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Space, in the dictionary, is "a continuous area or expanse which is free, available, or unoccupied" and "the dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move." Those of us who are social scientists may recognize Henri Lefebvre's unitary theory of space in the dictionary definition, which seeks to capture physical, mental, and social "fields" constituting space: spatial practices, representations of space, and representational space (such as the opening and closing of airports, requiring that people queue for temperature scans, constructing stadiums and choosing names for them). If anything, the spread of coronavirus disease at the present moment draws the significance of space and tensions between different concepts of space to our immediate attention.

At the same time identical space can be percepted, used and understood in different ways by varying actors. Based on exemplary examples the authors point out that these parallel conceptions of space can be identified with archaeological means. This plurality of concepts is a valuable level of understanding for the analysis of societal, religious, economic and political conditions and phenomena.

The ancient Maya civilization left us a significant corpus of glyphic inscriptions, a large portion of which consists of historical records, meticulously dating events and time elapsed between them – births, accessions and deaths of rulers, wars, ceremonies, visits and family relationships between royal dynasties, etc. (see Martin and Grube 2008). Time being such a prominent topic, the texts contain a number of time-related terms, including (1) event-based expressions (ti ik' k'in 'at black day / at dusk / at night'; i pas 'then at dawn'; si[h]yajiiy '(X years) after s/he was born'), (2) conceptualizations which are potentially and likely spatial in nature as they appear both in locative expressions and temporal adverbials (preposition ti 'in/on/at/with/as; the verb uht 'to happen' and deictic verb hul 'to arrive'; tu paat + date 'on the back of / after), and finally, (3) non-spatial metaphorical conceptualizations, such as reification and personification of the units of time. Sweetser and Gaby (2017, 626) notice that "crosslinguistically, the single primary historical source for temporal vocabulary is spatial vocabulary" and it is an overwhelming tendency observed in numerous languages around the world. Levinson and Wilkins (2006c, 6) also pose an interesting question how much spatial information is coded in language and how much is inferred from context and our knowledge of the world around us. The concept of space being so basic and significant, surprisingly little has been published on how space was conceptualized in Maya texts of the Classic Period (250-950 CE). Thus, this paper investigates how the domain of space is coded in Classic Mayan, a grapholect recorded in Maya glyphic inscriptions, how the language expresses relationships of containment, contiguity and adjacency, the manner and path of motion events, as well as available frames of reference to locate objects which are separated in space.

The article examines the concept of space of places — a theoretical framework in social sciences and the humanities for analyzing phenomenon of places and social practices used to produce and reproduce it. The purpose of the presented research consists of the following: 1) to reveal the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the construction of the concept of space of places; 2) present an interdisciplinary concept for describing and explaining the social foundations of the space of places; 3) describe the significant social practices of the reproduction of the space of places and socio-cultural integration. The article shows that key approaches to studying space of places are represented by quite different research perspectives such as neo-Marxism (H.Lefebvre, M.Castells), phenomenology (A. Schutz, G.Bachelard), P.Nora's theory of places of memory and A.Assman's theory of cultural memory and identity, M.Augé's anthropology of non-places and humanist geography (Y.-F.Tuan, Ed. Relph, T.Cresswell, D. Seamon). The article discusses the social, intellectual, ontological and epistemological bases of the concept of space of places. In a narrow sense, the unifying thesis of the research strategies is centered around the assumption of the corpus of ideas built upon the assertion that place matters. Broadly defined, the space of places is one of the fundamental foundations of the living world of individuals and groups. Space of places includes the world of everyday life (the perceived) and the world of symbolic life (the experienced). These living worlds comprise spatial practice and spaces of representation (following Henri Lefebvre's logic). Abstract space, a prevailing form of the era of neo-liberal capitalism, opposes them and imposes its own models and production / consumption logics. Hence, a value-based contradiction between two kinds of space arises. Space of places is a historically grounded way of organizing our common experience. It is a world of meanings and cultural codes united by history and identity (following the logic of Manuel Castells). The article analyzes in detail the phenomenological tradition of place; the relationship between place, memory and identity; the theoretical contribution of humanist geography to the concept of space of places.

