Suchergebnisse

1 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (I): Stating the Problem -- 2 • The Justice Motive in Human Relations: Some Thoughts on What We Know and Need to Know about Justice -- Basic Processes -- 3 • Theoretical Issues in the Development of Social Justice -- 4 • The Development of Justice and Self-Interest during Childhood -- 5 • Morality and the Development of Conceptions of Justice -- 6 • Social Change and the Contexts of Justice Motivation -- 7 • Retributive Justice -- 8 • The Social Psychology of Punishment Reactions -- 9 • Microjustice and Macrojustice -- Institutional Settings -- 10 • The Changing Longevity of Heterosexual Close Relationships: A Commentary and Forecast -- 11 • Giving and Receiving: Social Justice in Close Relationships -- 12 • The Exchange Process in Close Relationships: Microbehavior and Macromotives -- 13 • The Justice of Distributing Scarce and Abundant Resources -- 14 • The Allocation and Acquisition of Resources in Times of Scarcity -- 15 • Justice in "The Crunch" -- 16 • The Relationship of Economic Growth to Inequality in the Distribution of Income -- 17 • Justice Motives and Other Psychological Factors in the Development and Resolution of Disputes -- 18 • Down-to-Earth Justice: Pitfalls on the Road to Legal Decentralization -- 19 • Law as a Social Trap: Problems and Possibilities for the Future -- Endnote -- 20 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (II): Constructive Alternatives -- Author Index.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION -- PART ONE: IMMIGRANTS AND THE ECONOMY -- Myth 1. IMMIGRANTS TAKE AMERICAN JOBS -- Myth 2. IMMIGRANTS COMPETE WITH LOW-SKILLED WORKERS AND DRIVE DOWN WAGES -- Myth 3. UNIONS OPPOSE IMMIGRATION BECAUSE IT HARMS THE WORKING CLASS -- Myth 4. IMMIGRANTS DON'T PAY TAXES -- Myth 5. IMMIGRANTS ARE A DRAIN ON THE ECONOMY -- Myth 6. IMMIGRANTS SEND MOST OF WHAT THEY EARN OUT OF THE COUNTRY IN THE FORM OF REMITTANCES -- PART TWO: IMMIGRANTS AND THE LAW -- Myth 7. THE RULES APPLY TO EVERYONE, SO NEW IMMIGRANTS NEED TO FOLLOW THEM JUST AS IMMIGRANTS IN THE PAST DID -- Myth 8. THE COUNTRY IS BEING OVERRUN BY ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS -- Myth 9. THE UNITED STATES HAS A GENEROUS REFUGEE POLICY -- PART THREE: IMMIGRATION AND RACE -- Myth 10. THE UNITED STATES IS A MELTING POT THAT HAS ALWAYS WELCOMED IMMIGRANTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD -- Myth 11. SINCE WE ARE ALL THE DESCENDANTS OF IMMIGRANTS HERE, WE ALL START ON EQUAL FOOTING -- Myth 12. TODAY'S IMMIGRANTS THREATEN THE NATIONAL CULTURE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ASSIMILATING -- Myth 13. TODAY'S IMMIGRANTS ARE NOT LEARNING ENGLISH, AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION JUST ADDS TO THE PROBLEM -- PART FOUR: HOW HAVE U.S. POLICIES CREATED IMMIGRATION? -- Myth 14. IMMIGRANTS ONLY COME HERE BECAUSE THEY WANT TO ENJOY OUR HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING -- Case Study. THE PHILIPPINES -- PART FIVE: THE DEBATE AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM -- Myth 15. THE AMERICAN PUBLIC OPPOSES IMMIGRATION, AND THE DEBATE IN CONGRESS REFLECTS THAT -- Myth 16. THE OVERWHELMING VICTORY OF PROPOSITION 187 IN CALIFORNIA SHOWS THAT THE PUBLIC OPPOSES IMMIGRATION -- Myth 17. IMMIGRATION IS A PROBLEM -- Myth 18. COUNTRIES NEED TO CONTROL WHO GOES IN AND OUT -- Myth 19. WE NEED TO PROTECT OUR BORDERS TO PREVENT CRIMINALS AND TERRORISTS FROM ENTERING THE COUNTRY.

