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Includes bibliographical references (p. [349]-364) and index ; This book illustrates - through the analysis of more than two hundred criminal cases selected from Minzhu yu fazhi (Democracy and the Legal System) in the period 1979-89 - that the establishment of a formal criminal justice system and the development of an embryonic socialist theory of law in China reflect a genuine and widespread legal awakening. A rudimentary legal culture has taken hold among Party leaders, cadres, judicial personnel, intellectuals and the general public. Nevertheless, the contradiction between legal order and Party supremacy remains, as demonstrated by the June Fourth incident in Beijing and the ensuing trials of the 1989 dissidents ; published_or_final_version ; Foreword ; Preface ; Introduction p1 ; Conclusion p323 ; Glossary p339 ; Bibliography p349 ; Index to Case Studies p365 ; Index p369 ; Pt. 1 Marxism in Deng's China p15 ; Pt. 2 Legal Reform and the Practice of Law: Case Studies in the Administration of Criminal Justice, 1979- 1989 p69 ; Pt. 3 Towards a Chinese Socialist System and a Chinese Theory of Law p245 ; Appendix 1: Structure of the Criminal Justice System of the People's Republic of China p329 ; Appendix 1: Law and Regulations of the People's Republic of China for Criminal Justice, 1949-1993 p331 ; Ch. 1 The Impact of Ideological Upheaval on the Legal System in China p17 ; Ch. 2 Deng Xiaoping's Ideas on Law p33 ; Ch. 3 Chinese Jurists' Perspectives on Law p43 ; Ch. 4 In the Wake of the Third Plenum: The Inception of Legal Reform p73 ; Ch. 5 The Prelude to Legal Order: The Inauguration of Criminal Justice, 1980-82 p87 ; Ch. 6 On the Threshold of Legality: 1983-85 p133 ; Ch. 7 Legal Reform in Progress: The Emergence of a Legal Society, 1986-89 p191 ; Ch. 8 Principles, Theory and Practice of Socialist Law in the First Decade of Legal Reform p247 ; Ch. 9 The 1989 Student Democratic Movement: A Legal Perspective p271 ; Ch. 10 Trials of Dissidents of the 1989 Democratic Movement: The Limits of Socialist Justice p297

In the United States today criminal justice can vary from state to state, as various states alter the Modern Penal Code to suit their own local preferences and concerns. In Eastern Europe, the post-Communist countries are quickly adopting new criminal codes to reflect their specific national concerns as they gain autonomy from what was once a centralized Soviet policy. As commonalities among countries and states disintegrate, how are we to view the basic concepts of criminal law as a whole? Eminent legal scholar George Fletcher acknowledges that criminal law is becoming increasingly localized, with every country and state adopting their own conception of punishable behavior, determining their own definitions of offenses. Yet by taking a step back from the details and linguistic variations of the criminal codes, Fletcher is able to perceive an underlying unity among diverse systems of criminal justice. Challenging common assumptions, he discovers a unity that emerges not on the surface of statutory rules and case law but in the underlying debates that inform them. Basic Concepts of Criminal Law identifies a set of twelve distinctions that shape and guide the controversies that inevitably break out in every system of criminal justice. Devoting a chapter to each of these twelve concepts, Fletcher maps out what he considers to be the deep structure of all systems of criminal law. Understanding these distinctions will not only enable students to appreciate the universal fundamental ideas of criminal law, but will enable them to understand the significance of local details and variations. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/1078/thumbnail.jpg

DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA HAVE HAD IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF ARMED FORCES THAT ARE LIKELY TO HAVE AN INCREASING IMPACT. THE LARGE BODY OF "INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW"--ENCOMPASSING BOTH THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND CERTAIN ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW--HAS BECOME MORE SPECIFIC, NOT ONLY ABOUT THE OBLIGATIONS TO BE OBSERVED BY GOVERNMENTS AND ARMED FORCES, BUT ALSO ABOUT IMPLEMENTATION. THIS ARTICLE SURVEYS SOME OF THESE DEVELOPMENTS, INCLUDING CHANGES IN THE LAW OF WAR, THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW TO LATE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CONFLICTS, THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRIBUNALS, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC).