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The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660– 1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the collection of Vilnius University. The manuscript written in Polish and Ruthenian languages is important for research of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in it witnesses court activities, reflecting a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. The abundance of accumulated information enables us to consider it as unique reference book that reflects changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL. Chronologically ample documentary material is interesting and vital to the history of language, historical geography, and genealogy investigation. The article was prepared in the framework of the research project "Court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realized by Vilnius University Library (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19).

The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660– 1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the collection of Vilnius University. The manuscript written in Polish and Ruthenian languages is important for research of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in it witnesses court activities, reflecting a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. The abundance of accumulated information enables us to consider it as unique reference book that reflects changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL. Chronologically ample documentary material is interesting and vital to the history of language, historical geography, and genealogy investigation. The article was prepared in the framework of the research project "Court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realized by Vilnius University Library (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19).

The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660– 1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the collection of Vilnius University. The manuscript written in Polish and Ruthenian languages is important for research of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in it witnesses court activities, reflecting a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. The abundance of accumulated information enables us to consider it as unique reference book that reflects changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL. Chronologically ample documentary material is interesting and vital to the history of language, historical geography, and genealogy investigation. The article was prepared in the framework of the research project "Court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realized by Vilnius University Library (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19).

The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660– 1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the collection of Vilnius University. The manuscript written in Polish and Ruthenian languages is important for research of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in it witnesses court activities, reflecting a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. The abundance of accumulated information enables us to consider it as unique reference book that reflects changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL. Chronologically ample documentary material is interesting and vital to the history of language, historical geography, and genealogy investigation. The article was prepared in the framework of the research project "Court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realized by Vilnius University Library (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19).

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English] The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the collection of Vilnius University. The manuscript written in Polish and Ruthenian languages is important for research of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in it witnesses court activities, reflecting a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. The abundance of accumulated information enables us to consider it as unique reference book that reflects changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL. Chronologically ample documentary material is interesting and vital to the history of language, historical geography, and genealogy investigation. The article was prepared in the framework of the research project "Court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realized by Vilnius University Library (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). ; [статья и аннотация на русском, аннотации на английском и литовском языках] В статье представлена языковая и типологическая xарактеристика одной из рукописныx актовыx книг XVII в., составленной в канцелярии Трокского замкового суда на польском и западнорусском (старобелорусском, руськом) языкаx. Изучение памятника позволяет утверждать, что делопроизводство в местныx судебныx органах ВКЛ наxодилось на высоком для своего времени уровне развития, к середине XVII в. сложились определенные жанры правовой документации. Из 820 актов, вxодящиx в состав памятника, 56% составлено только на польском, 8% — на руськом, 36% — на обоиx языкаx. Можно предполагать, что выбор языка в каждом конкретном случае был связан как с типом документа, так и с языковыми предпочтениями и компетенцией клиента. Trakų pilies teismo aktų knyga [1660–1661]LDK teisinės komunikacijos konteksteStraipsnyje pristatoma iki šiol nenagrinėta 1660–1661 m. Trakų pilies teismo aktų knygą (F7–TrPT, 1660–1661), pateikiama kalbinė ir tipologinė paminklo charakteristika. Knygos kalbiniai bruožai yra tiesiogiai susiję su ypatingos kultūrinės LDK situacijos, grindžiamos valstybės multietniškumu, kaita. Nagrinėjamo paminklo dokumentai, atsižvelgiant į jų paskirtį, parašyti lenkų arba kanceliarine slavų (rusėnų) kalbomis. Juose sukaupta informacija rodo LDK teisinės sistemos veiklą, atspindi plačią politinę, socialinę ir kultūrinę Lietuvos istorijos panoramą ir gyvenimo normų kaitą. Ši dokumentinė medžiaga yra įdomi ir svarbi teisinei komunikacijai, sociolingvistinei situacijai, geneologijai tyrinėti. Straipsnis parengtas įgyvendinant Lietuvos mokslo tarybos finansuotą mokslo tyrimų projektą "LDK Teismų knygų, saugomų Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje (VUB), skaitmeninimas ir raštų duomenų bazės sudarymas" (Nr. LIT–5–19).Reikšminiai žodžiai:LDK teismo knygos, Trakų pilies teismo aktai, skaitmeninės VUB kolekcijos, LDK slavų kalbos, teisinė komunikacija

The catalogue was prepared in the framework of the reseach project "Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realised by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part III of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of them (pp. 467–708). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL.

The catalogue was prepared in the framework of the reseach project "Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): digitization and database" realised by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part III of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of them (pp. 467–708). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated in them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent changing sociolinguistic situation of the GDL.

The catalogue was prepared within the framework of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Digitization and Database, realized by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, No. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part IV of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of the documents No. 664–774 (pp. 709–826). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated within them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the process of change in the sociolinguistic situation of the GDL

The catalogue was prepared within the framework of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Digitization and Database, realized by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, No. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part IV of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of the documents No. 664–774 (pp. 709–826). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated within them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the process of change in the sociolinguistic situation of the GDL

The catalogue was prepared within the framework of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Digitization and Database, realized by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, No. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part IV of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of the documents No. 664–774 (pp. 709–826). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated within them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the process of change in the sociolinguistic situation of the GDL

The catalogue was prepared within the framework of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Digitization and Database, realized by Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, No. LIT–5–19). The paper deals with the previously unexplored Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7–MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection. It presents Part IV of the critical catalogue of the manuscripts written in Polish and Old Byelorussian (Ruthenian) languages, also as short descriptions of the documents No. 664–774 (pp. 709–826). These documents are important for the research of Lithuanian, Polish and Byelorussian history. Information accumulated within them reflects a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. It enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the process of change in the sociolinguistic situation of the GDL

This paper analyzes the evolution of the institutional matrix of the GDL and establishes two stages in it. The first (pre­federative) is characterized by institutional diffusion, from the Kingdom of Poland in the first place, whereas the second is linked with the formation of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania. It is shown that, as the formed federation united societies with distinct types of dominating institutions, institutional transplantation occurred from the more economically developed country to the other. Such integration leads not only to positive implications but also to the mutation of the transplanted institutions (strengthening of serfdom during the transition to the more progressive folwark agriculture). Transfer of the Western European system of fideicommissum inheritance turned out to be an institutional pitfall since the indivisible manors – ordynacii – presented a case of a state within a state, with their owners relying on the redistributive institutions at the microlevel (within their estates) and pursuing the market institutions at the macrolevel (within the country as a whole) in order to cement their economic position.Peculiarities of the political sphere conditioned the transformation of the socio­cultural subsystem of the GDL's institutional matrix. Roman Catholicism expanded rapidly, undermining the religious tolerance that the Grand Duchy had hitherto been known for. The elements of subsidiary ideology, coming from Poland, were understood as giving exceptional rights only to the szlachta stratum; acquisition of the golden liberties was equated with conversion to Catholicism and the use of the Polish language.The consequences of these policies were the following: Polonization and mass conversion to Catholicism among the propertied classes; widespread resentment among the worse­off, morphing into popular uprisings in the XVII century; alignment of property, confession, and language groups in the society, which moved the social inequality issue into the ethnic dimension and contributed to interethnic strife in the lands of the former GDL in the centuries to come.The absence of efficient governmental management of institutional transplantation caused an institutional crisis, which, with the political elites being disunited, was the reason for the entire social system to disintegrate.

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.