Why, Benedict Anderson once asked, did Javanese become Indonesian in 1945 whereas the Vietnamese balked at becoming Indochinese? In this classic study, Goscha shows that Vietnamese of all political colours came remarkably close to building a modern national identity based on the colonial model of Indochina while Lao and Cambodian nationalists rejected this precisely because it represented a Vietnamese entity. Specialists of French colonial, Vietnamese, Southeast Asia and nationalism studies will all find much of value in Goscha's provocative rethinking of the relationship between colonialism and nationalism in Indochina. ; A well-written and interesting study of the formation of the modern Vietnamese, Laotian and Cambodian nation-states.Confirms the accusation that the Vietnamese communists were expansionists trying to establish an Indochinese federation.Goscha's innovative concept of space has a wider applicability far beyond the time and place he describes. First published in 1995, the revised edition of this remarkable study is augmented with new material by the author and a foreword by Eric Jennings.

This paper introduces particular conceptualisations of space and of power and brings them together in the idea of «power-geometries». It then explores the deployment of this concept in the context of the Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela, reflecting back on the nature of this engagement in political practice. Finally, it reflects briefly on how the concept itself has been enriched by this active political usage. ; Aquest article introdueix unes conceptualitzacions específiques de l'espai i el poder i els relliga sota la idea de «geometries de poder». A continuació, el text explora el desenvolupament d'aquesta idea en el context de la revolució bolivariana a Veneçuela i reprèn el significat d'aquest compromís per a la pràctica política. Finalment, també es comenta breument com el mateix concepte ha estat enriquit per aquest ús polític actiu que se'n fa. ; Este artículo introduce unas conceptualizaciones específicas de espacio y poder y las relaciona mediante la idea de «geometrías de poder». A continuación, el texto explora el desarrollo de esta idea en el contexto de la revolución bolivariana en Venezuela y retoma el significado de este compromiso para la práctica política. Finalmente, también se comenta con brevedad como el mismo concepto se ha visto enriquecido por el uso político activo que se hace del mismo. ; Cet article introduit quelques conceptualisations spécifiques sur l'espace et le pouvoir et leurs liaisons autour de l'idée de «géométries de pouvoir». Ensuite, l'article explore le développement de cette idée dans le contexte de la révolution bolivarienne à Venezuela, et reprén le sens de cet engagement pour la pratique politique. Finalement, analyse comment le même concept a été enrichi par le usage politique actif qu'on en fait.

'Ein Schwerpunkt der Globalgeschichte liegt auf der Analyse sich verändernder globaler Kommunikations-, Interaktions- und Transfermuster. Solche transformierten Konnektivitätsmuster produzieren neue Räume, welche mit dem physisch-geographischen Raum koexistieren und komplementär zu diesem sind. Die Entstehung, Transformation und Interaktion dieser Räume ist ein zentraler Forschungsgegenstand der Globalgeschichte, mit Hilfe dessen wir Globalisierungsprozesse - wie etwa das angebliche 'shrinking of the world' - besser beschreiben und verstehen können. Zugleich sehen sich globalgeschichtlich arbeitende Historiker immer auch mit dem Problem konfrontiert, ihren globalen Forschungsgegenstand räumlich einzugrenzen. Daher braucht die Globalgeschichte ein neues, inklusives Raumkonzept, das einen Rahmen sowohl für die Arbeit zu sich verändernden Räumen einerseits, aber auch zur Identifikation und Abgrenzung eines Forschungsgegenstandes andererseits zur Verfügung stellen kann. Dieser Aufsatz entwickelt daher ein abstraktes, vielschichtiges und streng relativistisches Verständnis von Raum, dass globalgeschichtlich arbeitenden Historikern helfen kann, beiden Herausforderungen gerecht zu werden.' (Autorenreferat)

Following the concept of refiguration of spaces proposed by KNOBLAUCH and LÖW (2017), in this article I emphasize interfaces for theory building, methods, and comparative research from an economic geography and regional economics perspective. Since the refiguration of spaces offers an abstract frame capable of grasping spatial relations of any order and across various scales, I will discuss the utilization of concepts of space in both subdisciplines by employing a textbook analysis. Moreover, I will include two examples of current economic phenomena where refiguration takes place. Namely, I will analyze the internationalization of companies and world trade interdependencies according to concepts of space, their implication on methods, and comparative research. In my findings, I show that the abstract frame of refiguration of spaces unlocks great potential if applied consistently. Economic geography has a great deal to offer for the micro-foundation in the refiguration of spaces, working with qualitative methods and forward-thinking concepts of space (e.g., relational or topical points of view for comparison). Regional economics allows for progress concerning the macro-foundation in the refiguration of spaces through the increased availability of regional or big data and advanced quantitative methods (e.g., manifold indexes capturing refiguration).