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The Levellers' conception of legitimate authority
This article examines the Levellers' doctrine of legitimate authority, by showing how it emerged as a critique of theories of absolute sovereignty. For the Levellers, any arbitrary power is tyrannical, insofar as it reduces human beings to an unnatural condition. Legitimate authority is necessarily founded on the people, who creates the constitutional order and remains the locus of political power. The Levellers also contend that parliamentary representation is not the only mechanism by which the people may acquire a political being; rather the people outside Parliament are the collective agent able to transform and control institutions and policies. In this sense, the Levellers hold that a highly participative community should exert sovereignty, and that decentralized government is a means to achieve that goal.
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Concepciones social-desarrollista ; Social-developmental Conceptions
La variante progresista del neo-desarrollismo prioriza la expansión de la demanda omitiendo las tensiones con la ganancia. También busca equilibrar las variables macroeconómicas desconociendo los desajustes que genera la acumulación. Su expectativa de sustraer al capitalismo de estado de las crisis que afronta el sector privado no se verifica. Tampoco es viable el reemplazo de empresarios por funcionarios. Los proyectos políticos del desarrollismo democrático-popular chocan con los compromisos asumidos por la variante conservadora y el modelo regional cooperativo está afectado por la inserción global primarizada. Es erróneo observar a los gobiernos de centro-izquierda como antesala del socialismo y sustituir la evaluación de la lucha social por registros de proximidad o lejanía del industrialismo capitalista. Respetar las singularidades nacionales no impide discutir contrastando experiencias. ; The progressive variant of neo-developmentalism prioritizes the expansion of demand omitting tensions with the rate of profit. It also seeks to balance the macroeconomic variables ignoring mismatches generated by accumulation. His expectation of shielding the state capitalism of the cirisis facing the private sector is not verified. Nor is it feasible to replace entrepreneurs by state officials. Political projects of popular democratic developmentalism collide with the commitments made by the conservative variant. The proposal to build cooperative regional model is affected by the global integration of primary exports in all countries. It is wrong to see in the center-left governments in anticipation of socialism and replace the evaluation of the social struggle for proximity or distance records of capitalist industrialism. Respect the national differences not preclude discussing contrasting experience. ; Fil: Katz, Claudio Isaac. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina
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Sentiments d'injustice, conceptions du juste et positionnement politique
L'enquête menée en France en 2010-2011 sur le thème Perception des inégalités et sentiments de justice a mis en évidence le rôle structurant de l'opposition gauche/droite sur les conceptions de la justice. Une hypothèse explicative de cette incidence réside dans la cohérence intrinsèque des représentations morales du juste. Néanmoins l'hétérogénéité des sentiments d'injustice et la variabilité des attitudes à l'égard des inégalités suggèrent plusieurs pistes interprétatives: y a-t-il une identité sociale ou politique chez les individus qui tendent à accepter ou rejeter les inégalités? Les positions sociales et les préférences politiques ont-elle une incidence sur la tolérance aux inégalités?
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Concepciones políticas y concepciones jurídicas: Incidencias en la autonomía local ; Political conception and legal conception: incidence in the local autonomy
Este estudio contiene el texto de la conferencia pronunciada por el autor en el XXII Curso de Especialización en Derecho organizado por la Universidad de Salamanca (enero 2008) sobre la autonomía local en la Constitución española de 1978 y sobre las concepciones políticas y dogmáticas sobre la misma. Se trata especialmente la autonomía financiera de los entes locales y la reciente aprobación del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña. ; This study contains the text of the conference distributed in the XXII Course Specialization in Law organized by the University of Salamanca (January 2008) about the local autonomy in the context of de Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the political and legal conceptions on the same one. A special reference to the financial autonomy of the local government and the recent approval of de Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia.
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Conceptions de la justice en éducation: construction d'un cadre d'analyse ; Conceptions of justice in education: construction of a framework for its analysis
This paper proposes a frame to analysis conceptions of justice in education. This framework can be very useful to identify conceptions about justice in educational discourses. It is a good example of its heuristic interest. In this way, it will be possible to produce a transfer of the design of different educational systems and deduce probable consequences, or also to identify in the name of what the conception of the education policy about justice is criticized or defended. After the presentation of the respective work of the two authors of this article, based on the theories of justice, three models of analysis of educational equity are discussed: Demeuse and Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) and Espinoza (2007). Finally we propose a new model to overcome the weak points identified in previous models. ; En este trabajo se propone un marco de referencia para analizar las concepciones sobre la justicia en educación. Dicho marco puede ser muy útil para identificar aquellas concepciones sobre la justicia en los discursos, lo que da buena muestra de su interés heurístico. De este modo, se podrá producir una transferencia del diseño de entre distintos sistemas educativos y deducir consecuencias probables, o también para identificar en nombre de lo que la concepción de la política de educación de la justicia es criticado o defendido. Tras la presentación del respectivo trabajo de los dos autores de este artículo, basado en las teorías de la justicia, se discuten tres modelos de análisis de la equidad educativa: Demeuse y Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) y Espinoza (2007). Finalmente proponemos un nuevo modelo para superar los puntos débiles identificados en modelos anteriores. ; Dans cet article, nous proposons un cadre d'analyse des conceptions de la justice en éducation. Développer un tel cadre d'analyse permettant d'identifier les conceptions de la justice à l'œuvre dans des discours possède un intérêt heuristique fort. Cela permet de montrer un éventuel passage d'une conception à l'autre dans un système éducatif et d'en déduire de probables conséquences, ou encore d'identifier au nom de quelle conception de la justice une politique éducative est critiquée ou défendue. Après avoir présenté les travaux respectifs des deux auteurs de cet article, basés sur les théories de la justice, nous discutons trois modèles d'analyse de l'équité en éducation: Demeuse et Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) et Espinoza (2007). Nous proposons finalement un nouveau modèle permettant de dépasser les points faibles identifiés dans les modèles précédents.
