Suchergebnisse

The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.

This article gives a historical overview of the development of the state of Israel, since its formation in 1948, as the center of the monotheistic religions of the world. Looking at specific political & religious problems encountered by the Israeli government in its relations with the rest of the world, the article discusses what can be learned from different approaches to Israeli law with respect to religious conflict & multiculturalism. E. Miller

[ES] En 1894 Cesar Lombroso va a culminar su determinismo político con la publicación de su libro Gli anarchici. Sin duda la obra del profesor de Turín se convierte, intencionadamente o no, en un eficaz instrumento coercitivo, esgrimido por una pujante clase burguesa, frente a las inquietudes revolucionarias promovidas por la clase obrera en la Europa de finales del siglo xrx g primeras décadas del >ü;. Ciencia y revolución parecían condenadas a enfrentarse. Este aspecto de la doctrina lombrosiana tuvo amplia incidencia en la España finisecular, tesis frente a la cual el movimiento ácrata español reacciono enérgica 7 contundentemente. Por su parte, el movimiento antropológico criminal español se mostró en esta ocasión displicente con los postulados deterministas, oponiéndose a una sociedad oligárquica que acudía al oráculo de la ciencia en demanda de justicia y protección frente al terrorismo anarquista. ; [EN] In 1894 Cesar Lombroso culminated his political determinism with the publication of his book Gli anarchici. The work of this Turin professor undoubtedly became, wheter intentionally or not, an effective coercive instrument, wielded by a powerful borgeois class against the revolutionary anxieties promoted by the working class in Europe at the end of the XIXth century an in the first decades of the XXth century. Science and revolution appeared condemned to confrontation this aspect of Lombrosian doctrine had a widespread influence in the Spain of the turn of the century, theses against which the Spanish acrasy movement reacted vigorously and decisively. For its part the Spanish criminal anthropological movement showed on this occasion its displeasure towards the determinist postulates and in opposition to an oligarchic society which resorted to the oracle of science in demand of justice and protection from anarchic terrorism. ; Peer reviewed

The roots of those differences as between the city of the rich and its poor man's counterpart, as between the lawful one and that outside all law are examined as within the context of the Third World. The colonial past of such places is taken as the starting point of this study, it beeing seen as the origen of their physical, social and economic seperating lay-out. Further to this, the gigantic repercusion of the world economic crisis on all aspects of urban and rural life in many of the states within this general context is studied. The paper finishes by taking to task the majority of the governments of these states for the haziness of their housing distribution thinking and sees this as being further muddled by the wrong-headed protagonism that this tends to give to the demands of ambitious economic planning, planning which pays scant attention to either the real economic potential of the states or the administrative potential actually existing at provincial of local levels ; Las causas de las diferencias entre la ciudad de los ricos y la ciudad de los pobres, la ciudad legal y la ciudad ilegal, dentro del Tercer Mundo, se analizan en este trabajo partiendo de su pasado colonial, origen de su configuración separadora tanto física como social y económica. Asimismo, se estudia la enorme repercusión de la crisis económica mundial en todos los aspectos de la vida urbana y rural de muchos de los paises de este ámbito geográfico. Por último, se formula una dura critica a la mayoria de los gobiernos de estos países por la indefinición en su política de asentamientos humanos, perjudicada, además, por el énfasis puesto en los grandes planes económicos, pero sin relacionar éstos ni con la capacidad económica real del país ni con la organización administrativa existente a nivel provincial y local

[EN] This article questions the general assumption that the medieval peasantry was ruled by norms imposed from above. It argues that relations between lords and peasants were subject to a continuous process of negotiation and conflict. Legal disputes between organized communities of peasants (concejos), and their lords sometimes ended with a record (fuero) of provisions to regulate their mutual relations thereafter. These fueros embody an idea of legitimate power and also of the limits of legitimate power. It also argues that formal, legal disputes were closely connected with the everyday resistance that peasants often made to seignorial demands. This connection should be studied to understand the political activities of the peasantry. ; [ES] La interpretación generalizada que ve el campesinado medieval sometido a sistemas normativos que le son ajenos por impuestos desde arriba es cuestionada en este artículo mediante el examen de diferentes fueros locales que son resultado de disputas judiciales entre concejos y sus señores. Se muestra así el carácter y ia capacidad de los campesinos en la formalización jurídica de sus demandas, el uso estratégico de procedimientos legales y el carácter transaccional de muchas de las cartas forales que se conservan. Es decir, que la definición normativa de la relación señores/campesinos se da en procesos de negociación y conflicto continuados, que el derecho, por tanto, no es un mero atributo del poder, sino que contiene los límites para su ejercicio legítimo. Se argumenta, igualmente, que la lucha judicial del campesinado estaba estrechamente relacionada con esa conflictividad más cotidiana que calificamos de resistencia, pues las resistencias también se expresaban en el campo legal, en la lucha por la definición y reconocimiento de sus derechos. Y que es en la interrelación de ambas donde hemos de buscar los rasgos más específicos de su acción política. ; Peer reviewed