Suchergebnisse

The main objective of this study is to analyze the perception of Occupational Health and Safety in small construction projects in the Brazilian construction industry. The adopted approach is qualitative in nature and seeks to understand the character of the current practices through interviews held with 'actors' who are directly involved in small-scale building sites, as well as with others who are involved in large-scale work sites. In Brazil, there is a weakness in supervision at small construction projects. This is due to numerous factors, such as the low visibility of these types of works and short deadlines, as well as the lack of knowledge about Occupational Health and Safety. This study reinforces and illustrates the idea of the inherent dangers involved in the occupational health of workers in small construction projects. It also indicates that there is a need to put greater emphasis on compliance with Occupational Health and Safety principles, which are covered by the current Brazilian Legislation and Regulatory Standards. This should be undertaken in order to ensure that the work in small-scale building sites is more visible and, especially, to ensure acceptable health and safety conditions for construction workers.

This article explores diverse cases of social exclusion across time and space aiming to uncover itsessential production processes. Special attention is paid to the various ways in which exclusionoriginates and how it becomes ingrained into the structure of society. Cases of exclusion are drawnfrom the U.S., Japan, China, India, and Jamaica. The study found that social exclusion is aphenomenon which derives primarily from ethnocentric dispositions which express through avariety of discursive and social practices aimed at keeping certain groups relegated to the bottomof society. Also, that some excluded communities are able to develop collective identities andadversarial cultures which translate into politicized identities. The article ends by pointing out tosome of the difficulties present in the social deconstruction of exclusion

The developments in materials over the last decade have been considerable within the automotive industry, being one of the leaders in innovative product applications. Sustainable product development of an automotive structure requires a balanced approach towards technological, economical and ecological aspects. The introduction of new materials and processes is dependent on satisfying different factors. Competitive and legislative pressures, creating the need for change, affect these factors considerably. The process, direction and speed of change are often reactive. Current paper shows the application of aluminium alloys, for the use in the bottom structure of a car to face the problem for the weight of the entire bottom structure under static load conditions, including stiffness, strength and buckling constraints. In addition to minimized mass and materials' price, the assessment of an environmental impact of materials-candidates during the entire life cycle of the structure is considered.

The construction of discourse isindispensable to the construction of nationalimage to a large extent, particularly a set ofdiscourse built from various perspectives. Itmust pertain to the real fact of the country andto the needs of her future development. Moreimportantly, it must be effective. Consideringthe characteristics of the national image and itsconstruction discourse, the discourse system ofour country's national image needs, first of all,to have a good treatment of the corecharacteristics of our country's national image;meanwhile, it also needs to have a goodhandling of the basic characteristics of ourcountry's national image. Specifically speaking,it is necessary to take in account of factors likeethnicity, culture, politics, space-time andcognition of national image discourse for onething; it is also necessary to take into accountsuch factors as stability, multi-dimension,inheritance and creation, and the crisiscoordination of national image discourse foranother.

