Suchergebnisse

This article is generically dedicated to the legal effects of the acts practiced by young people, both minors and those of legal age, under the influence of drugs. In Part I, our attention is called to the legal-civil consequences of these acts. Thus, we shall begin with a brief preliminary note on the concept of civil law. Having noted this, we will examine the main topic to speak of the legally existing mechanisms (within the scope of civil law) to protect those people, and for this purpose, we distinguish between minors and adults (or equated to adults, which is the case of minors who are emancipated by marriage): the minor regime, in the first case, and possibly, the regime of incapacitation (an incapacity that is not generic and permanent), or even accidental incapacity (not permanent or transitory), caused by the consumption of alcohol or drugs, in the case of adulthood (or equated with adulthood). In the second part, initially, we give a general presentation of criminal law, with this part divided into two large sections: the sale and consumption of narcotics and the legal treatment given to minors. From a general standpoint, when an analysis of the agent's guilt cannot be made, the law considers him to be unimputable. From an internal standpoint, we shall analyze the most relevant legal aspects of the Decree-Law referring to traffic and to drugs. One particular aspect of this regime lies in the fact that in Macau, drug consumption is considered to be a crime (article 28), unlike in European countries, like Portugal, since 2000. We shall also take into account other legislation in Macau in which drugs play a crucial role, as is the case of the misdemeanor established in article 68 of the Highway Code, which consists, among other items, in driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics (note that this Code was recently altered by the Highway Traffic Law, which entered into effect in October 2007). Next, we will analyze the regime applied to minors from a concrete perspective of criminal law. ; Este ...

This work aims to discuss the principle of legality in criminal law, principle qualified as a fundamental human right. The criminal legality is a natural guarantee of citizens, having basic character in any state that pretends itself democratic, reflecting main feature of the legal systems based on justice and rationality. As it is clear that the principle of legality seems to be a constitutional guarantee of individual, its analysis is essential for understanding a principled view of the criminal law. To do so, it perquires about the character of legality, reflects on the intimate relationship between legality and democratic state, peers up about the historical origin and content of the clause of legality, reasons about the consequences of this postulate, formulates ideas about the criminalization warrants, develops arguments about controversial issues involving the legality of criminal and, finally, some finishing touches are made on the subject.

Status of religious communities -- Relations between the State and Islam -- State support for Islamic religious communities -- Muslims in integration law -- Mosques and prayer houses -- Burial and cemeteries -- Education and schools -- Further and higher (tertiary) education -- Islamic chaplaincy in public institutions -- Employment and social law -- Islamic slaughter and food regulation -- Islamic goods and services -- Islamic dress -- Criminal law -- Family law.

Law transforms our lives in the most important way: it changes how we act and because of this it gives rise to fundamental questions. One such question concerns legal authority and individual autonomy and asks; if we are autonomous agents how do legislators, judges and officials have legitimate authority to change our actions and indirectly change how we conduct our lives? The strategy of this article is to focus on the agent, i.e. the addressee of the legal command or directive who performs the action requested by the legal official. This strategy is bottom-up, from the level of agency and practical reason to the justificatory framework of authority.Key words: Individual Autonomy; Legal authority; Compliance Phenomenon. Resumo: O Direito transforma nossas vidas do modo mais importante: ele altera como nós agimos e, por causa disso, exsurgem uma série de questões fundamentais. Uma dessas questões se relaciona à autoridade do Direito e à liberdade individual, fazendo surgir a pergunta: se nós somos dotados de autonomia como indivíduos, como os legisladores, juízes e agentes públicos possuem autoridade legítima para mudar nossas ações e indiretamente alterar o modo como conduzimos nossas vidas? O objetivos deste artigo é focar no indivíduo, isto é, no destinatário do comando legal que pratica a ação requisitada pelo agente da lei. A estratégia, dessa forma, partir de baixo para cima, do nível do agente e da razão prática até o quadro justificador de autoridade. Palavras-chave: Autonomia individual; Autoridade legal; Fenômeno de Compliance.

