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The subject. The article is devoted to different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil, their analyzing, depending on main goal of coercion.The purpose of the paper is to extend constitutional knowledge about measures of constitutional legal enforcement and to demonstrate generic character of constitutional legal enforcement theory for different countries.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and legal methods.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil. Constitutions of foreign countries contain various measures of constitutional coercion as the main way to resolve constitutional conflicts.Among the measures of constitutional and legal coercion enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution are: holding the President accountable for abuse of power; temporary termination of the powers of the President of the Republic during the process of bringing him to justice; prohibition of the President and Vice-President of the Republic to leave the territory of the country for a certain period without the approval of the Parliament; recognition by the National Congress of the positions of the President and Vice-President as vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days of taking office;holding new elections when the positions of the President and Vice-President are declared vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days from the date of taking office.Conclusions. Depending on the constitutional system, the history of the state, measures of constitutional coercion may be different in content, but it remains possible to classify such measures depending on the main purpose of their application. The system of measures of constitutional legal enforcement, including measures of prevention, suppression, restoration, responsibility and security is applicable not only for the Russian constitutional law, but also for constitutional law of foreign countries, in particular, Brazil. ; Рассматриваются различные меры конституционно-правового принуждения, существующие в конституционном праве Бразилии. Утверждается, что действующая Конституция Бразилии представляет собой подробный и самобытный акт конституционного права, содержащий в себе различные меры по разрешению конституционно-правовых конфликтов, изучение которых расширит научные представления о системе мер конституционно-правового принуждения в целом.

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite many years of research on the relationship between man and the state, problems in this part continue to persist, a panacea for establishing a complete understanding between these actors has not been found. This article is an attempt to answer some questions through the prism of the analysis of the constitutional and legal status of subjects based on the author's theory of their relationship. This work is devoted to the study of the constitutional and legal status of a person, the state as a whole, the Russian Federation and state bodies from the standpoint of the theory of the correlation of subjects of law developed by the author, the essence of which is to establish and study absolutely all relations of subjects, including ineffective influence by virtue of powers, rights or duties that do not involve active actions, for subsequent legal regulation and accounting of what is really happening in life. In the preparation of this material, methods of analysis and synthesis were mainly used, since in order to consider the connections between the subjects, it was necessary to study each of them separately in order to come to the desired conclusions after the subsequent unification. A large volume of the invoice is taken from the scientific literature, in connection with which it is obvious to use the method of expert assessments. The result of the work done is to establish the true position of the subjects listed above in the system of their relationship with each other, which can be the basis for subsequent management decisions, the transformation of constitutional and legal regulation or further research by scientists interested in similar issues.

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы обеспечения равноправия среди участников закупочной деятельности через анализ действующих принципов, заложенных в законодательстве о контрактной системе. Проанализирована правоприменительная и административная практика Самарской области при проведении наиболее крупных закупок. Выявлена и обоснована необходимость совместного использования положительной практики стандартизации и типологизации регионального каталога товаров, работ, услуг Самарской области. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности правоприменительной практики на примере ошибок при составлении первых и вторых частей заявок на закупку, а также предлагаются варианты их решения. Такой взгляд будет интересен специалистам, которые непосредственно формируют закупочную документацию. На основе проведенного исследования автором предлагается заполнение пробелов в законодательстве и применении единого подхода в толковании законодательства в сфере закупок правоприменителями, контрольными и судебными органами. ; In this article problems of ensuring equality among participants of purchasing activity through the analysis of the operating principles underlain in the legislation on contract system are considered. Law-enforcement and administrative practice of the Samara Region when carrying out the largest purchases is analysed. Need of sharing of positive practice of standardization and a tipologization of the regional catalog of goods, works, services of the Samara Region is revealed and proved. Characteristics of law-enforcement practice on the example of mistakes by drawing up the first and second parts of applications for purchase are allocated and described and also versions of their solution are proposed. Such look will be interesting to experts who directly form procurement documentation. On the basis of the conducted research the author offers filling the gaps in the legislation and applications of uniform approach in interpretation of the legislation in the sphere of purchases by law enforcement officials, regulatory and judicial authorities.

The article analyzes the tasks of reforming the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which, according to the author, can be solved only with the adoption of the new Basic Law of the country. In this case, the following prerequisites should become key: economic reforms; certainty in terms of ideological foundations; improvement of the public authority system; improvement of the system of public authority; securing the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, the foundations of civil society and the institutions of direct democracy; reflecting the tasks of the country's territorial organization; regulation of the law enforcement system. The new text of the Constitution should take into account most of the novelties of the 2020 constitutional reform. But since, according to the existing procedure, it is impossible to amend chapters 1, 2, 9 of the Basic Law and many innovations are reflected in other chapters, therefore, when creating a new text, itis necessary to clearly follow the logic of constitutional regulation.

