Suchergebnisse

En los espacios públicos se han multiplicado las formas de articulación entre individuos y organizaciones provenientes de una gran variedad de ámbitos sociales. Estos sistemas asociativos complejos pueden ser muy diferentes entre sí. Pero al cruzar las fronteras entre estado, mercado y sociedad civil enfrentan un reto similar: articular las acciones de los participantes sin destruir su autonomía y diversidad. Aquí se presenta un modelo para analizar y evaluar estos sistemas, tanto en su dimensión social como política.

Persistence is an important characteristic of many complex systems in nature, related to how long the system remains at a certain state before changing to a different one. The study of complex systems' persistence involves different definitions and uses different techniques, depending on whether short-term or long-term persistence is considered. In this paper we discuss the most important definitions, concepts, methods, literature and latest results on persistence in complex systems. Firstly, the most used definitions of persistence in short-term and long-term cases are presented. The most relevant methods to characterize persistence are then discussed in both cases. A complete literature review is also carried out. We also present and discuss some relevant results on persistence, and give empirical evidence of performance in different detailed case studies, for both short-term and long-term persistence. A perspective on the future of persistence concludes the work. ; This research has been partially supported by the project PID2020-115454GB-C21 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). This research has also been partially supported by Comunidad de Madrid, PROMINT-CM project (grant ref: P2018/EMT-4366). J. Del Ser would like to thank the Basque Government for its funding support through the EMAITEK and ELKARTEK programs (3KIA project, KK-2020/00049), as well as the consolidated research group MATHMODE (ref. T1294-19). GCV work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the ERC-CoG-2014 SEDAL Consolidator grant (grant agreement 647423).

▪ Abstract  The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, has recently become a major focus of interdisciplinary research in the social and natural sciences. Nonlinear systems are ubiquitous; as mathematician Stanislaw Ulam observed, to speak of "nonlinear science" is like calling zoology the study of "nonelephant animals" (quoted in Campbell et al. 1985 , p. 374). The initial phase of research on nonlinear systems focused on deterministic chaos, but more recent studies have investigated the properties of self-organizing systems or anti-chaos. For mathematicians and physicists, the biggest surprise is that complexity lurks within extremely simple systems. For biologists, it is the idea that natural selection is not the sole source of order in the biological world. In the social sciences, it is suggested that emergence—the idea that complex global patterns with new properties can emerge from local interactions—could have a comparable impact.

1. David Pines and Me -- 2. To err is human: the complex nature of human reproduction and prenatal development -- 3. Short notes on theories of species diversity -- 4. Museum Workshop, evolution of human intelligence and education -- 5. Anomalous behavior of random walks on disordered media -- 6. Pollution, Human Capital, and Growth Cycles -- 7. Productive Consumption in a Two-Sector Model of Economic Development -- 8. Time and Mnemonic Morphism -- 9. Universality and the Role of Limitations Influencing Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances -- 10. Some Conceptual Principles with Mathematical Background for Interdisciplinary Developments in the Sciences and Beyond -- 11. The Role of Paradox in the Development of Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances -- 12. Elucidation of Chaotic Market Hypothesis Based on Ergodic Theory -- 13 -- Itinerant-Electron Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations− Aspects of Theories and Experiments -- 14. Quantum-size effect probed by NMR measurements -- 15. Recent Topics on Organic Spin Liquid Candidates -- 16. Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species and G-quadruplexes in Telomeres and Mitochondria -- 17.Evolution, Motor of the Changing Biosphere -- 18. New horizons in brain science -- 19. Evolutionary perspective on Suffering : Murase's "Self-Nonself circulation theory of life" applied to PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure) -- 20. Machine Learning for Metabolic Identification -- 21. Ignorance, Creation, Destruction -- 22. A Unified Theory and Practice of Creative Complex Systems: Challenging to the Systemic Problems Spanning the Inside and Outside World. .

