Suchergebnisse

by Pang Kin-Man, James. ; Questionnaire in English and Chinese. ; Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-26). ; ABSTRACT --- p.ii ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv ; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.viii ; Chapter ; Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM --- p.1 ; A History of the KCR --- p.1 ; A New Era for KCR --- p.3 ; The Market Profile --- p.4 ; The Evolution of Open Competition --- p.9 ; Social Changes --- p.9 ; Economic Changes --- p.10 ; Political Changes --- p.10 ; Declining Competitive Advantage --- p.11 ; The Business Problem --- p.12 ; Market Segmentation --- p.12 ; Peak Hour Services --- p.14 ; Non-peak Hour Services --- p.14 ; Aims of the Project --- p.15 ; Chapter II. --- RELATED LITERATURE: CRITIQUE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.17 ; Related Literature --- p.17 ; Fare --- p.17 ; Services and Facilities --- p.19 ; Overall Image --- p.22 ; Bibliography --- p.25 ; Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.27 ; Exploratory Research --- p.27 ; Data Collection --- p.28 ; Secondary Data --- p.28 ; Primary Data --- p.29 ; Questionnaire --- p.29 ; Sampling Design --- p.29 ; Information Sought --- p.31 ; Pretest and Revision --- p.32 ; Data Compilation and Analysis --- p.32 ; Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.33 ; The Secondary Research --- p.33 ; Market Share of the KCR --- p.33 ; The Peak-hour and Non-peak-hour Segments --- p.34 ; Attitudes of Passengers in the Peak-hour Segment --- p.36 ; The Primary Research --- p.37 ; Demographics of Respondents --- p.37 ; Travelling Habits in the Non-peak-hour Segment --- p.38 ; Criteria in the Non-peak-hour Market --- p.43 ; Awareness of Places in the NT --- p.45 ; Consideration of Using KCR in Leisure Time --- p.47 ; Conclusion --- p.49 ; Chapter V. --- SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.52 ; Summary --- p.52 ; The Competitive Forces --- p.52 ; Alert to Changes --- p.54 ; Recommendation --- p.54 ; A Positioning of the Corporation --- p.54 ; The Objectives --- ...

Yip Kin Fung. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 2 --- The Distribution of Fluctuations in Financial Data --- p.5 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Empirical Statistics --- p.5 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Data analyzed --- p.8 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Levy Distribution --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Returns Distribution and Scaling Properties --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Volatility Clustering --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.21 ; Chapter 3 --- Models of Herd behaviour in Financial Markets --- p.22 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Cont and Bouchaud's model --- p.22 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Model of Egiuluz and Zimmerman --- p.24 ; Chapter 3.3 --- EZ Model with Size-Dependent Dissociation Rates --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Democratic and Dictatorship Self-Organized Model --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of Size-Dependent Fragmentation and Coagulation Prob- abilities --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Extensions of EZ model --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.7 --- Conclusion --- p.39 ; Chapter 4 --- Review on the Minority Game(MG) --- p.42 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Model and Results --- p.42 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Crowd-anticrowd Theory and Phase Transition --- p.46 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Market Efficiency --- p.48 ; Chapter 5 --- MG with biased strategy pool --- p.52 ; Chapter 5.1 --- The Model --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.3 --- Theory: MG with Biased Strategy Pool --- p.61 ; Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.69 ; Chapter 6 --- MG with Randomly Participating Agents --- p.71 ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Model with One RPA --- p.71 ; Chapter 6.2 --- Results for q = 0.5 --- p.72 ; Chapter 6.3 --- Inefficiency and Success Rate --- p.76 ; Chapter 6.4 --- Results for q ≠ 0.5 --- p.82 ; Chapter 6.5 --- Many RPAs --- p.85 ; Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.86 ; Chapter 7 --- A Model on Coupled Minority Games --- p.88 ; Chapter 7.1 --- The Model --- p.89 ; Chapter 7.2 --- Results and Discussion。 --- ...

by Xueyi Chen. ; Thesis submitted in: December 1997. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-106). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Table of Contents ; Abbreviations ; Timeline ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Purpose and Significance ; Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Structure ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Historical Background ; Chapter 2.1 --- Development of China's Stock Markets ; Chapter 2.2 --- Paradox in China's Stock Markets ; Chapter 2.3 --- Stock News Reporting in China ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Literature Review ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Perspective of Political Economy: An Overview ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Political Economy of China's Party Press: Change and Continuity ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- "In the Mao Era: The Chinese Press as Propagandist, Agitator and Organizer" ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- In the Era of Economic Reform: A Paradigm Shift ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Assumptions ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methodology ; Chapter 5.1 --- Four Periods: Operational Definitions for the Interplay of State Controls and Market Forces ; Chapter 5.2 --- Contexts of the Field Study ; Chapter 5.3 --- Research Procedures ; Chapter 5.2.1 --- Content Analysis ; Chapter 5.2.2 --- In-depth Interview ; Chapter 5.2.3 --- Documentary Analysis ; Chapter 5.2.4 --- Participant Observation ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- Stock News Reporting under State-Market Dynamics ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Period of Initial Reforms: From the Early 1980s to the Mid-1980s ; Chapter 6.1.1 --- Continuing State Controls ; Chapter 6.1.2 --- Absence of Market and Competition ; Chapter 6.1.3 --- Content Pattern: Ideological Orthodoxy ; Chapter 6.1.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting ; Chapter 6.2 --- The Period of Continuing Reforms: From the Mid-1980s to the Late1980s ; Chapter 6.2.1 --- Relaxed State Controls ; Chapter 6.2.2 --- Emerging Competition ; Chapter 6.2.3 --- Content Changes: Minor Departures from Ideological Orthodoxy ; Chapter 6.2.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting with Increased ...

by Xu Kai. ; Thesis submitted in: December 1999. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-135). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT (English) --- p.iii ; ABSTRACT (Chinese) --- p.v ; ACKNOWLEDEMENT --- p.vi ; LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii ; Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1. --- Prelude --- p.1 ; Chapter 2. --- The Questions of Intra- and Inter-Organizational Dynamics --- p.5 ; Chapter 3. --- Hybridization: A Historical Trajectory of Chinese Advertising Industry --- p.8 ; Chapter 4. --- Competition and Professionalization: Two Challenges Facing State-Owned Ad Agencies --- p.14 ; Chapter 5. --- The Basic Conceptual Framework and A Chapter Outline --- p.19 ; Chapter Chapter II --- "Space, Spatial Partition and Situated Practices of A State-owned Ad Agency" --- p.22 ; Chapter 1. --- "Strategic Practices, Locale, and Institutional Changes" --- p.22 ; Chapter 2. --- Key Concepts and Their Linkages --- p.27 ; Chapter Chapter III --- Methodology --- p.40 ; Chapter 1. --- Case Study and Case Selection --- p.40 ; Chapter 2. --- PrQcedure of Fieldwork --- p.42 ; Chapter 3. --- Data and My Identities in Data Collection --- p.46 ; Chapter 4. --- Validity of My Interpretation --- p.50 ; Chapter Chapter IV --- Spatial Partitioning and Routine Practices at PAC --- p.53 ; Chapter 1. --- Seaside Province and Phoenix City --- p.53 ; Chapter 2. --- Physical Settings of PAC --- p.57 ; Chapter 3. --- Professionalization of PAC in the Front Region --- p.68 ; Chapter 4. --- The Transformation of Organizational Structure --- p.71 ; Chapter 5. --- Routine and Non-routine Practices in the Back Region --- p.77 ; Chapter 6. --- The Mixture of Two Systems in PAC --- p.93 ; Chapter Chapter V --- Patrolling the Spatial Partition in Competition --- p.97 ; Chapter 1. --- Bidding as A Critical Moment --- p.98 ; Chapter 2. --- PAC's Preparation for Submitting A Bid --- p.99 ; Chapter 3. --- PAC's Excellent Performances in ...

Guo, Xinxin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-78). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Abstract (Chinese Translation) --- p.iii ; Acknowledgments --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.vi ; List of Figures --- p.viii ; Romanization and Translation --- p.ix ; Limitation of this Thesis --- p.x ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Approaching the Dolans and their Music --- p.1 ; Pre-existing Research --- p.4 ; Methodology and Fieldwork --- p.13 ; Chapter 2. --- Becoming an "Intangible Cultural Heritage´ح:Cultural Policies of UNESCO and the Chinese Government --- p.21 ; UNESCO and its Convention for the Safeguarding of the ICH --- p.22 ; Cultural Policies of the Chinese Government and their Implementation --- p.28 ; The Central Government´ةs Call for Preserving the Culture of Ethnic Minorities --- p.31 ; Transcribing Dolan Muqam --- p.37 ; The Local Government´ةs Implementation of Cultural Policies --- p.42 ; The Music Videos of Dolan Muqam --- p.46 ; Summary --- p.49 ; Chapter 3. --- Ketmen vs. Rawap: Transmission of Dolan Muqam in New Contexts --- p.50 ; Performance and Farming: Changes in Life of the Older Generation --- p.51 ; Learning Muqam: Career Potentials for the Younger Generations --- p.55 ; Dolan Muqam Training Classes in Mekit County --- p.57 ; The 13th National Young Singers TV Competition on CCTV --- p.60 ; Summary --- p.68 ; Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.69 ; Political Implications of Safeguarding the ICH --- p.69 ; Old Tradition and New Transmission --- p.71 ; References Cited --- p.73

West, Matthew Ellis. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 250-260). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract (in English and Chinese) --- p.ii ; Acknowledgments --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction ´ؤ China and Intellectual Property --- p.1 ; Introduction ; What is Intellectual Property? ; Chenggong Music and Movies ; Lost in Translation ; Piracy ; Copying ; An Historical Perspective ; "The Past, Sharing, and Censorship" ; Methodology and Xi'an's Disc Market ; Chapter Breakdown ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review 一 An Anthropological Approach to IP --- p.37 ; The Anthropology of Property ; Human Rights Discourses ; Economic Pragmatism? ; The Return of Power ; Toward a Theory of IP ; Metaphorical Framing ; Stages of IP Advocacy ; Local Contextualization ; China: Global Pressure and Local Response ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Daoban as a Moral Business --- p.60 ; The Commoditization of IP ; Price is all that Matters! ; Pricing Practices within Stores ; Pricing Determinants ; Moving Beyond Price and Quality ; Consumer Fraud and Fakes: The Breakdown of Price and Quality ; Competition and the Disc Business ; Is it Zhengban or Daoban? ; Doubting the Difference ; Relative Morality: Guilt and Stealing ; The Ambivalent Position of Chinese Retail Business ; Conclusion: Passive Contestation and the Moral Sphere ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Daoban as an Illegal Commodity --- p.104 ; Petty Economic Crime ; "Cheating, Plagiarism, and Painting" ; Petty Economic Illegality ; Illegality in China's Context: The Government Connection ; Backing (beijing) ; Corruption ; Structural Issues: Officials and Enforcement ; Policing Norms ; Norms of Copyright Enforcement ; Social Consequences of Enforcement ; Action Against Vendors ; Action Against Pornography ; Justifications and Responses ; Conclusion: Daoban and Illegality ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Daoban and Intangible Property --- p.155 ; What is Daoban? ; Dowloading and the ...

So Ming Hang. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-227). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.v ; Content --- p.vii ; List of Table and figures --- p.xi ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: the dilemma of RTHK and research questions --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Significance of the study: importance of the mass media and RTHK in the political process in Hong Kong --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the study: practical policy concerns for RTHK --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- The unstable financial situation of the public broadcasters around the world --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- "The political context of Hong Kong, which RTHK is situated" --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research questions --- p.22 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: The normative role of public broadcaster and their performance in actual practice compared with commercial broadcaster --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Public vs Private --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Theoretical defense for the public broadcasting: Market failure in broadcasting --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Spectrum scarcity and failure of competition --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- """Public goods"" nature of broadcasting" --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Externality of the broadcasting as a media --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- The incapacity of the audience --- p.34 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Spectrum scarcity: Weakening rationale --- p.35 ; Chapter 2.5 --- "Market Solution for the ""public goods"" failure: Advertising" --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical studies: The public broadcasters may not be very different --- p.39 ; Chapter 2.6.1 --- Information source/news source/guest --- p.39 ; Chapter 2.6.2 --- Topics/Agenda --- p.42 ; Chapter 2.6.3 --- Frames/Themes/Angle --- p.43 ; Chapter 2.6.4 --- Other studies --- p.44 ; Chapter 2.7 --- Theoretical explanation for the quite similar phenomenon between the public and ...

Chan, Pui Lun. ; "December 2010." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-147). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract of thesis entitled: --- p.i ; Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii ; Romanization and Translation --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter One - --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- "Motivations, Arguements and Methodology" --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Ethnomusicological Studies on Chinese Operas --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Studying Peking opera in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Biographies of Mainland Peking Opera Performers --- p.5 ; Newspapers Reports and Columns --- p.6 ; Interview Transcripts of Peking Opera Artists in Hong Kong --- p.7 ; Government Documents and Archival Data --- p.8 ; Fieldwork --- p.8 ; Challenges and Limitations --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Outline --- p.10 ; Chapter Chapter Two - --- The History of Peking Opera in Hong Kong --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.1 --- The Dual Forces of Cultural Policies --- p.15 ; Tour Performances as Diplomacy --- p.15 ; The First Encounter: Mei Lan-fang's Tour in 1922 --- p.17 ; Cultural Competition between the Two Chinese Regimes --- p.21 ; Cultural Policy of the Colonial Government before 1980 --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Early Peking Opera Activities in Hong Kong --- p.26 ; Peking Opera in Recordings and Radio Broadcasting --- p.26 ; Peking Opera Films in the 1940s and 50s --- p.33 ; Integrating Peking Opera with Local Martial Arts Films in the 1960s and 70s --- p.35 ; Local Peking Opera Academies --- p.38 ; Amateur Peking Opera Groups --- p.42 ; Hybridization Between Peking Opera and Cantonese Opera --- p.43 ; Chapter 2.3 --- An Entertainment for Mainland Emigrants --- p.48 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.51 ; Chapter Chapter Three - --- Contemporary Peking Opera Activities --- p.54 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Continuing Political Influence --- p.55 ; The Shifting Dynamics of Political Influences in the ...

India's Indo-Pacific diplomacy is born out of its 'Look East' policy, initially aimed at extending its influence into the Asia-Pacific region. Modi's June 2018 address at the Shangri La Dialogue marked New Delhi's full embracing of the Indo-Pacific concept. Thereafter, Indo-Pacific diplomacy, or such a vision, has become a new pillar of Indian foreign policy, and a new angle through which it is observed. India's Indo- Pacific diplomacy will continue to put emphasis on its relationship with ASEAN and respect for ASEAN's centrality in regional security cooperation. Meanwhile, India is expected to strengthen multilevel exchanges and cooperation in different areas with like-minded countries such as the US, Japan, and Australia, and continue to engage in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) – but probably keep a relatively low profile. Though it may share common interests with the US in dealing with a rising China, India so far seems to prefer hedging its bets on both China and the US, and is reluctant tochoose a side too early. Consequently, India's Indo-Pacific diplomacy will maintain a relatively clear-cut strategic independence. Limitations of India's Indo-Pacific diplomacy include: the kind of competition and confusion that seems to exist between its two ambitions, i.e. the Indian Ocean region as India's paramount strategic focus, and the Asia-Pacific as the hub of its Indo-Pacific diplomacy; ASEAN's centrality may be diminished by the Indo-Pacific; and India's simultaneous engagement with Quad and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization may leave the awkward impression of straddling two boats. ; 印度的印太外交脱胎于其东向政策,初心是为融入亚太。以莫迪2018 年6 月香格里拉论坛讲话为标志,印度已全面接受"印太"概念,印太外交或印太构想将成为印度对外政策的新视角和新支柱。印度的印太外交将继续重视东盟外交,尊重东盟在地区安全合作中的中心地位。同时,印度将与美、日、澳这些"志同道合"的国家在多个层面、多个领域强化互动与合作,会继续参与四国集团但会适度保持低调。尽管在应对中国崛起上印度与美国有共同利益,但印度目前仍希望在中美间采取对冲战略,不想过早选边站队,因此其印太外交将保持较强的战略自主性。印度印太外交的局限在于:印度的主要战略方向印度洋与其印太外交的主要方向——亚太之间似乎存在某种矛盾;印太本身冲击东盟的地区中心地位;以及印度同时参与四国集团和上合组织也让人感觉印度"脚踩两只船"。

在過去的十年中,香港出現了大量呼籲保存「本地社區」的社會網絡和文化的社會運動。這些社會運動交織著對政府推行的市區重建項目和政府文物保育政策的批評。這些批評指出政府的政策過度重視經濟發展,進一步加深社會矛盾和弱勢群體的邊緣化。 ; 本論文中的社區博物館正是在香港資本主義的城市發展模式下催生而成。為了反對有關城市發展的官方話語和將自己的利益最大化,社區博物館中的各利益持份者,根據他們對當地的歷史和文化的解釋,各自建構他們關於「社區和地方文化」的話語。這些多元的「社區」話語在這個社區博物館的構成,揭示了來自不同社會背景的團體之間的角力。本論文指出該社區博物館的建立和運作,促使分屬各社會階層的團體進行政治協商。他們各自的主張在社區博物館中交流,結果提出了有別於官方著眼經濟的「發展」模式,改以「社區」作本土文化的另一「發展」模式。這過程展示了不同社會階層間的權力流動,以及他們為加強自身的社會的政治影響力和爭奪經濟資源而展開的競爭。 ; In the past decade, numerous social movements have emerged in Hong Kong calling for the preservation of social networks and "cultures" of the "local community". These social movements have been interwoven with local critiques of the urban renewal projects and heritage conservation policies implemented by the government. The critiques point out that the government policies overweigh economic development and further increase social disparity and marginalization of disadvantaged groups. The community museum in this study was established in a capitalistic model of urban development in Hong Kong. Various stakeholders construct their own discourses of "community and local culture" in the community museum in order to oppose official discourses about urban development and maximize their own interests. Thus the making of the "community and local culture" in this community museum reveals a negotiation among the parties of different social background. ; This research argues that the establishment and operation of the community museum enable groups from different social segments to negotiate and construct their own discourses based on their interpretations of local history and culture. This research also showcases both the power dynamics of different social classes and their competition for their own socio-political influences and economic resources through proposing an alternative model of urban development. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Tsang, Ching Yi. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. ; Includes bibliographical references ...

本研究旨在探索台灣自一九九零年代末推行之母語復興運動及其影響。作為使用者為數最多的本土語言,閩南語一度沒落;隨著母語復興措施當中、鄉土語言教學政策的廣泛開展,閩南語自「方言」一逕躍升為台灣文化的象徵,更被從政者甚至政府利用作對外宣傳之用。 ; 作者通過語言人類學田野考察方法,試圖以閩南語作為案例,釐清及解讀以下幾點:(一)台灣民眾當今的語言選擇及使用狀況;(二)他們的語言態度,與其文化認同之對應關係;(三)語言在台灣族群認同政治所扮演的角色;(四)語言政治在各社會文化層面所引起之角力;(五)方言(或語言,如原住民語言)群之競爭,如何掀起語言及文化傳統之再造和復興,以圖合理化其族群作為台灣文化象徵的地位。 ; 研究結果顯示,雖然巴赫汀 (Bakhtin) 的「眾聲喧嘩」(heteroglossia) 理論在實務層面與台灣的多語、多元文化相呼應,但當地政府所提倡之文化多元論、以及各持份者之間的隱性競爭,若以布迪厄 (Bourdieu) 的文化複製理論和傅柯(Foucault) 的權力知識理論解讀,當更適切。總的來說,台灣的母語復興運動,乃一項與昔日保守政權的抗衡行為賦權,控制兼具的政治行動,更是多元政治文化的象徵。 ; This thesis looks into the government-led language revitalization campaign in Taiwan with special reference to the case of Hokkien, one of the "bensheng" (local) vernacular with Han Chinese roots, in terms of language rights, ethnogenesis, and cultural legitimacy. Tracing the rise and development of concepts such as cultural heritage, ethnic identity and democracy in the region, the focus is placed on the recent changes in Taiwan's language ideology and the intricate emergence of Hokkien as one of the "national" languages and symbols apart from the official language, i.e. Mandarin Chinese. ; Against the backdrop where contesting discourses on language and culture discourses co-exist and crossbreed with each other, there are a number of closely-related issues that this thesis examines in particular: (1) the ways in which language choices are made and perceived in various contexts; (2) implications of such language choices as related to one's cultural identities; (3) the role of language politics in self and group identification and ethnic classification in Taiwan; (4) the power dynamics in various socio-cultural spheres; and (5) the resulting competition of multiple speech groups in Taiwan for authenticity, legitimacy and superiority in the political arena by means of reconstruction and reinvention of ethnic languages and traditions. ; The findings reveal that despite the practical relevance of Bakhtin's theory of heteroglossia to Taiwan's current ethnogenesis against the backdrop of multilingualism and ...

本文以明初官定程朱理學讀本《四書五經性理大全》的成書和思想反應為中心,旨在探討朱子學在14、15世紀流衍、官學化乃至自我更新的過程。作為士人參加科舉考試的必讀之書,《四書五經性理大全》原則上締造著明代士人的思維結構乃至行事方式,成為他們為學從政的依據和根基。全文主要分為三個部份:第一部份重點討論此書萌生於14世紀的主要學術背景,指出它是在元代浙江、江西、徽州三地朱子學並競發展的多元化局面中醞釀而生的。第二部份首先檢討了明初洪武、永樂兩朝帝王一脈相承卻又有不同的理學取態。同樣尊信理學可以幫助治國,太祖樂於以務實態度來修正和完善朱子學並顯現出他淩駕於道統的情形,而明成祖則將程朱理學視作其政權合法性的依據進而操縱了儒家道統,《大全》正是在明初政治文化微妙而重大轉變中應運而生的。本文接著考察了《大全》的編纂、取材與影響,從中指出編纂地選在北京對成祖遷都部署的配合作用,並分析《大全》內容取材的地域特色,及此特色所受敕撰要求、書籍流通、人事安排等因素的影響;統計其刊行情況以證實《大全》地位在有明一代從未被動搖,在晚明乃至成為商業出版中有利可圖的公共文化資源的情形。本文第三部份重點以15世紀持續出現的多種《大全》反應性著作為分析對象,從中觀察《大全》被作為舉業的讀本、行道的載體、救正時弊乃至變革士人思想的必由取徑,而在地方學官、著名儒者以及土木之變後學者型官員中引發的激烈迴響和對其批評、質疑、修正的相應行動。透過這些討論,本文期望檢討14世紀朱子後學的多元化發展與並競局面、明初帝王的理學取態對於明初理學的官學化進程的實際影響,以及15世紀的菁英士大夫如何運用"統一"後的理學學說來應對現實危機與朱子學發展困境等議題。 ; This dissertation studies the formation of and intellectual responses to the Sishu Wujing Xingli Daquan( Great Compendia of the Four Books, Five Classics and Human Nature and Heavenly Principle), which were compiled in the Yongle period (1403-1424), in the context of the spreading and self renewal of Zhu Xi's philosophical school in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. As must-read books for the imperial examinations, the Compendia affected Ming scholars' mode of thinking and their way of doing things. They also formed the basis of their classical learning and political participation. ; The study begins with an analysis of the intellectual background of the Compendia in the fourteenth century. It points out that there were three types of development and competition patterns of Yüan Neo-Confucianism in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Huizhou. ; The research then reviews the important changes of attitude from the Hongwu emperor to the Yongle emperor towards Neo-Confucianism. Although both emperors believed that Neo-Confucianism could help them better govern the country, the Hongwu emperor was keen to see revisions of Zhu Xi's classical exegesis. To meet his realistic needs he even ignored the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy. The Yongle emperor, however, used Neo-Confucianism as the basis of his political legitimacy and thus ...

对于转型期中国地方政府行为的研究,现有文献日益重视正式制度对官员行为的激励和约束作用:以GDP为标尺的相对绩效考核制度是改革开放后中国经济成功的决定因素,同时该正式制度也是地方政府忽视公共物品供给的重要原因。即使在考虑了正式制度及社会经济因素之后,本研究仍然观察到地方政府在公共物品供给水平上存在着显著的地区和时间差异。然而,对于此差异背后的决定因素,现有文献却考察不足。本文认为,非正式制度是造成该差异的原因。通过采用地区领导人籍贯作为非正式制度的代理并利用1990年至2010年的中国地级市数据,本研究系统检验了上述假设。本文发现,和来自外地的地方领导人相比,那些在其籍贯地任职的官员有更大的动力为本地区提供公共服务:本地籍贯的领导在基础教育、公共医疗和环境保护上的财政投入比重显著高于外地籍贯的领导。本研究同时发现,公共服务支出份额的增加是以基础设施建设支出的减少为代价的:本地籍贯官员对该项支出的投入比重显著低于外地籍贯官员。同时,利用省级数据及相同的模型设定,本文也发现非正式制度在省级行政单位依然发挥作用,但作用程度减弱。上述发现彰显出在一个正式制度主导的环境中,非正式制度依然发挥着显著的作用,并在一定程度上弥补了前者的不足。在实证发现的基础上,本研究又通过案例分析和访谈进一步考察了非正式制度发挥作用的机制。通过分析两个地级市的本地籍贯领导大力发展民生项目的行为以及普通民众对本地官员和外地官员的看法,本文详细说明了非正式制度对官员行为产生影响的机制,从而为实证分析揭示出的因果机制提供了证据。本研究认为,造成上述差异的原因在于:相比于外地官员,本地官员更多地被嵌入到当地的人际网络中,出于对本人及本家族在家乡声望的重视,他们会对民生项目有更多的投入。本文对非正式制度及两种制度互动的考察凸显出非民主国家内部官员行为丰富的制度动态。 ; Literature on local government behavior in transitional China has primarily examined the impact of formal institutions on the motivations of officials in promoting local economic growth. In particular, investigations focused on how the existing personnel management system provides a "yardstick competition among local officials and therefore guarantees the success of economic reform. Meanwhile, such formal institutions have similarly been studied for the crucial reason that local government ignores the provision of public goods. Nevertheless, even after controlling the influence of formal institutions and socio-economic factors, variations could still be observed on the level of efforts among local governments regarding the provision of public goods. However, these variations cannot be sufficiently explained by existing literature. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 1990-2010, aims to fill this gap through a systematic examination of the effects of informal institutions on local government behavior, especially the casual relationship between the hometown of officials and the provision of local public goods. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 19902010, aims to fill this gap by systematically examining the effects of ...

本文探讨中国的地方政府如何根据中央政府在不同环保子政策上的命令强度和信息收集能力来策略式的选择性执行环保政策,并且讨论了中央政府对此,如何通过命令和信息机制督促地方政府进行环境保护。 ; 本文使用两个维度划分不同的环保政策子领域。第一个维度是自上而下的命令。它主要考察中央政府是否在一项具体的污染破坏问题采取一票否决、目标责任制、责任包干、绩效考核等类似方法给予地方以激励、命令和压力。第二个维度是自下而上的信息反馈。它考察中央是否有方法或技术能够知悉地方的环境污染和破坏程度,并能准确将这些环保责任归罪到具体单位上。根据这两个维度的高低搭配,我们依照将地方政府环保政策的不同子领域分为命令强、信息强的强力贯彻领域,命令强、信息弱的象征性执行领域,命令弱、信息强的政绩型执行领域,和命令弱、信息弱的消极执行领域。 ; 地方政府依此策略式的根据不同政策领域特征有选择性的执行一些政策。地方会优先重视那些有目标责任制规定任务并能够量化考核的政策任务,而对有目标责任制规定任务但难以量化考核政策领域采取形式化的努力措施。对于没有采取目标责任制的政策领域,有些易于取得量化成绩的,地方可能根据本地区情况进行执行,能够起到一定政绩加分作用。对于既没有目标责任制又没有量化考核机制的政策领域,地方政府则会在政策执行中漠视之。 ; 中央政府在环保政策的执行上与地方一直进行着互动。有感于环境污染的加剧和公民意识的提升,中央政府在近年从命令和信息两个维度进行了一些新的改革,明确提出了加强省以下环境执法监察垂直管理体系,逐渐将块块管理改向条条管理。在命令上,淡化GDP考核、强化垂直管理、进行污染总量控制、实行区域限批和环保约谈。在信息维度上,采取了上收监测事权、交由第三方进行监测和采用卫星遥感等新技术手段来强化信息的收集和归责。 ; 文章依照大气、水和土壤等不同污染领域,依据作者在中国不同省份的田野调查和环保相关文件详细展示了各类环保子领域中地方政府选择性政策执行的运作方式,以及中央政府相应采取的一些措施。 ; This dissertation investigates how China's local governments selectively implement environmental policies according to whether the central government adopts strong command, and whether the latter has the capacity to collect information. Also, I discuss the latest measures the central government has taken to curb local governments' strategic behaviors. ; To categorize various environmental policies, two important dimensions, I argue, should be taken into account, i.e. top-down pressure and bottom-up information feedback. By up-down pressure, I mean whether the central government adopts target responsibilities, binding targets, veto, goal-setting, performance evaluation, tournament competition and other similar methods to work as orders and incentives for local officials. The other dimension, information feedback, refers to whether the central government has the capacity to collect genuine and accurate information through various means such as remote sensing, and to clearly determine the responsibility of polluters and local governments. Based on these two dimensions, we can present a two-times-two matrix, classifying various environmental policy areas into 4 types. They are ...