The subject of the article is the content of the constitutional amendment of 2020 on the need to ensure the protection of historical truth.The purpose of the research is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that protection of historical truth should not be provided by measures of constitutional and legal regulation, since this would conflict with other constitutional principles.The methodology of research includes analysis of academic researches concerning the essence of historical truth, interpretation of Russian Constitution.The main results, scope of application. The author proves that "historical truth" in the constitutional and legal sense is the goal of an objectively and conscientiously minded researcher, guaranteed in a free democratic society by the constitutional right to freedom of thought, scientific creativity and expression. Goal-setting in cognition is a matter of mental activity that is difficult for the democratic control of the state and law. From a normative point of view the moral aspect exists here only (the search for historical truth is a virtue, its distortion is a vice). Constitutional democracy is based on the will and needs of today's generation of people. The past, of course, has a certain significance, but it cannot be considered decisive. An excessive preoccupation with traditions and the historical past is fraught with stagnation, stagnation or even degradation of the state mechanism. Constitutional regulation of historical truth leads to unnecessary sacralization of the history of the state, which is profoundly alien to the true legal essence of the constitutional system of a modern democratic society and the objectivity of historical and legal science. State-legal influence in this area is difficult and entails risks of legally binding ideology, which is prohibited by the first chapter of the "Fundamentals of the constitutional order" of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 13) and the current acts of the Russian Constitutional Court.Conclusions. The legal obligation to "ensure the protection of historical truth" deserves a critical assessment, since it is difficult to combine with the constitutional rights to freedom of scientific creativity, freedom of thought and speech, the principle of ideological diversity and the democratic nature of the Russian state. The right of citizens to their own position on historical issues and search for their "historical truth" followed from the constitutional regulation before the constitutional amendments of 2020 and continues to operate today due to the immutability of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. ; Исследуется содержание конституционной поправки от 2020 г. о необходимости обеспечения защиты исторической правды. Автор доказывает, что «историческая правда» в конституционно-правовом значении - это цель объективно и добросовестно настроенного исследователя, гарантируемая в свободном демократическом обществе конституционным правом на свободу мысли, научного творчества и выражения мнения. Отмечается, что целеполагание в познании - вопрос мыслительной деятельности, с трудом поддающийся демократическому контролю государства и права; с нормативной точки зрения здесь, в лучшем случае, просматривается нравственный аспект (поиск исторической правды есть добродетель, ее искажение - порок). Государственно-правовое воздействие в этой сфере затруднительно и влечет за собой риски появления юридически обязательной идеологии, что запрещено главой первой «Основы конституционного строя» Конституции РФ (ч. 2 ст. 13) и действующими актами Конституционного Суда РФ.

Участие Республики Беларусь в интеграционных объединениях является вызовом для белорусской юридической науки, поскольку ставит перед исследователями ряд новых актуальных вопросов. Исследуются проблемы соотношения наднациональности в рамках Евразийского экономического союза с положениями Конституции Республики Беларусь. Анализируется значение термина «наднациональность», в том числе на примере Европейского союза. Проводится анализ положений Договора о Евразийском экономическом союзе, затрагивающих его компетенцию и институциональную структуру, а также их соотношение с Конституцией Республики Беларусь. = Participation of the Republic of Belarus in integration associations is a challenge for the Belarusian legal science, as it poses a wide range of new topical issues for researchers. The article explores the issues of the correlation of supranationality within the Eurasian Economic Union with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus. The author examines the meaning of the term «supra-nationalism», including the example of the European Union. The author made analysis of the provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union related to the competence of the Union and its institutional structure and their relationship with the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus.

The category of constitutional identity is now con dently used in the science of constitutional law and in resolving some disputes, but it remains not completely clear. The article is aimed at identifying the content of this category and the possibility of its application in practice. The article presents the meanings of the term "identity" and checks whether this term can be used in constitutional law, and if so, in what sense. Possible ways of nding the features of constitutional identity in the texts of constitutions (in preambles, among the foundations of the constitutional system, or provisions protected from change) are shown. The nal conclusions concern the limits of the application of constitutional identity in constitutional disputes. It seems that constitutional identity can be used to resolve constitutional con icts only if two conditions are met: xing the features of constitutional identity, de ned precisely as such (1), and carried out previously, not at the time of the decision, but in advance (2). It is these two conditions that will provide the necessary predictability and validity of decisions, in the adoption of which the category of constitutional identity was used for argumentation. Otherwise (if these conditions are not observed for whatever reason), the constitutional review body should, as far as possible, avoid using the category "constitutional identity" as an argument in resolving disputes.

