento de Economía

This article presents a comparative analysis of the optimal fiscal response to shocks in the sub-national public sector in cooperative and non-cooperative models. The analysis is undertaken by comparing models that assume idiosyncratic demandside shocks and sub-national autonomy to collect taxes, with models that assume that the central government collects the taxes of the whole country and redistributesthem across regions. Results show that under symmetrical conditions, the non-cooperative solution may result in greater stabilization and lower sub-national public expenditure than the cooperative solution. However, if regional asymmetries are introduced into the model, results may be reversed.

The adult literacy policy developed by the Eduardo Frei government in Chile between 1964 and 1970 is analyzed. It describes the sociopolitical irruption of the urban poor, the theoretical development that this implied, and the social integration policies that were generated since the state. Subsequently, the tension between the proposal of Jesuit Roger Vekemans -a theoretical theoretician of expansionist educational policies with comparative objectives- and the Psycho-Social Method developed by Paulo Freire.

El presente trabajo es una aproximación al Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Colombia y los Estados Unidos desde el Análisis Económico del Derecho. Inicialmente se reconstruye la normativa del acuerdo y sus funciones económicas fundamentales, contextualizando el libre comercio con Estados Unidos desde una perspectiva comparada, y analizando su papel tanto en el ámbito de la economía globalizada como en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional. Posteriormente se realiza una aproximación conceptual al Análisis Económico del Derecho y sus principales debates doctrinales, aplicando herramientas teóricas que permitirán comprender cabalmente la problemática del TLC entre Colombia y los Estados Unidos, y los impactos de las asimetrías existentes entre estos países durante el proceso de negociación, que se reflejan en los resultados obtenidos durante estos tres años de implementación, los cuales dan cuenta del mejor desempeño alcanzado por los Estados Unidos. (texto tomado de la fuente) ; This paper makes an approach to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Colombia and the United States in the perspective of the Law and Economics (L and E). In a first place makes a reconstruction of the Agreements regulations and their principal economic functions, making a context of the United States' Free Trade settings in a comparative perspective, analyzing their role the scope both the global economy and national legislation. At second place, makes a conceptual approach from a perspective of the Law and Economics (L and E) and their main doctrinal debates, applying their theoretical tools that allow a fully understanding of the economic problems derivate to the FTA signed by Colombia and the United States, and the impact of the asymmetries between these countries in the negotiation process. as well as reflected in the results obtained in the three years of deployment, which realize the best results are achieved by the United States. ; Maestría ; Derecho Privado y Económico

The present work on the Bank Credicoop Limited Cooperative (BCCL) is part of the Research Project "Impacts of MERCOSUR Regional Integration in the Cooperative Sector". It is carried out at the Institute of Cooperative Studies of the Faculty of Economics of the National University of Plata, in direct liaison with other centres of studies in the continent. The following Case Study seeks to analyse, using concrete experience, the integration processes that the cooperative sector clearly carries out. In particular, this analysis will seek to understand under which conditions such agreements are established and under what terms they are given. The Bank, which is unique in size, makes it possible to observe various processes of effective linkage with the external environment and a specific form of administration and management. Such a monitoring and understanding tool is based on the fact that, through common experience, which has been built up over years of research work, it is possible to obtain diagnostic elements from the comparative sector. Both this process and the selection of the case are determined by the agreement of the universities involved in the project. This work is part of the Research Project "Impacts of MERCOSUR Regional Integration in the Cooperative Sector". Faculty of Economics ; El presente trabajo sobre el Banco Credicoop Cooperativo Limitado (BCCL) se inscribe dentro del Proyecto de Investigación "Impactos de la Integración Regional del MERCOSUR en el Sector Cooperativo". Se realiza en el Instituto de Estudios Cooperativos de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, en directa relación con otros Centros de Estudios del continente. En el siguiente Estudio de Caso se busca analizar, por medio de una experiencia concreta, los procesos de integración que el sector cooperativo efectúa en forma manifiesta. Particularmente, en dicho análisis se intentará comprender bajo qué condiciones se establecen dichos acuerdos y en qué términos se dan los mismos. Este Banco, de ...