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Three conceptions of media pluralism ; Tres concepciones del pluralismo informativo
This article presents and critically analyzes the liberal conception, the democratic conception and the critical conception of media pluralism. Each of them attributes to this concept a particular function and proposes a model of organization and functioning of the media that allows the realization of such function. In the context of a system subject to accelerated dynamics of technical and economic transformation, it is a model of institutional pluralism that recognizes the functional diversity of communication platforms (television, radio, press, Internet) and allows for differentiated regulation of them that is best able to adequately distribute communicational power in a democratic society. ; El presente artículo presenta y analiza críticamente la concepción liberal, la concepción democrática y la concepción crítica del pluralismo informativo. Cada una de ellas le atribuye a este concepto una función particular y propone un modelo de organización y funcionamiento de los medios de comunicación social que permita concretar tal función. A partir de este análisis, se propone que en el contexto de un sistema sujeto a aceleradas dinámicas de transformación técnica y económica, un modelo de pluralismo institucional que reconoce la diversidad funcional de las plataformas de comunicación (televisión, radio, prensa, internet) y que permite una regulación diferenciada de ellas, se encuentra en mejores condiciones para garantizar una adecuada distribución del poder comunicacional en una sociedad democrática.
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The imaginary term in readings about modernity: Taylor and Castoriadis' conceptions
In: Revista de Estudios Sociales, Heft 9, S. 32-39
ISSN: 1900-5180
Religious origins of the rule of law conception in the United States
At the ideological level, the protection of human rights and freedoms in the United States is proclaimed as a political, legal and moral axiom. It has become a generally accepted view that the rule of law conception reflects the meaning and content of the US legal system, which is based on the original values of the American people. The ideological source of the rule of law conception in the United States was the theological direction of natural law theory. The theological direction, based in the United States on the doctrines of Calvinism, developed an attitude to law as a supernatural entity that is not subject to the state. The article considers the influence of these ideas on the formation of the modern rule of law conception in the United States. It is impossible to give a comprehensive and correct definition of the rule of law that included all the meanings of the concept and its equivalents in all languages. This creates an analogy with large-scale sacred concepts, such as "God". It can be said that the concept "rule of law" is definitely similar in this sense to the concept "God", which is also inclusive in its sphere, and means the objectified supernatural entity that is the object of worship and the source of the good.
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Well being and hapiness: Conditions for a new conception of development?
This study seeks to demonstrate the complexity involved with analysing wellbeing, beginning first with its own conceptualization and then a review of the different modes and ways that have been employed globally in order to try to measure it through the construction of various indices and social indicators. We will outline how subjective well-being has become an item of interest for the development of political science and to that end, we present some of the main evidence that has been found that shows its importance in diversespheres of the lives of people. There is little doubt that traditional indicators for measuring development and/or social progress remain insufficient for explaining the new paradoxes that exist between the subjective and objective factors of well-being. To bolster our argument, we propose a complex measurement scheme that allows for the concurrence of factorial analysis and relational systems that display an awareness that subjective well-being should be considered as a key element for a new conception of development and the progress of societies.
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Concepciones alternativas sobre Astronomía de profesorado español en formación
In: Ciência & Educação, Band 21, Heft 4, S. 799-816
The process of teaching and learning astronomy is often fraught with difficulties. The most frequently reported is the ability to generate alternative conceptions, as shown by numerous investigations in different contexts. The objective of this study is to approach the most common alternative conceptions of pre-service teachers, and also to check whether the Spanish alternative conceptions are the same as in other contexts. The results show that these students also held a number of alternative conceptions about basic astronomy and that these are similar to those found in other countries.
