SINCE ACHIEVING POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE IN 1964, ZAMBIA HAS HAD THREE CONSTITUTIONS. IN ADDITION, VARIOUS AMENDMENTS HAVE BEEN PASSED TO ALTER SPECIFIC CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS. THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES SOME SALIENT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS AND THE IMPACTS THEY HAVE HAD ON ZAMBIA'S PARLIAMENT, THE JUDICIARY, AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH.
Differences between state and federal procedures. Relevance of the differences for the role of state constitutions as protectors of civil rights and liberties.
In: Keesing's record of world events: record of national and internat. current affairs with continually updated indexes ; Keesing's factual reports are based on information obtained from press, broadcasting, official and other sources, Band 44, Heft 4, S. 42172
In 2001, the Greek Parliament brought about extensive amendments to the 1975/1986 Constitution. It is not clear why it was thought necessary to proceed to an amendment on such an unusual scale, since the two largest political parties supporting the amendment, the ruling socialist party PaSoK & the conservative New Democracy, were in agreement that the 1975 constitution had worked smoothly throughout its history. It appears that the original plans for an amendment, as conceived by the aging leaders Andreas Papandreou & later Constantinos Mitsotakis, were driven by their separate but parallel intentions to strengthen the Executive over any other sources of power including Parliament & the courts. It is an interesting feature of the Greek political system that these plans largely failed. Parliamentarians of both parties ensured that the amended constitution did not alter the constitutional practice of the last 25 years. Adapted from the source document.