Since it is imposed to thinking, deconstruction can be seen as a law, the Law itself. Deconstruction of law is to put it in the context of writing, to notice its submission to the différance, to the play in the language. The law of deconstruction acts in the deconstruction of law, revealing paradoxes and fragilities of juridical order, as well as concepts of natural law and human rights. Finally, deconstruction of law brings with it justice as undecidability, such as the obligation to make fair decisions, even when it is not possible to state the presence of justice. Law, writing and deconstruction converge then to justice, understood as the hospitality.

Questions surrounding the issue of medical records are always of great interest and importance. It is in this spirit that Scientia Medica is publishing an article on electronic patient record, a reality that, sooner or later, all institutions providing health care will have to adapt. It is true that many difficulties must be overcome before implementing, with absolute safety, the records in electronic media. Among other issues to be addressed are the legal issues. It is essential for medical and law professionals knowing the legal guidelines on the subject, allowing the construction of valid medical documents, both in electronic or traditional media, for patient care and also as a means of defense. The Federal Council of Medicine has been supplying various legislative absences with their resolutions. However, formal legislation on some issues relating to medical records, including those related to digital or computerized records, would confer the necessary legal safety for this process to walk much more advanced. ; As questões que circundam o tema do prontuário médico são sempre de grande interesse e importância. É com este espírito que a Scientia Medica está publicando artigo sobre o prontuário eletrônico do paciente, uma realidade à qual, mais cedo ou mais tarde, todas as instituições que prestam assistência à saúde terão que se adequar. É certo que inúmeras dificuldades deverão ser superadas antes da implementação, com absoluta segurança, do prontuário em meio eletrônico. Entre outras questões que deverão ser endereçadas, estão as questões jurídicas. É fundamental que os profissionais da medicina e do direito conheçam o manancial normativo sobre o assunto, possibilitando a construção de documentos médicos válidos, pelos meios tradicionais ou eletrônicos, tanto para a assistência do paciente quanto como meio de defesa legal. O Conselho Federal de Medicina vem suprindo diversas ausências legislativas com as suas Resoluções. Entretanto, a legislação formal sobre algumas questões relativas aos prontuários ...

After the Lisbon Summit of 2009, the whole matter of fundamental rights in the European Union has taken a new connotation. Local economic interests and social protests – in opposition to the "neoliberal agenda" of EU institutions – have played an important role in stopping the enforcement of the "Constitutional Treaty" and boosted an anti-Euro mobilization. In the meanwhile, the European bodies and transnational corporations have continued to settle a new and alternative basis for the integration. A radical shift can be observed, from the research of synthetic set of principles – as those established on the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – to a deeply technical and detailed normative production. The regulation on safety and healthy workplaces is one of the best point of view to study this change. Far from calling into question the unbalanced positions between the parties in contemporary labour relationships, the European strategy for workers' protection move through procedural issues and voluntary obedience to the soft law instruments. In the past, the legal doctrine described the creation of a multilevel architecture of institutions, sometimes implemented in a top-down approach. Along with this, recently, it was implemented the establishment of common organizational standards associated to a specific system of corporate governance to pursue a better integration between business and fundamental rights. ; Após o Summit de Lisboa de 2009, toda a questão dos direitos fundamentais na União Europeia tomou uma nova conotação. Os interesses econômicos locais e os protestos sociais – em oposição a "agenda neoliberal" promovida pelas instituições europeias – têm desempenhado um papel importante em parar a execução do "Tratado Constitucional" e impulsionaram uma mobilização anti-Euro. No enquanto isso, os organismos europeus e as empresas transnacionais instalaram uma base nova e alternativa para a integração. Uma mudança radical pode ser observada, a partir da pesquisa de um conjunto (ainda) sintético de princípios – como os estabelecidos na Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia – para uma produção normativa profundamente técnica e detalhada. A regulação da segurança no lugar de trabalho é um dos melhores pontos de observação para estudar a transformação mencionada. Longe de pôr em causa as posições desequilibradas entre as partes nas relações de trabalho contemporâneas, a estratégia europeia para a proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores prefere as questões procedimentais e a adesão voluntária aos instrumentos de soft law. No passado, a doutrina jurídica descrevia a criação de uma arquitetura multi-nível de instituições, as vezes implementada por meio de uma abordagem de cima para baixo (top-down approach). Junto com isso, recentemente, teve a implementação de padrões organizacionais comuns para a criação de um sistema específico de governança corporativa, finalizado a buscar uma melhor integração entre os negócios e os direitos fundamentais.

