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Conceptual metaphors are considered as effective linguistic formulas for achieving the persuasive language function. This paper approaches the subject of conceptual metaphor and political argumentation through the prism of synergies of the political topic, affirmative or negative communication of main ideas related to the topic, the use of conceptual metaphor as a persuasive rhetorical strategy and the type of argumentative claim. Research was conducted on the sample of 13.338 words from two political interviews with Ivo Josipović in a weekly talk show Nedjeljom u dva (Sundays at two) broadcast on Croatian Radio Television Channel 1 (HTV 1) in 2009 and 2012. The research results show that the most frequently used conceptual metaphors in analysed corpora are the linguistic realizations of metaphors from the source domains of personification, reification and journey. These linguistic metaphors are mostly identified in the claims of value. The analysis also indicates that these claims are predominantly affirmative.

This paper argues that the metaphorical representation of concepts and the appropriation of language-based construals can be hypothesized as additional sources of conceptual change alongside those previously proposed. Analyses of construals implicit in the lay and scientific use of the noun <i>energy</i> from the perspective of the theory of conceptual metaphor are summarized. The experientially grounded metaphorical construals identified in both uses help conceptualize the shift from the concrete, naïve to the abstract, scientific understanding of energy. The case of the concept of energy motivates the more general hypothesis that an important part of learning a highly abstract (even mathematical) concept is the appropriation of experientially grounded metaphorical construals implicit in scientific discourse. Pedagogical implications of this proposal are discussed.

Metaphor is universally recognized as a means of structuring language and thought and has long been the subject of linguistic research. However the manifestation of metaphor at the sentence structure level has yet to be studied in detail. This paper deals with the peculiarities of conceptual metaphor instantiation in English syntax and focuses on conceptual metaphor as a tool of conceptualizing real-world situations – both abstract and physical – and as a factor determining the syntactical structure of an utterance about a situation. It investigates the mechanism of metaphorical transfer manifested at the level of syntax, its grounds, limits and types, and shows the metaphorical potential of sentence patterns.

This research is entitled Conceptual Metaphors of Setya Novanto'case; In the newspaper. The purpose of this research is to know the meaning and function of the metaphor, this study also tries to find out the conceptualizations of politics. In this case, the author uses the theory of Lakoff and Johnson. Data were taken from 4 news from people's mind newspaper Tuesday 28 November 2017, Kompas daily pad Monday 20 November 2017, new compass on 22 November 2017 and people's mind on 20 November 2017 . in this research the writer use a qualitative research Method. Which all of the data are they presented descriptively. From the analysis, the result found 4 political discourses in conceptual metaphor in the newspaper about Setya Novanto cases. From 175 metaphorical statements, the researcher found 55 metaphors. that is found 45 % as objects or goods that can be traded.30 % politics as a battle,10% as a war and 15 % as a race. It shows that in the political discourses.Keywords: Newspaper, Conceptual, Metaphor, Setya Novanto's case.

Abstract
One of the most broadly investigated topics in the conceptual metaphor literature is the importance of spatial construals for thinking and talking about time. We address the relationship between conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and conceptual integration theory (CIT) by exploring how people understand timelines - both as graphical objects, in discourse about timelines taken from newspapers and the web, and in poetic examples. The inferential structure of the timeline is well captured by the conceptual metaphors TIME IS SPACE and EVENTS ARE OBJECTS. Instantiated graphically, the timeline serves as a material anchor for a conceptual integration network representing partial cognitive models of time, lines, objects, and a hybrid model known as a 'blend'. Understood in respect to this network, the analogue properties of the line give it novel computational properties facilitating inferences about the events that the timeline represents. The history of the modern timeline suggests that it reflects a distributed cognitive process, involving multiple individuals over a large span of time and illustrating the importance of cultural evolution in the development of conceptual integration networks. Analysis of both poetry and everyday discourse about timelines suggests that conventional mapping schemas are best viewed not as determining the interpretation of timelines but as providing soft constraints that help guide interpretation. Future metaphor research will best proceed via a merger of techniques from CMT and CIT, characterizing metaphor as involving complex networks of mappings that can be updated flexibly as a function of context and goals.

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to make a comparison between Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory and Chomsky's transformational generative grammar, and to demonstrate a Chomskyan postulation in the former. Although Lakoff and Johnson regard Chomsky's linguistics as a modern representative of traditional Western philosophies of language that tend to highlight the a priori assumptions rather than empirical findings, the cognitive theory of metaphor contains a Chomskyan metaphysical assumption as its most important notion, i.e. the assumption of conceptual metaphors. Thus, what the present paper wants to argue with ample evidence is that Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory resembles Chomsky's logic and that their notion of conceptual metaphors is very much a Chomskyan postulation. What the present study tries to further demonstrate is that the abovementioned two theories actually have many points in common, which also implies that Lakoff and Johnson have failed to avoid the paradigm that they believe is conflicting with their own.