O artigo discute alguns dos principais conflitos econômicos que surgem nas áreas rurais do Chile, devido ao desenvolvimento acelerado das atividades primárias orientada para a exportação no contexto neoliberal. Nós nos concentramos em territórios específicos predominam pela indústria do vinho, silvicultura e salmão. A par desta apresentamos as expressões políticas mais importantes que se relacionam com cada um dos conflitos abordados em cada um dos territórios. Nós selecionamos três locais como estudos de caso, as áreas onde usamos a etnografia como uma estratégia de pesquisa. Conclui-se com a identificação e reflexão sobre as semelhanças e divergentes econômicas e políticas em os territórios rurais. ; This paper presents the some of the main economic conflicts that emerge in rural areas of Chile due to the accelerated development of primary activities oriented of the export in neoliberal context. We focus on specific areas predominated by the wine, forestry and salmon industry. Together with the above we present the most important political expressions that relate to each of the conflicts treated at each of the territories. We selected three places as case studies, areas where we do ethnographic work as a research strategy. We conclude identifying and reflecting on the commonalities and differences between the economic and the political in the rural territories. ; El artículo aborda algunos de los principales conflictos económicos que emergen en los territorios rurales de Chile debido al desarrollo acelerado de actividades primarias orientadas a la exportación en contexto neoliberal. Nos centramos en territorios concretos donde predominan las actividades vitivinícola, forestal y la salmonicultura. Junto a lo anterior se presentan las expresiones políticas más importantes que se vinculan con cada uno de los conflictos tratados en los distintos territorios. Se han seleccionado tres lugares como estudios de caso, zonas donde se ha realizado trabajo etnográfico como estrategia de investigación. Se concluye ...

This paper focuses on the interpretation made by different schools of economics about the relations of production and the capital-labor conflict, in order to connect with the social and political study of economic reality. For this, we will perform a comparative literature, beginning with Marx's contributions about class relations, law of value, price formation and profit, and its connection with Ricardo's theory. So, we will examine the influence exercised by the Marxian theory in neoclassical approach, Schumpeter thought and Kalecki analysis. ; El presente trabajo versa sobre la interpretación que realizan diferentes escuelas de la economía sobre las relaciones de producción y el conflicto capital-trabajo, con el objeto de conectarlas con el estudio social y político de la realidad económica. Para ello, se realiza una literatura comparada, comenzando con los aportes de Marx, sobre las relaciones de clase, la ley del valor, la formación de precios, la ganancia y la competencia, así como su conexión con la teoría de Ricardo. De este modo, indagaremos en la influencia que ha ejercido la teoría marxiana en el enfoque neoclásico, el pensamiento de Schumpeter y el análisis de Kalecki.

Este artículo presenta aproximaciones para la elaboración de un modelo de gestión dirigido a la banca comunal para el Ecuador. El estudio comparativo de las organizaciones, Banca Comunal A de la ciudad de Latacunga y el Banco Comunitario B de la ciudad de Quito1, visibilizó la urgencia de herramientas de gestión apropiadas a sus realidades, considerando que sus prácticas y principios –inclusión, ayuda mutua, solidaridad, autogestión y participación democrática–, difieren de la banca convencional y se enmarcan en las finanzas populares y solidarias. La información cuantitativa-cualitativa, producto del trabajo de campo, permitió comprender las dinámicas internas y las relaciones externas de las organizaciones y, posterior, establecer los elementos básicos del modelo de gestión que se propone en este trabajo. ; This article presents approximations for the elaboration of a management model directed to the communal banking for Ecuador. The comparative study of the organizations, Banca Comunal A from Latacunga City and Banco Comunitario B from Quito city, made visible the urgency of management tools appropriates to their realities, considering that their practices and principles –inclusion, mutual aid, solidarity, self-management and democratic participation–, differ from the conventional banking and are framed in the popular and solidarity finances. The qualitative-quantitative information, product of the fieldwork, allowed to understand the internal dynamics and the external relations of the organizations and, later, to establish the basic elements of the management model proposed in this work.

Este artículo presenta aproximaciones para la elaboración de un modelo de gestión dirigido a la banca comunal para el Ecuador. El estudio comparativo de las organizaciones, Banca Comunal A de la ciudad de Latacunga y el Banco Comunitario B de la ciudad de Quito1, visibilizó la urgencia de herramientas de gestión apropiadas a sus realidades, considerando que sus prácticas y principios –inclusión, ayuda mutua, solidaridad, autogestión y participación democrática–, difieren de la banca convencional y se enmarcan en las finanzas populares y solidarias. La información cuantitativa-cualitativa, producto del trabajo de campo, permitió comprender las dinámicas internas y las relaciones externas de las organizaciones y, posterior, establecer los elementos básicos del modelo de gestión que se propone en este trabajo. ; This article presents approximations for the elaboration of a management model directed to the communal banking for Ecuador. The comparative study of the organizations, Banca Comunal A from Latacunga City and Banco Comunitario B from Quito city, made visible the urgency of management tools appropriates to their realities, considering that their practices and principles –inclusion, mutual aid, solidarity, self-management and democratic participation–, differ from the conventional banking and are framed in the popular and solidarity finances. The qualitative-quantitative information, product of the fieldwork, allowed to understand the internal dynamics and the external relations of the organizations and, later, to establish the basic elements of the management model proposed in this work.

