Suchergebnisse

Any branch of law, private or public, has a system of sources of law, which is somewhat standard. This system became "set in stone" for many law systems around the world, starting with Constituion, legal acts of goverment and ending with brief overview of legal traditions in some branches of law. However, this system completely forgets about legal doctrine. But after legislation took over, legal doctrine lost meaning which it had before and was cast aside into shadow of legislation and basic system of sources of law. Furthermore, legal doctrine was an instrument which provided unity for any law system. The idea in its core is simple – greatest and most known legal works of different authors became rulebooks for diffenret branches of law, which were used not only for education, but as a source of law to resolve dispute, when there was missing link in legislation and when judge cannot settle dispute using law of state. This is the case, when doctrine was used as a source of law and a source for regulation. Same can be said about legal doctrine, as core for any law, passed by a parliament. In ideal case, scientists and authors of legal dontrine works should consult lawmakers regarding theoretical and doctrinal basis of any decision or action they are planning to take. So, any legal action will have strong core in it and won't be decided only on experience and opinions of lawmakers, but also with strong theoretical background for such decision. In conclusion, we think that legal doctrine requires further analysis and this topic is very important for legal studies in Ukraine. Core of legal doctrinal works becomes bigger and bigger with increasing number of scholars in this sector of science. From the nature of legal doctrine, it is clear that it can provide better understanding of law and improve connection between scientists and lawmakers. Keywords: source of law, Constitution, natural law, legal system, concept of legal doctrine, system of sources of law.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to the essence of the state sovereignty in modern conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration from the point of view of searching for effective means of complex legal modernization of society. The author analyzes the legal content of this category, shows its specific features, reveals the importance of the processes of improving the basic elements of social relations and constitutional modernization of society and the state in modern conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration. The need for further improvement of constitutional and legal regulation of the most important social relations as a key direction of legal modernization of social relations in a modern democratic state based on the fundamental foundations of European constitutionalism is underlined. At the same time, at the doctrinal level, there is no doubt that the Constitution of Ukraine has a certain degree of almost all the well-known features of the world, in particular, the European, constitutions. Summarizing the above, we consider it necessary to highlight the following main formal and legal features of the Constitution of Ukraine, which is the fundamental ground for modern constitutional and legal reform in our state: 1) a special subject accepting (people's character); 2) the fundamental (institutional) nature; 3) stability is coupled with dynamism; 4) reality; 5) formal and legal properties: the Constitution – the Fundamental Law of Ukraine; its highest legal force; Constitution – the legal base of legislation; A special procedure for making and amending; Special content and structure of the Constitution; Direct effect of its norms. This list is not exhaustive, but in our opinion, it is optimal for defining the main tasks and principles of constitutional and legal reform in the current conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration. Thus, with the improvement of the Constitution of Ukraine as the main source of constitutional law of Ukraine, it is necessary to focus not only on the modernization of certain institutions that regulate it, but also on the strengthening of its legal properties in general. In other words, the leading role of the Constitution in the system of sources of constitutional law of Ukraine is due to its inherent legal properties, ensuring their effectiveness in society and is a priority task of modern constitutional and legal reform. Thus, under the constitutional and legal reform, in today's conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration, it is necessary to reform of the sphere of constitutional law directly as a leading national branch of law of Ukraine, the formally-legal improvement and improvement of the constitutional legal material at all its system levels, as provisions, institutions, sub-sectors and industry as a whole. It should also be noted that the subject and object of the branch of constitutional law varies in modern conditions under the influence of a whole range of objective factors of legal and political reality, in particular, it refers to the processes of legal globalization and intergovernmental integration, which, in turn, internally causes the emergence of new branches and subnets of national law, strengthening the internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionality of international and European law, the adaptation of domestic constitutional laws and to basic European legal standards as a prerequisite quality of the constitutional and legal reform in accordance with objectively existing conditions of society. The need for further improvement of the constitutional and legal regulation of the most important social relations as the most important line of public power in the context of the perception of the European legal system by the national legal system of Ukraine

A phrase like "Parliament decisions on its own behalf" has not been codified in Spanish legal and political discourse. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that there are certain issues where political parties within parliament possess distinct interests that may influence their legislative choices. To counter the potential hazards involved, various elements have demonstrated varying degrees of efficiency in ensuring that decision are being made for the common good, despite the influence of party-specific concerns.

Nearly three decades have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. At the time, the scholarly community was keen on joining Fukuyama in his belief in the "end of history" that was supposed to propel Russia away from the ideological "otherness" of the Soviet legal thought towards European liberal democratic values. The new spirit of optimism of 1991 had created a deceptive euphoria: Russia's dark legacies of Communism and authoritarian rule were seen merely as a bump on the road. Yet, the dream of united Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok had failed to materialize.

The article is devoted to the basic aspects of conception of constitutional complaint as an institute of constitutional law. Essential features and the structure of this institute are defined. The issue of implementation of the institute of constitutional complaint in the constitutional legislation of Ukraine is considered. ; Рассмотрены основные аспекты понимания конституционной жалобы как института конституционного права. Выделены сущностные характеристики данного института и его структура. Проанализирован вопрос закрепления института конституционной жалобы в конституционном законодательстве Украины. ; Розглянуто основні аспекти розуміння конституційної скарги як інституту конституційного права. Виокремлено сутнісні характеристики цього інституту та його структуру. Проаналізовано питання закріплення інституту конституційної скарги у конституційному законодавстві України.