The publication is devoted to the analysis of international standards for women's rights and the constitutional law of modern Russia. The authors have concluded that today human and civil rights have no gender asymmetry, in particular political rights enshrined in the Constitution. The constitutional norm of equality between men and women in the political sphere is fully consistent with the universal international standards. The authors have found that the law does not differentiate between men and women; does not allow direct or indirect restrictions or advantages on the basis of gender in the civil service. Moreover, women are numerically a dominant group of civil servants, but predominate in performing positions, thereby saving "gender pyramid" in government and administration. The article shows that the Russian legislation does not contain provisions infringing the political rights of women. However, the traditional idea of the social roles of men and women are a significant barrier that limits women's ability to enjoy all rights and freedoms, despite the fact that such representations are especially characteristic of the domestic standard of everyday living of society. However, it is not clear what gender discrimination means in the political sphere of life. We must assume that this is due to the absence of statement in the legislation of the Russian Federation "discrimination against women".DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-05 ; Публикация посвящена анализу международных стандартов прав женщин и конституционного законодательства современной России. Авторы констатируют, что сегодня права человека и гражданина не имеют гендерной асимметрии, в частности политические права, закрепленные в Конституции РФ. Конституционная норма равноправия мужчин и женщин в политической сфере полностью соответствует универсальным международным стандартам. Авторами установлено, что в законодательстве не проводятся различия между мужчинами и женщинами, не допускается прямых или косвенных ограничений или преимуществ по признаку половой принадлежности на государственной гражданской службе. Более того, женщины остаются численно доминирующей группой в составе государственных служащих, но преобладают на исполнительских должностях, тем самым сохраняется «гендерная пирамида» в органах власти и управления. В рамках настоящей статьи показано, что законодательство РФ не содержит норм, ущемляющих политические права женщин. Однако традиционные представления о социальных ролях мужчин и женщин являются существенным препятствием, ограничивающим возможности женщин пользоваться всеми правами и свободами, несмотря на то, что такие представления прежде всего характерны для бытового уровня жизни общества. Вместе с тем не совсем понятно, что означает дискриминация по признаку пола в политической сфере жизнедеятельности. Надо полагать, что это связано с отсутствием формулировок в законодательстве РФ «дискриминации в отношении женщин».DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-05

the article is devoted to the topical problem of IKT Constitution legal development of legislation by formation and activity of e-government. The authors considers acceptance of the Law about e-government has become a progressive step in improving the legislation of the country. The article review the features of the new Law about e-government.

The article contains a study in the field of constitutional law to express the will of citizens to choose, for the presence or absence of popular control and leadership over the state through their representatives in public authorities. The study and evaluation of the rationality or irrationality of free and democratic elections in their current form, meaning and form. Comparative analysis with the opinion of other experts in the field.

The subject is constitutional legal issues of urbanization in Russia.The purpose of the article is to identify main constitutional legal problems of urbanization in Russia and suggest the ways of their settlement.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results and scope of application. Number of problems of constitutional and legal regulation and law enforcement in the context of urbanization were analyzed. The role of cities and villages in the formation of Russian society and the state, legal and socio-economic features of law enforcement in urban and rural life, the impact of scientific and technological progress on cities were studied.The author believes that the Russian Constitution is "the Constitution of cities" because almost any legal peculiarities of the constitutional legal regulation of the forms of urban and rural life are not incorporated. It is one of the causes of the degradation of the modern village. "City state" formation anticipated a number of negative factors. The author identifies the factors that determine prospects of the development of modern law enforcement in a situation of global urbanization.Conclusions. The urbanization process cannot be artificially stimulated in favor of doubtful socio-economic achievements. We can't ignore the quality of law-creation from the point of view of realization of interests of the population and ensure effective law enforcement at all levels of government and management. ; Рассматривается ряд проблем конституционно-правового регулирования и правоприменения в условиях урбанизации, роль городов и сел в формировании российского общества и государства, правовые и социально-экономические особенности правоприменения в городской и сельской жизни, влияние научно-технического прогресса на города.

