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During the early 1980s, Japanese & Norwegian businessmen illegally exported computer-controlled robots to the USSR, enabling the Soviets to mass produce submarine propellers that were so quiet as to escape detection by US defense technology; regaining this capability will cost US taxpayers at least $8 billion. This case is examined in detail to reveal how it developed, was detected, & reacted to by both the parties directly involved & the US. The magnitude of damages caused by such illicit technology transfer raised several issues regarding how much these countries should compensate the US for failing to enforce their own import & export laws &, on a larger scale, whether it is possible to control such activities within the context of normal East-West trade ties. 1 Figure. K. Hyatt

Critical of federal land management.

Abstract: The concerns of feminist and radical writers for women as victims of crime are set out. Their criticisms of quantitative work in general and the British Crime Survey in particular are mentioned. Data are presented from the survey showing that women victims of personal crime disproportionately suffer at the hands of people they know well, and of husbands especially. Such crimes are reported to the police less than crimes against males, and this is shown not to be an artefact of the degree of injury caused. The paper's purpose is to show that survey data, with all their imperfections, can be used to address the issues of concern.

Security implications of the Japanese and Norwegian illegal sale of microelectronics to the Soviet Union.