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Discusses uncertainty among the communist leadership about economic policy in a declining economy, focusing on international engagement and implications of capitalism for the one-party state and political power.

View that Gorbachev has consistently misjudged the issues in both domestic and foreign policy.

Die Autoren sehen in M. Gorbacev nicht den genialen Politiker, sondern denjenigen, der maßgeblich für das Andauern der schweren Krise in der UdSSR verantwortlich ist. Diese Krise ist für sie nicht so sehr ein ökonomisches Phänomen, als eine Legitimitätskrise des sowjetischen Systems. Durch das Festhalten am leninistischen Avantgarde-Modell verhindert Gorbacev bis jetzt eine Lösung der Krise und damit auch den ökonomischen Wiederaufbau der UdSSR. (BIOst-Rsg)

It is argued that the concept of contradiction has lost explanatory value, its use in Marxist analysis tending to "oscillate between.pretentious & empty theoretical verbiage & ritual cliche, vague enough to cover almost anything.." In an attempt to rescue the concept & reestablish its utility for contemporary analyses of capitalism, Karl Marx's original theorizing is revisited in light of the ideas on contradiction expressed by Marxist historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix (1981) in his work on class struggle in ancient Greece. Marx & Ste. Croix are compared in terms of their perspectives of contradiction between (1) the forces & relations of production, (2) the social character of production & private appropriation, & (3) private landownership & rational agriculture. Ste. Croix's objections to the application of contradiction to class relations are reviewed, & the idea that class relations under capitalism may be different than those in other systems is explored. The roles of market dependence & exchange relations in contradictory class relations are also reevaluated. Capitalist contradictions in the modern world are evidenced in two examples: ecological degradation & globalization. K. Hyatt Stewart

It is argued that the concept of contradiction has lost explanatory value, its use in Marxist analysis tending to "oscillate between.pretentious & empty theoretical verbiage & ritual cliche, vague enough to cover almost anything.." In an attempt to rescue the concept & reestablish its utility for contemporary analyses of capitalism, Karl Marx's original theorizing is revisited in light of the ideas on contradiction expressed by Marxist historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix (1981) in his work on class struggle in ancient Greece. Marx & Ste. Croix are compared in terms of their perspectives of contradiction between (1) the forces & relations of production, (2) the social character of production & private appropriation, & (3) private landownership & rational agriculture. Ste. Croix's objections to the application of contradiction to class relations are reviewed, & the idea that class relations under capitalism may be different than those in other systems is explored. The roles of market dependence & exchange relations in contradictory class relations are also reevaluated. Capitalist contradictions in the modern world are evidenced in two examples: ecological degradation & globalization. K. Hyatt Stewart

This article identifies the difficulty in defining conservatism and then goes on to illustrate the contradiction inherent in conservative thought.* The central problem addressed by the article is the absence of conservative thinking in modern India. Contrary to the practice of labelling certain strands of thinking as conservative, Indian political thought of past two centuries hardly has any serious conservative tradition. Looking at the ideas of Malaviya, Gandhi and Hindu nationalists, this article shows that while some of their positions did come close to conservative thinking, they did not systematically pursue conservative thinking. A key reason for this is the colonial rupture that negative possibility of serious engagement with past.

This paper addresses the lack of automated contradiction detection systems for the Spanish language. The ES-Contradiction dataset was created and contains examples with two pieces of information classified as Compatible, Contradiction, or Unrelated. To the author's knowledge, a Spanish-language contradiction dataset is non-existent and therefore, the ES-Contradiction dataset fills an important research gap, given Spanish being one of the most widely spoken languages. Moreover, the dataset built includes a fine-grained annotation of the different types of contradictions in the dataset. A baseline system was designed to validate the effectiveness of the dataset. The BETO transformer model was used to build this baseline system, which obtained a good result to detect the three class labels Compatible, Contradiction, or Unrelated. ; This research work has been partially funded by Generalitat Valenciana through project "SIIA: Tecnologias del lenguaje humano para una sociedad inclusiva, igualitaria, y accesible" with grant reference PROMETEU/2018/089, by the Spanish Government through project RTI2018-094653-B-C22: "Modelang: Modeling the behavior of digital entities by Human Language Technologies", as well as being partially supported by a grant from the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the LIVING-LANG project (RTI2018-094653-B-C21) from the Spanish Government.

The development of welfare states should be explained not only as a factor of deindustrialization, social power resources, or economic competitiveness, but also as the consequence of Cold War confrontation, the post-9 / 11 new world order, and more broadly the long-term geopolitical competition between modern societies. Contradictions inherent to capitalism are the driving forces of recent trends in international political economy. Drawing upon Harvey's perspective, the aim of this article is to bind the contradictions of capital to the contradictions of the welfare state. While this does not entail suggesting these contradictions are of the same nature, it can be argued that the latter derives from the former. This perspective helps to integrate a global dimension into welfare state conceptualisation since the contradictions of capital are not only the product of state interrelations, but also reflect the interaction of market and society at the domestic and supra-national level. The purpose of this article is to apply Harvey's framework on the contradictions of capital to the period in which they have most affected welfare state reform, and to establish a chronology of the contradictions of the welfare state. This will demonstrate how the welfare state has evolved in response to the paradoxes of capital. However, instead of resolving the tensions inherent in capitalism, the welfare state started developing contradictions of its own. A deeper understanding of the contradictions of welfare states is vital in assessing the dynamics of modern social policies, as it enables the policy-makers to better understand why these arrangements do not often meet public expectations.