Actualmente las empresas requieren estrategias innovadoras, que permitan gestionar de forma integral, optimizando los recursos y maximizando los resultados. Siendo el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación, diseñar un instrumento de gestión integral (gestión de la calidad, ambiental, seguridad y salud ocupacional) para el sector construcción en Cusco. Se realizó un análisis actual de la actividad de construcción, se planteó a diferencia de otras propuestas, el diseño que inicia con el diagnóstico, planificación, organización, ejecución, supervisión y optimización del sistema integral. Los resultados están expresados en el diagnóstico de los 3 sistemas, información clave, para el planteamiento y propuesta de las etapas posteriores; estructurando el planteamiento de los subprogramas basados en el diagnóstico integral, para finalmente determinar los lineamientos estratégicos, de implementación, evaluación y verificación del sistema, teniendo en cuenta la norma ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001:2004 y OSHAS 18001:2007; así como la legislación vigente para el Perú. ; Currently companies require innovative strategies, to manage in a comprehensive way, optimizing resources and maximizing results. Being the objective of this research work, designing an instrument of integral management (quality management, environmental, occupational health and safety) for the construction sector in Cusco. There was a current analysis of construction activity, was raised in contrast to other proposals, the design that starts with diagnosis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and optimization of the integrated system. The results are expressed in the diagnosis of the 3 systems, key information, for the approach and proposal of the later stages; structuring approach of subprogrammes based on a comprehensive diagnosis, to finally determine the strategic guidelines, implementation, evaluation and verification of the system, taking into account the ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007; as well as the current legislation for Peru. ; Actuellement les sociétés exigent des stratégies novatrices, afin de gérer de façon globale, optimiser les ressources et maximiser les résultats. Étant l'objectif de ce travail de recherche, concevoir un instrument de gestion intégrale (gestion de la qualité, de l'environnement, santé et sécurité au travail) pour le secteur de la construction dans Cusco. Il y avait une analyse courante de l'activité de construction, a été soulevée en contraste avec d'autres propositions, la conception qui commence avec le diagnostic, la planification, organisation, mise en oeuvre, le suivi et l'optimisation du système intégré. Les résultats sont exprimés dans le diagnostic des 3 systèmes, information clé, pour l'approche et la proposition de les étapes ultérieures; approche de structuration des sous-programmes fondés sur un diagnostic approfondi, pour finalement déterminer les orientations stratégiques, la mise en oeuvre, l'évaluation et la vérification du système, en tenant compte de l'ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001:2004 et OHSAS 18001:2007; ainsi que la législation actuelle pour le Pérou.

The article analyses the interplay between biopolitics and reproduction. The text examines Angela Putino's thought to show how reproduction, through the sexuality device and medical power/knowledge, becomes the site of application of biopolitical techniques. At the same time, however, Putino shows some risks of complicity in feminism that can reproduce a biological dimension in politics without being able to withstand biopower. To find trails of resistance, then, the text refers to the work of Donna Haraway, that criticise the distinction between nature and culture, and to those of Melinda Cooper and Catherine Walby, who analyse the clinical labor in the framework of biocapitalism. ; Este artículo analiza la interacción entre biopolítica y reproducción. El texto examina el pensamiento de Angela Putino para mostrar cómo la reproducción, a través del dispositivo sexual y el conocimiento/poder médico, se ha convertido en un escenario de aplicación de técnicas biopolíticas. Sin embargo, de manera simultánea, Putino expone algunos de los riesgos de complicidad en el feminismo que pueden reproducir una dimension biológica en las políticas, sin lograr resistir el biopoder. Para encontrar los rastros de esta resistencia, el texto hace referencia al trabajo de Donna Haraway, que critica la distinción entre naturaleza y cultura, y al trabajo de Melinda Cooper y Catherine Walby, quienes analizan el trabajo clínico en el marco del biocapitalismo.

The book "Sustainability of Construction Materials" in its second edition and edited by Jamal M. Khatib presents a compilation of research, in different chapters, focused on construction materials to assess their sustainable application, includes the analysis of certifications, of the construction procedures and as through laws and regulations, efforts have been added in materials engineering to reduce waste, bet on recycling and good resource management. The book addresses the study of conventional construction materials and non-conventional materials, which when properly applied in construction are an approach to the practice of sustainable construction. It is discussed that governments, scientists and builders can be actors of change to reduce the impact that the construction industry has caused at different levels through supervision and verification of processes, establishing quality standards and compliance with established requirements. to achieve sustainability. The current search to develop sustainable buildings has become the objective of several investigations that link social, environmental and economic aspects. However, reality has shown that the achievement of a green building requires a valuation process that is confusing or partially attended, since it involves different variables of analysis and research methods that are not always approached in a dynamic way. ; El libro "Sustainability of Construction Materials" en su segunda edición y editado por Jamal M. Khatib presenta una recopilación de investigaciones, en diferentes capítulos, enfocadas en los materiales de construcción para valorar su aplicación sustentable, incluye el análisis de las certificaciones, de los procedimientos constructivos y como por medio de legislaciones y regulaciones se han sumado esfuerzos en la ingeniería de materiales para reducir el desperdicio, apostar por el reciclaje y por un buen manejo de recursos. El libro aborda el estudio de materiales de construcción convencionales y de materiales no convencionales, que aplicados adecuadamente en la construcción son un acercamiento a la práctica de la construcción sustentable. Se discute que los gobiernos, científicos y constructores pueden ser actores de cambio para reducir el impacto que la industria de la construcción ha causado en los diferentes niveles por medio de supervisión y verificación de los procesos, estableciendo estándares de calidad y cumplimiento de los requerimientos establecidos para lograr la sustentabilidad. La búsqueda actual por desarrollar edificaciones sustentables se ha convertido en el objetivo de varias investigaciones que vinculan aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos. Sin embargo, la realidad ha demostrado que el logro de una edificación sustentable requiere de un proceso de valoración que resulta confuso o que se atiende parcialmente, ya que involucra diferentes variables de análisis y métodos de investigación que no siempre son abordados de manera dinámica.

