Suchergebnisse

Welche Chancen und Probleme bietet der Verweis auf Menschenrechte bei der Definition völkerstrafrechtlich relevanter Verbrechen? Unter welchen Voraussetzungen ist ein Verweis auf den Katalog des internationalen Menschenrechtsschutz dogmatisch angemessen und praktisch wahrscheinlich? Diese Fragen werden sowohl rechtstheoretisch, in der tatsächlichen Rechtsanwendung als auch empirisch durch Gespräche mit Richterinnen und Richtern an völkerstrafrechtlichen Gerichten ergründet.Durch das Aufzeigen der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der beiden Rechtsgebiete, der vorherrschenden dogmatischen Unschärfen sowie Ansätzen zu deren Lösung, leistet der Band einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Debatte über Rechtssicherheit und Innovation im Bereich des Völkerstrafrechts.

Welche Chancen und Probleme bietet der Verweis auf Menschenrechte bei der Definition völkerstrafrechtlich relevanter Verbrechen? Unter welchen Voraussetzungen ist ein Verweis auf den Katalog des internationalen Menschenrechtsschutz dogmatisch angemessen und praktisch wahrscheinlich? Diese Fragen werden sowohl rechtstheoretisch, in der tatsächlichen Rechtsanwendung als auch empirisch durch Gespräche mit Richterinnen und Richtern an völkerstrafrechtlichen Gerichten ergründet.Durch das Aufzeigen der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der beiden Rechtsgebiete, der vorherrschenden dogmatischen Unschärfen sowie Ansätzen zu deren Lösung, leistet der Band einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Debatte über Rechtssicherheit und Innovation im Bereich des Völkerstrafrechts

Article 83(2) TFEU, introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon, confers a power on the EU to harmonise Member States' legislation to define criminal offences and criminal sanctions. Nonetheless, uncertainty persists as to whether this provision exhaustively determines the EU's power to adopt criminal law to enforce its policies. The article outlines the core case for viewing art.83(2) TFEU as a lex specialis. It argues that the post-Lisbon constitutional design, alongside principled and teleological considerations, support a Member State centred approach for criminal law competence. This is particularly the case with regard to the adoption of harmonisation measures.

"The legal position of convicted offenders is complex, as are the social consequences that can result from a criminal conviction. After they have served their sentences, custodial or not, convicted offenders often continue to be subject to numerous restrictions, in many cases indefinitely, due to their criminal conviction. In short, criminal convictions can have adverse legal consequences that may affect convicted offenders in several aspects of their lives. In turn, these legal consequences can have broader social consequences. Legal consequences are often not formally part of the criminal law, but are regulated by different areas of law, such as administrative law, constitutional law, labour law, civil law, and immigration law. For this reason, they are often obscured from judges as well as from defendants and their legal representatives in the courtroom. The breadth, severity and longevity and often hidden nature of these restrictions raises the question of whether offenders' fundamental rights are sufficiently protected. This book explores the nature and extent of the legal consequences of criminal convictions in Europe, Australia and the USA. It addresses the following questions: What legal consequences can a criminal conviction have? How do these consequences affect convicted offenders? And how can and should these consequences be limited by law?"--Bloomsbury Publishing

The article deals with certain problems arising out of implementation of criminal liability of legal entities in Ukraine. The author researches experience of criminal liability of legal entities in some foreign countries and analyzes existing problems of this institute. Foreign and national approaches to criminal liability of legal entities have been compared. The issue of incompliance between international standards in criminal law and traditional approaches to the main institutes of criminal law in Ukraine has been considered. The article deals with theoretical and practical application of criminal liability against legal entities. Grounds for criminal liability and types of punishment which can be applied to legal entities and their future implementation in Ukraine have been emphasized. It has been established that economic imfluence is the most effective against legal entities. That is why the most common type of sanctions for legal entities is fine. Implementation of criminal liability of legal entities in foreign legislation was a significant step towards counteraction to illegal activities of these entities. Foreign experience is useful and efficient for future implementation of European integration of Ukraine and attempts to solve existing problems related to bringing of legal entities to liability. At the same time, it would be possible to use experience of the state which implemented the most effective mechanisms of impact on legal entities for corruption and other crimes. For national legislation this step is really revolutionary. But if the legislator is interested that this institute operates effectively certain amendments and supplements to the Criminal Code of Ukraine are needed.

To date, "transnational criminal law" has been the dominant paradigm for explaining and mapping rules on corruption in the international legal literature. Transnational criminal law is presented as a system of law descending from multilateral crime control treaties or a field or order that emerges through international political processes of regime formation. Transnational criminal lawyers identify and describe cross-border legal rules, and seek to evaluate them against liberal norms of democratic governance and individual civil and political human rights. This Article details the limits of transnational criminal conceptions of "anticorruption" through a study of proposed changes to Australian laws on corporate foreign bribery. Drawing on primary and secondary documentary sources, domestic and international, it shows that the emerging antipodean rules are only partially transnational, as that term is understood in transnational criminal law theory. Likewise, multilateral "suppression conventions" and related soft laws are but one impetus for the proposed changes to Australian federal anticorruption legislation. Rather, as the transnational legal ordering literature suggests, a recursive process appears to be at work between international organizations and local legislators, as well as transnational non-state actors, both charities and businesses. This process is marked by moments of borrowing from (former) patrons, the US and the UK. However, it is also punctuated by themes of modernization, economic efficiency, and reputation. In addition, Australian anti-corruption activities may result not just in changes to national criminal law, but also in the development of "new" – and controversial – techniques of governance.

The present article stipulates on various disputable issues of applying the general legal maxims on overcoming the conflict of lex posterior derogate priori and lex specialis derogate legi generali based on the empirical examples of contemporary Russian criminal law. The objective is to clear the peculiarities of operating the lex posterior and lex specialis maxims including, inter alia, through appealing to the doctrine and positive law in the aspect of correlation with some specific colnflict rules. For this purpose, the author turns to a number of techniques, ways and methods of legal phenomena studies, such as, particularly, system approach, ascend from abstract to specific, using the logic of standard and normative statements, conceptual and definition analysis, speculative experiment, legal and dogmatic approach, legal simulation method, law comparison method. The main conclusion of the research is formulated as follows: though the principles of lex specialis and lex posterior are generated by the legal doctrine as criteria for selecting one out of two conflicting options, the principle that a law governing a specific subject matter overrides a law governing only general matters finds a wider scope of application compared to the principle of priority of a new law over the old one. The situation is explained by the fact that lex specialis is deliberately used by the legislators to construct logical relationships of legal rules, while lex posterior does not perform a similar function

Modern criminal legislation of Ukraine is the combination of systematic and specific legislative acts that define the bases and principles of criminal responsibility, sentencing, release of liability and punishment.