The subject of the research is the problems of constitutional law enforcement of administrative offences legislation, taking into account the prospects for its new codification.The purpose of the article is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that the effectiveness of the new Code of administrative offences depends on whether the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the principles of administrative responsibility will be taken into account when drafting it.The authors use methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal method of interpretation of Constitution, legislation on administrative offences and judicial decisions of Russian Constitutional Court.The main results and scope of their application. The administrative torts law in Russia is expected to pass through the total review up to the grounds of its codification in close future. The article presents initial positions of that changes within basic frames produced by Russian Constitutional Court. Its case-law has already invaded into many spheres and details in respective sphere of legal rules and also prescribed a lot for their future. This case-law yet is necessarily made within its inherent range for it is ever constrained procedurally by content of actions and cases to be settled. However Russian administrative torts law is destined for reformation in new code-making in view of constitutional case-law and in order to do better with neighbor spheres of legal responsibility. Disputable matters of administrative liability, the company's responsibility with psychical fiction on its fault (corporative thinking, wishing, desire, diligence), substantial and procedural equity etc. are described and discussed in the article as to the administrative law of torts on in its constitutional dimension.Conclusions. The Code of administrative offences of the Russian Federation does not fully meet the legal needs of society. Work on real improvement of this code will continue, therefore, legal science should be more strongly and persistently to implement in legislative practice constitutional ideas about improvement of codification and ensuring unity of legal space of the country. In particular, it is necessary to settle the debatable aspects of tort liability, the guilt of legal entities when it is addressed by fiction to the phenomena of the psyche (thinking, goals, will, caution), the constitutional and legal foundations of justice in the field of administrative penalties, procedural enforcement of rights and freedoms, etc. ; С учетом ожидаемого системного пересмотра законодательства об административных правонарушениях описывается исходная к этому обстановка, главным образом с правовых позиций Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации, которые изложены по предмету как небольшой свод правоположений с их юрисдикционными обоснованиями. Фиксируется, что эти позиции привели к заметным конституционно-правовым вмешательствам в административно-деликтное право и многое опреде-лили в нем на будущее в прескриптивных обращениях к законодательным властям. Исходя из ретроспективы и текущего состояния, предполагаются объем и структура предстоящей административно-деликтной кодификации, затрагиваются дискуссионные стороны деликтоспособности, вины юридических лиц, когда она обращена по фикции к явлениям психики (мышлению, целям, воле, осторожности), конституционно-правовые основы справедливости в области административных наказаний, процессуального обеспечения прав и свобод и другое по заявленной теме.

Ворушило В.П. Конституционное право зарубежных стран: учебное пособие для студентов 2 курса направления подготовки «Юриспруденция» образовательного уровня «бакалавр» очной / заочной форм обучения /В.П. Ворушило, В.А. Сичкар. – Донецк: ГОУ ВПО "ДонАУиГС", 2017. – 159 с. Общая часть дисциплины конституционного права зарубежных стран, представленная в предлагаемом учебном пособии, основывается на мировом опыте развития демократической государственности, и ознакомление с ним необходимо при изучении не только зарубежного, но и отечественного конституционного права. Дается общая характеристика источников конституционного права зарубежных стран и освещаются конституционно-правовые институты. В данном учебном пособии студентам предоставляется возможность самостоятельного размышления над вопросами, изложенными в пособии. Учебное пособие будет способствовать получению глубоких теоретических знаний по дисциплине и качественной подготовке к семинарским занятиям, а также расширению интеллекта и правосознания. Для этого предлагаются различные точки зрения известных российских и зарубежных правоведов и общественных деятелей. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов направления подготовки «Юриспруденция» всех форм обучения, преподавателей, а также широкого круга читателей. he general part of the discipline of the constitutional right of foreign countries, presented in the proposed training manual, is based on the world experience of the development of democratic statehood, and familiarization with it is necessary when studying not only foreign, but also domestic constitutional law. General characteristics of sources of the constitutional law of foreign countries are given and constitutional and legal institutions are covered. In this tutorial, students are given the opportunity to think independently of the issues outlined in the manual. The manual will contribute to obtaining deep theoretical knowledge of discipline and quality preparation for seminars, as well as expanding intelligence and sense of justice. For this ...

The article considers research, political and legal problems of legal constitutional riskology; possibilities for the use of the theory of constitutional risks in the process of national security strategy implementation are defined; the relation between doctrine of defects in constitutional law and some ideas on constitutional risks is characterized; the conclusion is made on prospect of analysis of the category and methodology of risks cognition in constitutional law of Russia, their features and parts, typological characteristics, assumptions, functions, subjects and peculiarities of assessment and legal means of minimization. ; В статье рассмотрены исследовательские, политические и правовые проблемы развития конституционно-правовой рискологии, определены возможности применения теории конституционных рисков в процессе реализации стратегии национальной безопасности, охарактеризована взаимосвязь между учением о дефектах в конституционном праве и представлениями о конституционных рисках, сделан вывод о перспективности исследования категории и методологии познания рисков в конституционном праве России, их признаков и элементов, типологических характеристик, аксиом, функций, субъектов, а также особенностей оценки и правовых средств минимизации.