Book One — Introduction -- I — The Approach to Ethics and Morality -- 1. Methodological Considerations -- 2. Moral Integrative Levels -- 3. A Summary Perspective -- Book Two — The Ethical Integrative Series -- II — The Ethics of the Individual -- 1. The Individual Good -- 2. Approaches to the Good -- 3. The Pursuit of the Good -- III — The Ethics of Society -- 1. Morality as Social Structure -- 2. The Covert Moral Structure -- 3. The Overt Moral Structure -- 4. Rights and Duties -- 5. The Law and Legal Procedures -- IV — The Ethics of the Human Species -- 1. From Society to Humanity -- 2. Characteristics of the Human Species -- 3. The Morality of the Human Species -- 4. Moral Encounters with Near-by Species -- V — The Ethics of the Cosmos -- 1. The Cosmic Perspective -- 2. The Cosmic Good -- 3. Truth and Value -- 4. Cosmic Type Responsibility -- 5. Cosmic Confrontation -- 6. Normative Cosmic Ethics -- 7. The Ethics of Man in Relation to the Cosmos -- Book Three — The Moral Situation and Its Outcome -- VI — Ideal Morality -- 1. The Choice of Ideals -- 2. Individual Ideals -- 3. Social Ideals -- 4. Human Ideals -- 5. Cosmic Ideals -- VII — Concrete Morality -- 1. Bad Behavior and Immorality -- 2. Bad Individual Behavior -- 3. Bad Social Behavior -- 4. Bad Species Behavior -- 5. Bad Cosmic Behavior -- VIII — Moral Strategy -- 1. The Uses of Strategy -- 2. The Strategy of Individual Obligation -- 3. The Strategy of Social Obligation -- 4. The Strategy of Human Obligation -- 5. The Strategy of Cosmic Obligation -- Name Index -- Topic Index.

Die Regelungen des Jugendgesetzes der DDR vom 28. Januar 1974 betreffen alle wichtigen Lebens- und Entwicklungsbereiche der jungen Generation. In der Untersuchung wurden Stellungnahmen zu folgenden Sachverhalten erfragt: Vertrautheit mit den Begriffen "Jugendgesetz" und "sozialistische Demokratie", Meinungen über die Forderungen an die Jugend und die Förderung der Jugend, Meinungen über die Verpflichtungen zu politischen Aktivitäten und sinnvollen Freizeitaktivitäten usw. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich u.a., daß die "Orientierungen des Jugendgesetzes überwiegend von jungen Werktätigen angenommen werden. Zu berücksichtigen ist allerdings, daß es Divergenzen zwischen der Orientierung und dem Realverhalten gibt." (pbb)

Gewalt in den Massenmedien wurde nach einschlägigen Rechtsvorschriften der DDR als Teilaspekt der Jugendgefährdung durch "Schund- und Schmutzerzeugnisse" (hauptsächlich der BRD-Massenmedien) angesehen. Die vorliegende Expertise bemüht sich, diesem vereinfachten Verständnis des Medienwirkungsgeschehens entgegenzuarbeiten. Medienwirkungen sind in einen multivariablen Prozeß einzuordnen, in dem gesamtgesellschaftliche, individuelle und situative Faktoren eine Rolle spielen. Die Daten der vorliegenden "Vergleichsgruppenuntersuchung" von Jugendlichen mit unterschiedlicher krimineller Belastung zeigen, daß "Problemjugendliche" signifikant häufiger massenmediale Gewaltdarstellungen konsumieren. Aus der jugendkriminologischen Sicht der Studie läßt sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen Medienwirklichkeit und kriminellem Verhalten Jugendlicher belegen. (pmb)

Die vorliegende Untersuchung liefert Informationen über das Verhältnis der Jugendlichen in der DDR zur sozialistischen Demokratie. Sie will damit Orientierungshilfe für die sozialistische Jugendpolitik geben. Dazu stellt sie Ergebnisse von Befragungen zur Mitarbeit in folgenden öffentlichen Gremien der Gesellschaft in der DDR vor: Volksvertretungen und andere politische Gremien; Organisationen der FDJ; Schlichtungskommissionen; Volkspolizei; gewerkschaftliche Gremien sowie die Schöffentätigkeit bei einem Gericht. (pag)

Selected papers edited and with an introduction by Renate Mayntz.