This manuscript is composed of 18 contributions studying interactions in complex systems. These contributions were presented at the international conference on Interactions in Complex Systems, organized at University of Orléans in June 2013. This multidisciplinary manuscript aims at presenting how different disciplines may see their research topic from the complex system perspective and how interactions are accounted for in these complex systems. In this manuscript, we find contributions in mathematics, physics, computer sciences, robotics, life sciences, economics, linguistic, humanities or science of educationThe book is split into 4 parts, each one approaching interactions in complex systems from a particular perspective. We have gathered contributions by approach rather than by studied topic, the latter way being, to our viewpoint, less relevant to this type of book. The first part of the book contains papers dealing with interactions at the system level. The included contributions address territory planning, the traveling of population in the Neolithic era or interactions in neuron populations.The second part collects articles studying \textbf{networks} and proposing different methods for their analysis. This part contains contributions on link prediction, on interaction analysis in communities learning, on the influence of the type of strategies updates (parallel or sequential) on the evolution of cooperation among humans, opinion dynamics or the social function of gossip. Articles included in the third part focus on the analysis of interactions in social communications. As such, this part gathers papers studying teacher-student relations, the modeling of the teacher's evaluative speech to study students' interactions and the effects on learning or the modeling of human communications. Finally, the last part of this book is devoted to the analysis of interactions between economic agents in different fields. Thereby, a contribution develops a methodology to forecast employability of students in Earth ...

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Management in an Age of Complexity -- Financial Transparency as a Factor of a Company's Attractiveness in the Era of Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Computational Algorithms for Conducting a Factor Analysis of the Company' Liquidity Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Research Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Planning Methods and Liquidity Management in a Commercial Organization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Research Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Reference -- Financing an Organization's Working Capital During Different Lifecycle Stages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Fuzzy-Multiple Technique for Conducting an Aggregated Assessment of the Financial Stability in an Enterprise Employing a Spectrum-Point Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 L. V. Dontsova and N.A. Nikiforova Method -- 2.2 G. V. Savitskaya Method -- 2.3 A. N. Salov and V. G. Maslov Method -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Applying the Optimal Control Methodology to the Mathematical Model of Sales Volume Distribution in a Company -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Statement of Objectives of Optimal Control and Optimality System -- 3.2 Numerical Study of Optimality Systems -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The ARIZ-71 Algorithm for Finding Strategic Ideas in the Field of Entrepreneurship -- References -- Financial Strategy Indicators and Financial Policy Tactics in a Corporation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References.

Purpose
This paper attempts to apply complex theory in futures studies and addresses prediction challenges when the system is complex. The purpose of the research is to design a framework to engineer the futures in complex systems where components are divers and inter-related. Relations cannot be interpreted by cause and effect concept.


Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors shaped a conceptual framework based on engineering, complex theory and uncertainty. To extract tacit knowledge of experts, an online questionnaire was developed. To validate the proposed framework, a workshop method was adapted with NetLogo simulation.


Findings
Opinion of participants in the workshop which is collected through quantitative questionnaire shows that the framework helps us in understanding and shaping scenarios. Harnessing the complexity in developing the futures was the main objective of this paper with the proposed framework which has been realized based on the experience gained from the workshop.


Originality/value
Iterative processes are very important to harness the complexity in systems with uncertainty. The novelty of the research is a combination of engineering achievements in terms of computation, simulation and applying tools with futures studies methods.

The renewed emphasis in the UK on 'evidence-based policy making' has sharpened the focus on the utilization debate in the evaluation community. Traditionally, the emphasis is placed on methodological concerns but this article argues for a sharper focus on the underpinning theoretical bases of policy evaluation, both in terms of its role in policy making and in terms of the substantive theories which inform policy development and implementation. In particular, the article seeks to assess the implications of complexity theory for our theoretical assumptions about policy systems. It is argued that, together with 'new institutionalist' thought and recent work on policy implementation structures, notions of complexity have substantial ramifications for the way in which we approach policy evaluation, given the contemporary concern to address 'cross-cutting' social problems through 'joined-up' policy initiatives. It is suggested that our thinking about evaluation reflects the broader reaction against 'modernist' conceptions of the role of social science in our quest to change and improve the world.