Transhumanismo: concepciones, alcances y tendencias ; Trans-humanism: conceptions, reach and tendencies
El presente artículo rastrea las principales fuentes contemporáneas e históricas del movimiento filosófico e intelectual denominado transhumanismo. Recurre a la propuesta elaborada por Nick Borstom, que permite exponer un panorama general de este movimiento, en principio acudiendo a relatos míticos para luego situar el discurso en una propuesta que desde los siglos XVIII y XIX se viene apoyando en discursos científicos y, más recientemente ‒desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX‒, hace alusión a la estrecha relación entre ciencia, técnica y tecnología, con el objetivo de hacer un uso ético y racional para el desarrollo mental y biológico del ser humano. Se presentan, además de los hitos en el transhumanismo, los diferentes momentos históricos que han forjado el concepto hasta nuestros días. Para concluir, se plantean como abrebocas algunos de los debates que, en términos éticos, políticos y sociales, han desatado propuestas concretas de transhumanismo. ; The present article tracks the main contemporary and historical sources of the philosophical and intellectual movement called Trans humanism and uses the proposal developed by Nick Borstom, that allows to show a general panorama of this movement, in principle, turning to mythical stories and then place the speech in an proposal that from the XVIII and XIX centuries is supported on scientific speeches and, more recently, from the second half of the XX century to our days it makes reference to the close relationship between science, technique and technology in order to make an ethical and rational use for the development of man at mental and biological level. In addition to the milestones of Trans-humanism, the different historic moments that have wrought the concept to our days are presented, and to conclude we pose as an appetizer, some of the debates that in ethical, political and social terms, has untied specific proposals of trans-humanism.
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Trans-humanism: conceptions, reach and tendencies ; Transhumanismo: concepciones, alcances y tendencias
The present article tracks the main contemporary and historical sources of the philosophical and intellectual movement called Trans humanism and uses the proposal developed by Nick Borstom, that allows to show a general panorama of this movement, in principle, turning to mythical stories and then place the speech in an proposal that from the XVIII and XIX centuries is supported on scientific speeches and, more recently, from the second half of the XX century to our days it makes reference to the close relationship between science, technique and technology in order to make an ethical and rational use for the development of man at mental and biological level. In addition to the milestones of Trans-humanism, the different historic moments that have wrought the concept to our days are presented, and to conclude we pose as an appetizer, some of the debates that in ethical, political and social terms, has untied specific proposals of trans-humanism. ; El presente artículo rastrea las principales fuentes contemporáneas e históricas del movimiento filosófico e intelectual denominado transhumanismo. Recurre a la propuesta elaborada por Nick Borstom, que permite exponer un panorama general de este movimiento, en principio acudiendo a relatos míticos para luego situar el discurso en una propuesta que desde los siglos XVIII y XIX se viene apoyando en discursos científicos y, más recientemente ‒desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX‒, hace alusión a la estrecha relación entre ciencia, técnica y tecnología, con el objetivo de hacer un uso ético y racional para el desarrollo mental y biológico del ser humano. Se presentan, además de los hitos en el transhumanismo, los diferentes momentos históricos que han forjado el concepto hasta nuestros días. Para concluir, se plantean como abrebocas algunos de los debates que, en términos éticos, políticos y sociales, han desatado propuestas concretas de transhumanismo.
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Transhumanismo: concepciones, alcances y tendencias ; Trans-humanism: conceptions, reach and tendencies
El presente artículo rastrea las principales fuentes contemporáneas e históricas del movimiento filosófico e intelectual denominado transhumanismo. Recurre a la propuesta elaborada por Nick Borstom, que permite exponer un panorama general de este movimiento, en principio acudiendo a relatos míticos para luego situar el discurso en una propuesta que desde los siglos XVIII y XIX se viene apoyando en discursos científicos y, más recientemente ‒desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX‒, hace alusión a la estrecha relación entre ciencia, técnica y tecnología, con el objetivo de hacer un uso ético y racional para el desarrollo mental y biológico del ser humano. Se presentan, además de los hitos en el transhumanismo, los diferentes momentos históricos que han forjado el concepto hasta nuestros días. Para concluir, se plantean como abrebocas algunos de los debates que, en términos éticos, políticos y sociales, han desatado propuestas concretas de transhumanismo. ; The present article tracks the main contemporary and historical sources of the philosophical and intellectual movement called Trans humanism and uses the proposal developed by Nick Borstom, that allows to show a general panorama of this movement, in principle, turning to mythical stories and then place the speech in an proposal that from the XVIII and XIX centuries is supported on scientific speeches and, more recently, from the second half of the XX century to our days it makes reference to the close relationship between science, technique and technology in order to make an ethical and rational use for the development of man at mental and biological level. In addition to the milestones of Trans-humanism, the different historic moments that have wrought the concept to our days are presented, and to conclude we pose as an appetizer, some of the debates that in ethical, political and social terms, has untied specific proposals of trans-humanism.
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Intercultural Communication: Confronting conceptions and problems ; Comunicación intercultural: confrontando concepciones y problemas
Interculturality, as an idea and as a fact, so present since the last decades of the last century, because of the increasing domestic and international migrations worldwide, entails conceptions which come to be too diverse as the prevailing cultures at the regions of exchange. These differences favor some viewpoints and political interests, disregarding others. This obstructs the generation of shared mainstream. And Latin America holds a singular position therein. ; Lo intercultural como idea y hecho, tan en boga desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado gracias a la intensificación de las migraciones internas e internacionales en el mundo, comporta concepciones tan diversas como las culturas prevalecientes en las regiones de intercambio. Estas diferencias privilegian ciertos enfoques e intereses políticos en desmedro de otras, lo cual crea dificultades para que exista una corriente común. Y América Latina ocupa un lugar singular.
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