Abstract
Conceptual metaphor theory (CAIT) is the dominant force in the contemporary world of interdisciplinary metaphor studies. Over the past thirty years, scholars working within the CMT framework have gathered an impressive body of empirical research using a variety of linguistic, psychological, and computational modeling methods drat supports key parts of the theory However, CMT has also been widely been criticized - both as a theory of metaphor use and for its claims about the embodied, metaphorical character of abstract thought. This article describes some of die reasons people dislike CMT and suggests ways that CMT scholars may alter some people's misunderstandings and address their legitimate concerns about the theory.

This article presents the results of the author's study of conceptual metaphor in political dystopia «Animal Farm» by George Orwell, an English Socialist writer. The aim of the work was to confirm the hypothesis that the work represents a conceptual metaphorical model «Totalitarian state is Animal Farm» in both structural and meaningful ways.In modern cognitive linguistics, metaphor is regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of cognitive knowledge, structuring and explanation of the world. Since metaphorization has associative connections within the human experience, it creates metaphors which borrow lexical means and meanings from the fields, which are based on the conceptualization of the people themselves and the world in the process of cognitive activity (the donor sphere). The metaphorical process requires a second element the target sphere (a new conceptual domain). In describing the metaphorical model, we describe the model scenarios related to the model frames and components of each sample frame slots (as described by A.P. Chudinov).The dictatorship in the USSR during the reign of I.V. Stalin is transferred to the structural organization of the farmyard and the qualities of real people on animals. Orwell gave each animal (or every kind of it) a certain set of properties, characteristics and actions that we have tried to identify and relate to the corresponding prototype. The donor sphere of the conceptual metaphor in this work is the animal world (naturemorfic and zoomorphic metaphors). The target sphere is the Soviet state with the dictatorship of the leader. The working class and the peasantry are portrayed as a spineless flock meekly obeying the will of the leader, who, with the help of his assistants, operates the «flock».The working hypothesis was confirmed. The research results can be used both in the cognitive theory of metaphor, as well as in such areas as literature, discourse analysis, political linguistics, and others.

On November 7th 2012, after being re-elected as the President of the United States, Barack Obama devoted some words in his acceptance speech to the First Lady as his first supporter. The world's media generally acknowledged this statement as something more than a mere formality, due to the active role played by Michelle Obama, which was considered decisive for the final result of this disputed electoral race. This paper seeks to study the various strategies employed throughout the 2012 US Presidential Campaign by analyzing her official speeches and comparing them to those of her husband and other direct influences. The analysis of persuasive figurative language in a corpus consisting of the speeches delivered in the last four months of the campaign is based on approaches by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Charteris-Black (2004) and may allow us to identify her tools of political persuasion. ; En su discurso de aceptación tras su reelección como Presidente de los Estados Unidos de 7 de noviembre de 2012, Barack Obama agradecía a la Primera Dama su apoyo incondicional. La prensa internacional se hacía eco de hasta qué punto la afirmación traspasaba el plano de lo personal y la mera fórmula protocolaria, dada la gran implicación activa de Michelle Obama, considerada como un factor decisivo dentro de un complicado marco electoral. Nuestro propósito es el estudio de las claves de su diversificada estrategia en los discursos para la campaña de las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2012, que se comparan con los de su marido y otras influencias directas. El análisis del lenguaje figurado persuasivo del corpus compuesto por los discursos pronunciados en los cuatro últimos meses de la campaña, bajo las premisas de los enfoques de Lakoff y Johnson (1980) y Charteris-Black (2004), pretende desentrañar sus herramientas de persuasión.

Attention to metaphor as a tool for cognition and action has already been called by the classic work by Georg Lakoff and Mark Johnson—Metaphors We Live By (1980). However, some four decades after this publication's first edition, the role of metaphor as a useful instrument in empirical research seems to have been forgotten. Therefore, the first step taken in the text at hand is to highlight that codes of ethics neither resolve nor befit the dynamically shifting circumstances of research conducted in the field. Ethical codes are often insufficient. Hence, an objective here will be to critically assess the broad application of such codes in general. The second step will be to turn to metaphor as a tool in developing the sociological imagination as understood by C. Wright Mills. The metaphor can also assist in finding oneself when confronted with difficult, ambiguous circumstances that may arise during fieldwork. Metaphor as a tool, as an ethical kaleidoscope coherently links the field research experience precisely with the sociological imagination.

The aim of the work was to confirm the hypothesis that the work represents a conceptual metaphorical model "Totalitarian state is Animal Farm" in both structural and meaningful ways. In modern cognitive linguistics, metaphor is regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of cognitive knowledge, structuring and explanation of the world

The aim of the work was to confirm the hypothesis that the work represents a conceptual metaphorical model "Totalitarian state is Animal Farm" in both structural and meaningful ways. In modern cognitive linguistics, metaphor is regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of cognitive knowledge, structuring and explanation of the world

The aim of the work was to confirm the hypothesis that the work represents a conceptual metaphorical model "Totalitarian state is Animal Farm" in both structural and meaningful ways. In modern cognitive linguistics, metaphor is regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of cognitive knowledge, structuring and explanation of the world