Introdução / Antônio Rafael Barbosa e Brígida Renoldi -- O PCC : da organização à ética / Karina Biondi -- "A famosa boca do Paranapanema" : outras gestões do uso de crack / Taniele Rui -- Categorias em tráfico : o caso dos mercados de droga portugueses de pequena escala / Manuela Ivone Cunha -- Transando pasta base/paco : novas transações e nova pobreza nos contextos de uso de drogas em populações marginalizadas de Buenos Aires / Maria Epele (tradução de Marcos Veríssimo) -- Vai, levanta a mão! : a criminalidade vista a partir dos bailes funk em favelas do Rio de Janeiro / Carolina Christoph Grillo e Natasha Elbas Neri -- A favela é uma arma : considerações antropológicas sobre campos em fuga / Leonardo Sá -- Táxis na fronteira : disputas pelo espaço da rua em Corumbá/Ladário (Brasil)-Puerto Quijarro/Puerto Suarez (Bolívia) / Gustavo Villela Lima da Costa -- Adictos ou infratores? : as estratégias de um grupo de consumidores de drogas frente às práticas policiais e judiciárias em Buenos Aires / Florencia Corbelle (tradução de Marcos Veríssimo) -- Baseados na Lei ou legalizar o baseado : a atuação do Ministério Público na proibição do movimento social Marcha da Maconha e a formação de redes de militância pró cannabis / Mauro Leno Silvestrin

The zika virus is an emerging and important world health problem. In public health its harmful effects have stimulated various legal interests. The Federal Government of Brazil recently adopted several social and health surveillance measures, extending the instruments of possibilities to combating the virus transmitter in Brazil. Law No. 13.306/2016 brought incisive determinations about action awareness policies and educational campaigns, and at the same time authorizes the highest authorities of the Unified Health System (SUS) within federal, state, county and municipal governments to establish and implement the necessary measures to control the diseases caused by the virus, i.e. dengue, chikungunya and zika. The published legislation has created a motivating environment for researchers to develop projects aimed at the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, the chikungunya virus and the zika virus. Therefore, studies on A. aegypti have led to greater scientifi c knowledge about its habitat, reproduction and development and a description of means to combat it, as a precondition for the ful filment of the social purposes of Law No. 13.301, of June 27, 2016, mainly if researches about more efficient management models and management of public finances, contributing to unveiling impacts on public health and growth and human development.

The Underwater Cultural Heritage is a kind of heritage that is little studied and, for that reason, protection to Underwater Cultural Heritage is yet one of the greatest novelties of the present times. There was no standard to regulate it at the international level by 2001. In turn, at a domestic level, the legislation of the Spanish State fails to have a law to protect it in a specific way, except for Law 16/1985 dated June 25 and issued by the Spanish Historic Heritage - LPHE, which includes it within the archeological heritage.The present legal paper addresses the legislation in force in the Spanish State on Underwater Cultural Heritage, with special attention given to Law 16/1985 dated June 25 of the Spanish Historic Heritage.