The tenacious threat to health, quality of life and desire because the environment is protected in the long term, makes collective social action constant, which requires governments to act quickly against scourges. Productive, industrial and commercial sectors, multidisciplinary teams between scientists and technicians work based on a progressive awareness to combine ecology, biology, economics, accounting, sociology, architecture, law and many other disciplines and thus get involved in the protection and stability of the planet's environment. It is a urgent desire in which we all require responses to so many environmental requirements, to reduce the friction and tension generated by the concern, so, especially auditors, accountants and, social, financial and environmental information reviewers, use any methodological means to capture, evaluate and interpret and then professionally disseminate the appropriate environmental socio-economic information. Based on the exposed, in this paper three components are studied to analyze the results of an Environmental Accounting: The REA Financial Information System (Resources, Events and Agents) because it handles the accounting data in a binding manner, by events; the GRI Guidelines implemented by the Global Reporting Initiative and the International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS. It is a study to follow to shape a methodology, so that, immediately, based on the findings, the policies and strategies are defined so that the organizations reorient and / or define their environmental issues and the interested parties make the pertinent decisions to better convenience. A methodology for research and reporting is developed when studying the environmental component of any entity, a methodological development is carried out, conclusions and proposals are provided. It is concluded that although the information studied comes from the REA Financial Information System, studying the GRI Guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative helps the professional, the researcher, auditor, environmental reviewer to acquire and complement their knowledge together with the third component of this work as are the International Financial Reporting Standards whose Conceptual Framework clears the viability for environmental matters. ; La tenaz amenaza a la salud, la calidad de vida y el deseo porque el medioambiente se proteja a largo plazo, hace constante la acción social colectiva, que exige a los gobiernos a actuar frente a los flagelos con prontitud. Sectores productivos, industriales y comerciales, equipos multidisciplinarios entre científicos y técnicos trabajan en función de una progresiva toma de conciencia para conjuntar ecología, biología, economía, contaduría, sociología, arquitectura, derecho y muchas otras disciplinas y así involucrarse en la protección y estabilidad del medioambiente del planeta. Es un deseo apremiante en el que todos requerimos respuestas a tantas exigencias ambientales, para disminuir la fricción y la tensión que genera la preocupación, por lo que, de manera especial auditores, contadores y, revisores de la información social, financiera y ambiental, utilizan cualquier medio metodológico para captar, evaluar e interpretar y luego difundir de manera profesional la información socioeconómica ambiental adecuada. Con base en lo expuesto, en este documento se estudian tres componentes para analizar los resultados de una Contabilidad Ambiental: El Sistema de Información Financiera REA (Recursos, Eventos y Agentes) porque maneja los datos contables en forma vinculante, por eventos; las Directrices GRI implementadas por la Global Reporting Iniciative y las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera NIIF. Es un estudio a seguir para conformar una metodología, para que, en lo inmediato, sobre la base de los hallazgos, se definan las políticas y estrategias para que las organizaciones reorienten y/o definan sus cuestiones medioambientales y los interesados tomen las decisiones pertinentes a mejor convenir. Se elabora una metodología para la investigación y presentación de informe al estudiarse el componente ambiental de cualquier entidad, se realiza un desarrollo metodológico, se brindan conclusiones y propuestas. Se concluye que si bien la información estudiada deviene del Sistema de Información Financiero REA, estudiar las Directrices GRI de la Global Reporting Initiative ayuda al profesional, al investigador, auditor, revisor medioambiental a adquirir y a complementar sus conocimientos junto con el tercer componente de este trabajo como lo son las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera cuyo Marco Conceptual despeja la viabilidad para la materia ambiental.

The "Ongoing Seminar 2021: Historical and International Perspective of the Colombian Health System" was held in the first semester of the year 2021 with the participation of thirty speakers or panelists, twenty-two of them residents in Colombia and eight from abroad, all of them belonging to universities, research centers and international agencies. It was organized by the Health Economics Group of the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Antioquia and the Public Health Group, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Colombia. The seminar was designed as an open access virtual academic activity, from historical and international perspectives, fed by plural visions coming from disciplines such as economics, sociology, political science, and public health, with systemic, comparative, and prospective analysis approaches. The seminar was carried out with the purpose of advancing in-depth analysis of the institutional processes, achievements, problems, and perspectives of the health system in Colombia, to serve as a basis for debate and policy proposals in the scenarios of democratic analysis of the options that the health system has, in the present and in the future. The seminar initially included three theoretical or contextual sessions, the first dedicated to reviewing the perspective of health systems in middle-income countries, with Anne Mills as opening speaker; the second to discussing the role of the State and the market, with keynote lectures by Ana Sojo, and Jorge Iván González, and the third to raising and discussing aspects of measuring health outcomes, with the participation of Frederico Guanais of the OECD, Daniel Maceira, and Sergio Prada. The seven sessions were dedicated to discussing the design and evolution of the Colombian system, framed within the fundamental functions of health systems. These sessions addressed issues related to stewardship and governance, financing, service delivery and public health. The right to health and primary health care were ...