So far the FRAM has been applied to different sectors of high risk and complexity such as aviation, including air traffic control, health care, nuclear power plants, chemical and petrochemical industry, railways, maritime sector. obtaining very positive results, which have led to an improvement in safety management in them. However, its application to the construction sector has not yet been developed in depth. In the European Union, the construction sector is the sector with the highest number of accidents, so safety in construction is a priority. Structures construction is one of the most hazardous construction phases or activities. For this reason, the project "Composite Leading Indicators for the improvement of the resilience of occupational safety, in the activities of design and execution of structures" (BIA2016-79270-P) aims to improve the management and monitoring of occupational safety in these activities using novel vision of Safety II developed by the Resilience Engineering. In this way, the FRAM approach has been applied to know the work-as-done, that is, to identify the adjustments and variability of daily performance. For this purpose, observations and interviews at the place of work have been carried out. With the information collected and the help of the FRAM Model Visualiser (FMV) the functions of the FRAM model have been defined. Thus, the FRAM analysis for the construction of concrete frame structures is presented. Based on these results, leading indicators will be designed to monitor and control these activities adequately in the next phase of the project. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.We wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financing the project BIA2016-79270-P, of which this study is part. It is also important to acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of the Government of Spain for it support through the predoctoral program (FPU 2016/03298).

Con este artículo se pretende mostrar la importancia que tiene la construcción social desde el primer momento que nacemos y que nos acompaña durante toda nuestra existencia. Existen muchos temas construidos: la salud, la religión, la política y por supuesto el tema principal que nos ocupa que es el género. Lo cual nos lleva a formar una determinada identidad en nuestro mundo. Un rol que empezamos a desempeñar desde que emprendemos un camino hacia una determinada conciencia de nuestros actos. ; This article aims to show the importance of social construction from the first moment we are born and that accompanies us throughout our existence. There are many themes built: health, religion, politics and of course the main theme that concerns us is gender. Which leads us to form a certain identity in our world. A role that we begin to play since we embark on a path towards a certain awareness of our actions.

This paper sets to offer a definition and a characterization of civil peace construction experiences in Colombia since 1978, with a special interest on the first presidential term of Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2006), specifically, regarding his policy of Defense and Democratic Security. In the paper an analytic and descriptive perspective is assumed regarding the incidence that the set of political opportunities has had on these peace experiences. In order to do so, the paper makes use of a framework of analysis of some of the more useful inputs of theories used in the study and characterization of social movements and new social movements; specially those offered by Alberto Melucci. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una definición y caracterizar el conjunto de Experiencias Civiles de Construcción de Paz que se ha sucedido en Colombia desde 1978 y con especial énfasis durante el primer gobierno de Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002 - 2006) en el marco de su Política de Defensa y Seguridad Democrática. Se describe y analiza el nivel de incidencia que el conjunto de oportunidades políticas han tenido sobre estas experiencias de paz. Para esto, se toma como marco de análisis algunos de los aportes más significativos de las teorías empleadas en el estudio y caracterización de los movimientos sociales y nuevos movimientos sociales; fundamentalmente los desarrollos presentados por Alberto Melucci.