Introduction: Serrano cheese is an artisanal product, from the region of Campos de Cima da Serra in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and from the Planalto Sul in the state of Santa Catarina. Objective: The objective of the present work is to discuss some cultural, legal and food safety aspects related to the quality of serrano cheese, a product made of raw milk. Method: This manuscript carries out a bibliographical review of the serrano cheese, using updated scientific and legal documents, to analyze the production, quality and cultural aspects of this product. Results: Results presented in the literature and current legislation indicate that the production of these cheeses can be safe for commercialization, having as main requirements: adoption of good manufacturing practices, care of the dairy herd and due maturation of the product. Current national legislation indicates that the minimum maturation time should be 60 days. The publication of a law that regulates the production of serrano cheese in Rio Grande do Sul allows it to be matured for a shorter time, if its microbiological safety is assured. Conclusions: Additionally to revisions in the laws for the production and marketing of cheeses such as serrano, legal reviews are essential in the area of science, technology and health surveillance to provide a scientific basis to the improvement of the production of those who live on the commercialization of these products. ; Introdução: Queijo serrano é o produto artesanal, originário da região dos Campos de Cima da Serra no Rio Grande do Sul e do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Objetivo: Discutir alguns aspectos relacionados à qualidade do queijo serrano, produto produzido com leite cru, a partir de uma visão sobre seus aspectos culturais, legais e de segurança do alimento. Método: O presente manuscrito se propõe a realizar uma revisão bibliográfica da produção de queijo serrano, utilizando documentos científicos e legais atualizados, para realizar uma análise da produção, qualidade e de aspectos culturais desse produto. Resultados: Resultados apresentados na literatura e as legislações vigentes indicam que a produção desses queijos pode se mostrar segura para comercialização, havendo como principais requisitos a adoção de Boas Práticas de Fabricação, os cuidados com o rebanho leiteiro e a devida maturação do produto. A legislação nacional atual indica que o tempo de maturação mínimo deve ser de 60 dias. A publicação da lei que regulamenta a produção de queijo serrano no Rio Grande do Sul permite que ele seja maturado por menor tempo, desde que assegurada a sua segurança microbiológica. Conclusões: Estudos técnicos em ciência, tecnologia e vigilância sanitária e constante revisões das leis são essenciais para fomentar o contínuo desenvolvimento e aprimoramento da produção daqueles que vivem da comercialização desses produtos.

This article aims to analyse the legal teaching in France. Our approach is guided by a double perspective: the distinction between critical and mundane schools and the notion of crisis, brought from political science. After a brief historical introduction, we will demonstrate how, in the twentieth century, the legal teaching developed itself and produced what we call "classical legal teaching model". Our focus, departing from that double perspective, aim to a dynamics where great social transformations cause strong impact in French university and, on the other hand, how the body of law scholars, to keep their domination position, get to transmit throw the crisis the elements that guarantee that domination, on the "legal science specificities" pretext. Heritage is the political science brought key-concept to understand that dynamics and the classic model production. Our conclusion is an attempt to confront that dynamics with the issues that the legal teaching faces nowadays – specially the discipline loss of centrality – asking the question of how this new crisis will be faced by The Law Schools. ; O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o ensino jurídico na França. Nosso olhar é guiado por uma dupla perspectiva: a distinção entre faculdades críticas e mundanas e a noção de crise, trazida da ciência política. Após brevíssima introdução histórica, demonstraremos como, nas duas metades do século xx, o ensino jurídico se desenvolveu e produziu o que chamamos de modelo clássico de ensino do direito. Nosso foco, a partir dessa dupla perspectiva, aponta para uma dinâmica em que grandes transformações sociais causam significativo impacto na universidade francesa, e, em contrapartida, para como o corpo de juristas, a fim de se manter na posição dominante, consegue transmitir, através das crises, os elementos que garantem essa dominação, calcados nas especificidades da ciência jurídica. O conceito-chave para compreender esta dinâmica e que ao fim produzirá o modelo clássico é o de herança, também trazido da ciência política. Em conclusão, tentaremos confrontar essa dinâmica com as questões que o ensino jurídico francês enfrenta hoje – mormente relacionadas à perda de centralidade da disciplina –, lançando o questionamento de como essa nova crise será enfrentada pelas faculdades de direito.