Suchergebnisse

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Niniejsze opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza opisuje strategię rządu koalicji Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (PiS), Ligii Polskich Rodzin (LPR) i Samoobrony w latach 2005– 2007 wobec sektora energetycznego. Program wyborczy PiS jako główny cel względem sektora energetycznego wskazał kwestię dywersyfikacji kierunków dostaw surowców energetycznych do Polski, m.in.: dostawy gazu z Norwegii, projekt terminalu gazu skroplonego LNG oraz projekt gazociągu Sarmackiego. Zrezygnowano natomiast z pomysłu gazociągu Aleksandra Gudzowatego Bernau–Szczecin. Druga część tekstu analizuje perspektywy rynku energetycznego w Polsce po wyborach w październiku 2015 r., które wygrała partia Prawo i Sprawiedliwość. Uzyskana większość głosów pozwala jej samodzielne sprawować rządy w państwie. Celem publikacji jest wskazanie głównych założeń jej strategii bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski. ; This study consists of two parts. The first describes the strategy of the coalition of Law and Justice (PiS), the League of Polish Families (LPR) and Self-Defense in 2005–2007 towards the energy sector. Law and Justice's election program chose as its priority the issue of diversification of energy supplies to Poland, for example the gas supply from Norway, the LNG terminal project and the Sarmatian pipeline project. However, it abandoned Aleksander Gudzowaty's project for the construction of the Bernau-Szczecin gaspipeline. The second part analyzes the prospects of the energy market in Poland after the elections in October 2015, won by PiS (Law and Justice). As the party holds the majority in the Polish Parliament, it does not need to form any coalition to rule independently. The resulting majority allows it to self-govern the country. The purpose of the paper is to identify the main objectives of the Polish energy security strategy.

NGO's are of great interest for observers as a measurement of quality of civil life and subsidiarity in society. They expose the directivity and outcomes of citizens' activities, of their interests, values, beliefs, and their existence conditions. Their development is empowered or hampered by the legal and administrative regulations. Nongovernmental organizations generate social initiatives of local groups. They are seen as a partner of local governments. They also indicate the scope of social, educational, health, and ecological problems of certain locality. Six administrative localities of comparable potentials from Poland and Lithuania (three + three) were under investigation. Relationship and cooperation between local governments and local citizen associations, the sources of financial support of NGO, projects and other activities implemented by nongovernmental organizations were comparatively analyzed. A comparative study gives deeper insight into local prosocial activities on both sides of the border. Both investigated regions across the border are under different rules of administration, have different past, though they are located in neighbourhood and interconnected by many cultural and historical congruities. The article is finalised by conclusions involving variety and similarity of Lithuanian and Polish NGO's achievements.

NGO's are of great interest for observers as a measurement of quality of civil life and subsidiarity in society. They expose the directivity and outcomes of citizens' activities, of their interests, values, beliefs, and their existence conditions. Their development is empowered or hampered by the legal and administrative regulations. Nongovernmental organizations generate social initiatives of local groups. They are seen as a partner of local governments. They also indicate the scope of social, educational, health, and ecological problems of certain locality. Six administrative localities of comparable potentials from Poland and Lithuania (three + three) were under investigation. Relationship and cooperation between local governments and local citizen associations, the sources of financial support of NGO, projects and other activities implemented by nongovernmental organizations were comparatively analyzed. A comparative study gives deeper insight into local prosocial activities on both sides of the border. Both investigated regions across the border are under different rules of administration, have different past, though they are located in neighbourhood and interconnected by many cultural and historical congruities. The article is finalised by conclusions involving variety and similarity of Lithuanian and Polish NGO's achievements.

In the group of Central Asian countries, the Republic of Kazakhstan appears to be scientifically best communicated with Europe. Thus it has raised an increasingly strong interest – also on the part of comparative law researchers. The subject matter of this article is an attempt to reform territorial administration and to establish territorial self-government in Kazakhstan. The reforms have not been implemented without any resistance or mistakes, it is important, however, that the need to change and modernize local government structures is discerned. The debate over the constitutional reform of the local political system favours the construction of social awareness of the fact that a clear distinction between the territorial government administration and territorial self-government as well as the latter's independence, determines the construction of civil society and democratization of social life. ; Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim