Suchergebnisse

This paper describes the main theoretical concepts of the competition, which is thought to be the fundamental social process in the economy. The protection of competition (or the competition policy) is the one of the most important parts of economic policy, because the competition ensures the freedom of choice. The theory of competition provides large number of assumptions, which were developed within the frame of various economic schools & approaches. This paper starts with the description of the history of competition policy before the coming of Adam Smith. In the middle part of the work there have been formulated basic ideological theses about economic policy. Represented are, for example, the Classics, Ordo-liberalism or Neo-austrian School. Paper is finalized by the major theses of the Harvard & Chicago school. References. Adapted from the source document.

Corporate competitiveness has been an attention-attracting phenomenon for decades. Nonetheless, this publication aims to deepen its understanding. First and foremost, and as a major contribution, it brings the operationalization of the concept of competitiveness. However, its principal contribution is an application of the sequential forward flow search algorithm together with the nearest neighbors' classifier, the joint usage of which has managed to reduce potential competitiveness factors to the most informative ones, i.e. those that can in their combinations best discriminate between the less competitive and more competitive companies. Furthermore, the publication contains preliminary results of the research which means that it identifies possible competitiveness factors in Czech companies

This paper registers some notes and interrogations concerning the express legal enshrinement of the concept of Social Market Economy. It highlights the ordoliberal origin of this concept and questions its meaning – associated with a certain loss of intensity from the clear proclamation of the principle of Competition – in terms of the economic ordination of the Internal Market and European integration. However, the question to be asked brings us back to the effective and contextualised characterisation in the current moment of European integration – the economic Constitution of the EU. Will there be, then, a change of the ideological referential in the economic constitution of the EU and, consequently, in the paths that are intended to be trailed in the future? Or, instead, is the emergence of the express enshrinement in the Treaty of the "Social MarketEconomy" not indicative of a shift of perspective (sense of direction) of the economy in the Internal Market, but only an evolution in continuance? ; No presente texto, registam-se algumas notas e interrogações a propósito da consagração expressa do conceito de economia social de mercado. Sublinha-se a origem ordoliberal de tal conceito e questiona-se o significado, em termos de ordenação económica do mercado interno e da Integração europeia, de tal afirmação (economia social de mercado) associada a uma certa perda de intensidade na proclamação clara do princípio concorrencial. Mas a interrogação que se pretende suscitar e abordar com as notas e pistas de reflexão registadas, reconduz-se à caracterização efetiva e contextualizada no atual momento da integração europeia, da Constituição económica da UE. Haverá, então, uma mudança de referencial ideológico na constituição económica da UE e, por conseguinte, nos caminhos que se pretendem trilhar em termos de futuro da integração europeia? Ou, ao invés, a emergência, em termos de consagração expressa no Tratado, da "economia social de mercado" não significa uma mudança de perspetiva (sentido ordenador) da economia no Mercado Interno, mas sim, apenas uma evolução na continuidade?

The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsidies on enterprises & to discuss the magnitude & effect of state aid on enterprises during the transformation of the Czech economy. Subsidies to enterprises during transformation were high, often transparent, & above the European Union average. During 1997-2003 registered state aid reached 362 bn. CZK. More than 90 percent of the total registered state aid went to awards the rescue & restructuring of enterprises. It can be roughly estimated that during 1997-2000 state aid was twice as high as officially registered. Share of state aid to enterprises in public debt increased & reached 70 percent by 2003. Non-transparent channels of state aid distribution decrease the efficiency of state aid, as they distort market signals & decrease motivation for fair competition. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

Este artigo evidencia a desconexão entre o debate e a produção contemporânea de edifícios residenciais multifamiliares no Brasil, investigando a aplicação do conforto ambiental nos três projetos vencedores do concurso Weefor Arq. Partindo-se de uma análise crítica dos documentos do concurso, avalia-se a adequação das propostas às condicionantes climáticas de Curitiba (ZB1). São realizadas simulações computacionais com os plug-ins Ladybug e Butterfly para analisar a radiação solar na envoltória, o sombreamento das sacadas e a ventilação natural externa aos edifícios. Avaliou-se ainda o atendimento às NBRs 15220 e 15575 quanto ao desempenho térmico da envoltória e ao percentual de área de abertura. Os resultados apontam que, embora o concurso expresse clara preocupação com o bem-estar do usuário, na prática, as limitações impostas pelas dimensões do terreno, legislação urbana, número de unidades solicitadas e o despreparo dos arquitetos quanto aos aspectos de conforto ambiental comprometem a aplicação das estratégias bioclimáticas nos projetos. O artigo denuncia os prejuízos gerados aos usuários quando os arquitetos são excluídos da etapa de planejamento do empreendimento. ; This paper highlights the disconnection between the theoretical and practical activity regarding contemporary residential buildings in Brazil, investigating the environmental comfort solutions in the winning projects of the Weefor Arq design competition. After a critical analysis of the competition's documents, the projects suitability to Curitiba's climate conditions (ZB1) is evaluated. Numerical simulations are carried out with plug-ins Ladybug and Butterfly to assess incident solar radiation in the buildings' envelope, the balconies shading effect and the outdoor natural ventilation conditions. The compliance with NBRs 15220 and 15575 was also evaluated regarding the envelope's thermal properties and the percentage of opening area. Results emphasize that, although the documents express clear concern with users' well-being, in practice, architects do not succeed in applying the bioclimatic strategies due to the limitations imposed by the plot dimensions, legislation, the housing units requested and architects' inability to deal with environmental comfort issues. The paper points out the damage caused to users when architects are excluded from the real estate development stage.