The article is devoted to the basic aspects of conception of constitutional complaint as an institute of constitutional law. Essential features and the structure of this institute are defined. The issue of implementation of the institute of constitutional complaint in the constitutional legislation of Ukraine is considered. ; Рассмотрены основные аспекты понимания конституционной жалобы как института конституционного права. Выделены сущностные характеристики данного института и его структура. Проанализирован вопрос закрепления института конституционной жалобы в конституционном законодательстве Украины. ; Розглянуто основні аспекти розуміння конституційної скарги як інституту конституційного права. Виокремлено сутнісні характеристики цього інституту та його структуру. Проаналізовано питання закріплення інституту конституційної скарги у конституційному законодавстві України.

The article is devoted to the basic aspects of conception of constitutional complaint as an institute of constitutional law. Essential features and the structure of this institute are defined. The issue of implementation of the institute of constitutional complaint in the constitutional legislation of Ukraine is considered. ; Рассмотрены основные аспекты понимания конституционной жалобы как института конституционного права. Выделены сущностные характеристики данного института и его структура. Проанализирован вопрос закрепления института конституционной жалобы в конституционном законодательстве Украины. ; Розглянуто основні аспекти розуміння конституційної скарги як інституту конституційного права. Виокремлено сутнісні характеристики цього інституту та його структуру. Проаналізовано питання закріплення інституту конституційної скарги у конституційному законодавстві України.

The article underlines the conceptual look at the role and place of constitutional law in the system of EU law and provides its complex characteristics according to formal and material conditions. The work is based on the hypothesis that the role and place of the constitutional law in the system of EU law are similar to those characterizing the similar field in any national law system, democratic state, with features stipulated by the supranational nature of this system of law. It`s substantiated an opinion that the formation of the EU law as an autonomous supranational system of law includes not only the accumulation and integration of the corresponding set of legal acts, but also its gradual differentiation with selection of individual branches and institutions. The leading role in the EUlegal system, as well as in national legal systems, is occupied by the constitutional law, owing primarily to its subject of legal regulation. Attention is payed to the fact that after the failure of the common European constitution draft, the term "constitution" in the EU legal system is used exclusively in the substantive sense, and the constitution itself is unwritten (multi-source, combined), like the British one. At the same time, the system of sources of EU constitutional law is characterized by diversity and consists of three levels (subsystems) that regulate the fundamental political and legal relations associated with European integration: primary law, secondary law, common law and case law. It is noted that the core of the subject of EU constitutional law consists of two blocks of public relations: a) relations determining the institutional and functional organization of public authority in the EU; b) relations characterizing the foundations of the legal status of an individual in the EU. These basic political and legal relations are the matrix that determines the formation and development of the relevant general institutions of the EU constitutional law. The example of the constitutional foundations of EU civil society demonstrates that the process of segregation of some institutions in the branches structure of the EU constitutional law continues. At the same time, in general, the structuring of constitutional and legal institutions in the EU repeats the genesis of national constitutional law, at least the one that took place in the states of continental Europe. Attention is payed to the fact that the training of legal professionals in Ukraine must meet the challenges that legal education in the context of European integration. One of the important steps in this direction should be the introduction into the educational process of law schools in our country of disciplines devoted to certain branches of EU law, including the EU constitutional law as the leading branch of this legal system. ; У статті висвітлюється концептуальне бачення ролі та місця конституційного права в системі права ЄС, надається його комплексна характеристика за формальними та матеріальними критеріями. В основу роботи покладено гіпотезу про те, що роль і місце конституційного права в системі права ЄС є аналогічними, тим, що характерні для відповідної галузі в будь-якій національній системі правої, демократичної держави, з особливостями, зумовленими наднаціональним характером цієї системи права. Обґрунтовується думка, що формування права ЄС як автономної наднаціональної системи права передбачає не тільки накопичення й інтеграцію відповідного нормативного масиву, але й поступову його диференціацію з виокремленням певних галузей та інститутів. Провідну роль у системі права ЄС, як і в національних правових системах, посідає конституційне право, що зумовлено передусім його предметом правового регулювання. Звертається увага на те, що після провалу проєкту загальноєвропейської конституції термін «конституція» щодо правової системи ЄС вживається тільки в матеріально-правовому сенсі, а сама конституція є неписаною (багатоджерельною, комбінованою), на зразок британської. Водночас система джерел конституційного права ЄС характеризується багатоманітністю і складається з трьох рівнів (підсистем), що регулюють основоположні політико-правові відносини, пов'язані з європейською інтеграцією: первинного права, вторинного права, звичаєвого права і прецедентного права. Зазначається, що ядро предмета конституційного права ЄС становлять два блоки суспільних відносин: а) відносини, що визначають інституційно-функціональну організацію публічної влади в ЄС; б) відносини, що характеризують основи правового статусу особи в ЄС. Ці базові політико-правові відносини виступають тією матрицею, що зумовлює формування і розвиток відповідних генеральних інститутів конституційного права ЄС. На прикладі конституційних засад громадянського суспільства ЄС демонструється, що процес виокремлення в галузевій структурі конституційного права ЄС окремих інститутів триває. Водночас загалом структурування конституційно-правових інститутів в ЄС повторює ґенезу національного конституційного права, принаймні ту, що мала місце в державах континентальної Європи. Звертається увага на те, що підготовка фахівців-правників в Україні має відповідати тим викликам, що постають перед юридичною освітою в умовах євроінтеграції. Одним із важливих кроків на цьому шляху має стати запровадження в навчальний процес юридичних вишів нашої держави навчальних дисциплін, присвячених окремим галузям права ЄС, зокрема й конституційному праву ЄС як провідній галузі цієї системи права.