This article originates from the project International Cooperation in the Social-Sciences and Humanities: Comparative Socio-Historical Perspectives and Future Possibilities directed by Gisèle Sapiro. Such project aimed at delineating a "comparative morphology" which accounted for the institutional organization and internationalization of Humanities and Social Sciences in seven disciplines (Sociology, Psychology, Philosophy, Economics, Literature, Anthropology, and Political Science) and in nine countries (Argentina, Brazil, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Austria, the Netherlands, Hungary and the United States). Within that project I analyzed the processes of institutionalization and internationalization of literary studies in Argentina between 1958 and 2015. What follows is based on a synthesis of that study. This article examines the place the university has had in a subfield affected by fluctuation between dictatorships and restorations of democracy, economic crises and different public policies regarding the funding of education, science and technology. The first section briefly pinpoints the methodological decisions made in this study, followed by a brief reconstruction of the results. This paper concludes with reflections on the university and the dynamics of the subfield of Literary Studies in Argentina. ; Este artículo se desprende del proyecto International Cooperation in the Social-Sciences and Humanities: Comparative Socio-Historical Perspectives and Future Possibilities, dirigido por Gisèle Sapiro. Dicha investigación buscó delinear una "morfología comparativa" que diera cuenta de la organización de las ciencias sociales y humanas en siete disciplinas (Sociología, Psicología, Filosofía, Economía, Literatura, Antropología y Ciencias Políticas) en nueve países (Argentina, Brasil, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido, Austria, Países Bajos, Hungría y Estados Unidos). En ese marco analicé los procesos de institucionalización e internacionalización de los estudios literarios en Argentina entre 1958 y 2015. Esta presentación se basa en la síntesis de esa investigación: examina el lugar que la universidad ha ocupado en un subcampo atravesado por la fluctuación entre dictaduras y restituciones de la democracia, crisis económicas y diferentes políticas de financiamiento de la educación, la ciencia y la tecnología. La primera sección precisa, sintéticamente, las decisiones metodológicas tomadas. Luego se resumen los resultados. Finalmente, se concluye con reflexiones sobre el lugar de la universidad en la dinámica del subcampo de los estudios literarios en Argentina.

The modern society necessitates the introduction of new IT-solutions to meet its needs. With the spread of know-how, the need for its detailed analysis with the further determination of the direction of development. The purpose is to carry out an analysis of the introduction and functioning of know-how, as well as to determine the vectors of its use, taking into account the needs of participants in legal relations arising in this area. The subject of research – information technologies (know-how) as objects of intellectual property rights in their use. The methodological basis consists of the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the dialectical method, the comparative-legal method, the system method, and the logical-legal method. The result of this work is to identify the importance of the information technologies in everyday life of modern society and the level of popularity of their use, outlining possible vectors of development in the economics in the direction of digitalization and justification of the need to improve the provisions of current legislation within the considered topic, expressing the idea of the direction of innovative information policy in the direction of active use of blockchain and maximum compliance with the protection of personal data of customers.

La hipótesis de la compensación sostiene que los ciudadanos demandan a sus gobiernos gastos en seguridad social que les protejan de la volatilidad económica introducida por la globalización. Es más, algunos autores afirman que el apoyo popular a la globalización depende del mantenimiento o incluso extensión del Estado de Bienestar. La explicación reside en que si los ciudadanos observan que la integración económica perjudica a los sistemas de protección social, se opondrán a la globalización. Aquí mostramos que existe una relación positiva entre gastos en seguridad social y apoyo al libre comercio. Otros factores que afectan igualmente a la opinión sobre el libre comercio son: la educación, la dotación de capital humano de cada país, la edad, el género, la ocupación y el área de residencia. Una vez descontados todos estos efectos, la correlación entre gastos sociales y el apoyo al libre comercio de cada país es aún más robusta. Los resultados indican que las resistencias a la globalización se pueden vencer mediante el mantenimiento del Estado de Bienestar. Los ciudadanos parecen estar dispuestos a que se intensifique la globalización si, a cambio, reciben una compensación que les proteja de la mayor volatilidad económica, sobre todo de inseguridad en el trabajo, que este proceso conlleva.