Abstract: Praise names are very important means through which individuals in the Igbo society generally articulate and express their ideologies, boast about their abilities and accomplishments, as well as criticize and subvert the visions of the Other. With particular reference to chieftaincy in the Igbo society, praise-naming as a pragma-semiotic act ties up with constructions and deconstructions of power, and so does have serious implications for the meanings attached to chieftaincy, as well as the roles of the chief in the postcolonial democratic system. The present paper therefore discusses the semiotics of praise names in the contemporary Igbo society, drawing data from popular culture and chieftaincy discourses. It addresses the interface between signification and politics (and the politics of signification) in Africa, arguing that change in the understanding and relevance of chieftaincy in postcolonial Africa calls for attention to how chieftaincy is (re)staged at the site of the sign.________________________________________________________________________________Resumen: Los nombres laudatorios constituyen un importante medio a través del cual los individuos de la sociedad Igbo articulan y expresan sus ideologías, se vanaglorian de sus logros y critican, así como subvierten las representaciones del Otro. En referencia a la figura del jefe tribal, los nombres laudatorios, en cuanto acto pragma-semiótico, se relacionan con la construcción y deconstrucción del poder, de lo que se derivan importantes implicaciones para el significado endosado al jefe tribal y sus roles en el sistema democrático poscolonial. El artículo explora la semiótica de los términos laudatorios en la sociedad Igbo contemporánea, utilizando datos de la cultura popular y de los discursos de los jefes. Igualmente, aborda la interfaz entre significación y política (la política de la significación) en África para concluir que el cambio en la relevancia y la manera de entender al jefe tribal en la África poscolonial se (re)escenifica en el nivel del signo.

This paper proposes a frame to analysis conceptions of justice in education. This framework can be very useful to identify conceptions about justice in educational discourses. It is a good example of its heuristic interest. In this way, it will be possible to produce a transfer of the design of different educational systems and deduce probable consequences, or also to identify in the name of what the conception of the education policy about justice is criticized or defended. After the presentation of the respective work of the two authors of this article, based on the theories of justice, three models of analysis of educational equity are discussed: Demeuse and Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) and Espinoza (2007). Finally we propose a new model to overcome the weak points identified in previous models. ; En este trabajo se propone un marco de referencia para analizar las concepciones sobre la justicia en educación. Dicho marco puede ser muy útil para identificar aquellas concepciones sobre la justicia en los discursos, lo que da buena muestra de su interés heurístico. De este modo, se podrá producir una transferencia del diseño de entre distintos sistemas educativos y deducir consecuencias probables, o también para identificar en nombre de lo que la concepción de la política de educación de la justicia es criticado o defendido. Tras la presentación del respectivo trabajo de los dos autores de este artículo, basado en las teorías de la justicia, se discuten tres modelos de análisis de la equidad educativa: Demeuse y Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) y Espinoza (2007). Finalmente proponemos un nuevo modelo para superar los puntos débiles identificados en modelos anteriores. ; Dans cet article, nous proposons un cadre d'analyse des conceptions de la justice en éducation. Développer un tel cadre d'analyse permettant d'identifier les conceptions de la justice à l'œuvre dans des discours possède un intérêt heuristique fort. Cela permet de montrer un éventuel passage d'une conception à l'autre dans un système éducatif et d'en déduire de probables conséquences, ou encore d'identifier au nom de quelle conception de la justice une politique éducative est critiquée ou défendue. Après avoir présenté les travaux respectifs des deux auteurs de cet article, basés sur les théories de la justice, nous discutons trois modèles d'analyse de l'équité en éducation: Demeuse et Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) et Espinoza (2007). Nous proposons finalement un nouveau modèle permettant de dépasser les points faibles identifiés dans les modèles précédents.