1. Connected Networks -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Set Theory -- 1.2 Sets with Two or Less Elements -- 1.3 Generalized Union -- 1.4 Relations and Functions -- 1.5 Superpositions and Inverses -- 1.6 Restrictions -- 1.7 Cartesian Products -- 1.8 Some Special Symbols -- 1.9 Finite Sequences -- 1.10 Networks -- 1.11 Geometrical Realization of a Network -- 1.12 Subnetworks -- 1.13 Degree of a Vertex -- 1.14 Path in a Network -- 1.15 Proper Path in a Network -- 1.16 Reduction of a Path to a Proper Path -- 1.17 Connected Networks -- 1.18 Isolated Vertices -- 1.19 Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.20 Path Connected Set of Branches -- 1.21 Union of Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.22 Connectedness of Paths -- 1.23 Component of a Set of Branches -- 1.24 Existence of Components -- 1.25 Partition into Components -- 1.26 Removal of a Branch -- 2. Loops, Trees, and Cut Sets -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Loop in a Network -- 2.2 Loops -- 2.3 Subloops of a Loop -- 2.4 Branches and Vertices of a Loop -- 2.5 Paths in a Loop -- 2.6 Removal of a Branch from a Loop -- 2.7 Tree in a Network -- 2.8 Trees -- 2.9 Connected Subset of a Tree -- 2.10 Branches and Vertices of a Tree -- 2.11 Number of Vertices of a Connected Set of Branches -- 2.12 Addition of a Branch to a Tree -- 2.13 Existence of Maximal Trees -- 2.14 Cut Set in a Network -- 2.15 Existence of Cut Sets -- 2.16 Alternate Characterization of Cut Sets -- 3. Incidence Functions and Incidence Matrices -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Incidence Functions -- 3.2 Matrices and Arrays -- 3.3 Submatrices -- 3.4 Determinants -- 3.5 Incidence Matrices -- 3.6 Square Submatrices of an Incidence Matrix -- 3.7 Unimodular Matrices -- 3.8 Laplacian Expansion of a Determinant -- 3.9 Reduced Incidence Matrix of a Tree -- 3.10 Incidence Matrix of a Loop -- 4. Linear Algebra Review -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Field of Scalars -- 4.2 Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Functions -- 4.3 Linear Space of 0-Chains -- 4.4 Canonical Base of the Space of 0-Chains -- 4.5 Inner Product -- 4.6 Linear Maps -- 4.7 Transpose of a Linear Map -- 4.8 Direct Sum Decomposition -- 4.9 Dimension and Direct Sum Decomposition -- 5. Boundary Operator and Coboundary Operator -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 5.2 Chain Spaces -- 5.3 The Boundary Operator -- 5.4 Boundaries and Cycles -- 5.5 Summation Over Finite Sets -- 5.6 The Coboundary Operator -- 5.7 Coboundaries and Cocycles -- 5.8 Boundaries, Coboundaries, and Inner Products -- 5.9 Orthogonality of Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.10 Orthogonality of Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.11 Decomposition of ?(K) into Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.12 Decomposition of ? (V) into Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.13 Isomorphism of Coboundaries and Boundaries -- 5.14 Dimension of the Space of Cocycles -- 6. Axioms of Network Analysis -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 6.2 Resistive Networks -- 6.3 Currents and Voltages -- 6.4 Ohm's Law -- 6.5 Sources -- 6.6 Kirchhoff's Laws for Voltage Sources -- 6.7 Kirchhoff's Laws for Current Sources -- 7. Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 7.2 Linearity of L and H -- 7.3 Existence and Uniqueness with Voltage Sourcess -- 7.4 Existence and Uniqueness with Current Sources -- 7.5 Current Variables -- 7.6 Voltage Variables -- 8. Kirchhoff's Third and Fourth Laws -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 8.2 The Cycle Map -- 8.3 The Chord Map -- 8.4 The Sum of Tree Chord Products -- 8.5 The Current Chain with Voltage Sources -- 8.6 The Coboundary Map -- 8.7 The Tree Branch Map -- 8.8 The Sum of Tree Branch Products -- 8.9 The Voltage Chain with Current Sources -- 8.10 Invariance Under Change of Incidence -- References.