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El trabajo recoge una investigación reciente entre un grupo de empresarios y funcionarios empresariales en entidades cubanas (legales e ilegales), para determinar las características de la utilización de las Tecnologías de la información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) en sus funciones directivas. Se emplearon cuestionarios anónimos y entrevistas informales, como métodos de búsqueda de información y se visitaron sitios WEB donde aparecen informaciones relativas a la problemática analizada. En base a las informaciones acopiadas y a su análisis, se proponen un conjunto de acciones para mejorar la gerencia con el adecuado uso de las TIC.

In 1870, political science was established as an academic discipline, attached to history, at the Lund University. In 1877, a chair in history and political science was created. Twenty-five years later, it was transformed into a chair in political science and statistics. In 1926, that symbiosis was put to an end and political science was awarded a chair of its own. Pontus Fahlbeck, professor from 1889 to 1917, was a historian who developed into a social scientist with broad interests: political science, statistics, economics, and sociology. Several of his books were also published in foreign languages and he had many contacts with colleagues abroad, particularly in France and Germany. However, the critical period in the modernization of political science in Lund happened just after the middle of the 20th century, with Nils Stjernquist, holding the chair from 1951 to 1983, at helm. The dependence of history and legal science waned; the influence of social science, especially in its American version, increased. The result was a modern political science department with broad interests and worldwide contacts. References.

El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo de las características de la carrera docente en los sistemas universitarios públicos de Ecuador y Argentina; investigación cuyo enfoque es predominantemente cualitativo, al enmarcarse en la disciplina de la legislación educativa, y metodológicamente asume el método comparativo tomando como base de estudio las regulaciones políticas y normativas. Este propósito se materializa: en primer lugar, con una mirada al significado de la profesión docente (en general y específicamente, en ambos países) y en segundo, a través de un planteamiento de características que intervienen en la organización, la estructura, el marco legal, reglamentos y procesos del sistema universitario; que permiten analizar descriptivamente sobre el acceso a la carrera, la tipología, la promoción y remuneraciones del profesorado. Finalmente, se destacan las diferencias y semejanzas que ambos sistemas poseen entre sí, donde son mayoritarias las coincidencias que facilitan la construcción reflexiva conducente a mejorar los sistemas de carrera del personal académico, con una sinergia de la sostenibilidad financiera y la garantía de los derechos laborales, en procura de la calidad educativa.

This article deals with the allez and retour provisions (Claes 2005: 84 f) of the Swedish constitution in relation to IU membership. What are the rules governing the transfer of sovereignty to the Union? And what are the provisions for assessing the constitutionality of the incoming tide of Union law into the domestic legal order? I have three objects in this essay. First, to describe how these two groups of constitutional rules were actually modified in the 2010 revision of the 1974 Instrument of Government. 1 find that neither was changed in any material way. Second, to try to explain the apparent reluctance of the parties involved to clarify the constitutional implications of EU membership. I find that this reluctance is rooted in a belief that European integration is not furthered if the rules contained in the allez and retour provisions are made stricter and more precise. Third, to confront a question conspicuously omitted by the parties in their revision: namely, by what criterion should the allez. and retour provisions be intertwined, if an optimum of hi-level constitutionalism is to be achieved? I argue that, in the end, the underlying issue is whether Swedish citizens want to see the principle of free movement applied as widely as possible. Do they want this principle to be applied across the board? Or would they prefer instead to restrict its application to the case of capital and goods, thus leaving them free to structure the labour market and welfare state as they themselves see fit? Adapted from the source document.