Suchergebnisse

All days the same difficulty: Légifrance does not inexplicably bring together the decisions of the trial courts in criminal matters. It is to be hoped that the judges of the High Court who regularly speak to us will soon intervene to put an end to this situation. It is therefore only by reference, when proceedings are brought before the Cour de cassation, that it is possible to assess the punitive public procurement policy. Although this is not without frustration, the information available for the past period (October 2017-August 2018) is still also illuminating on how to approach public procurement, a matter which is normally reserved for administrative courts alone. ; International audience ; All days the same difficulty: Légifrance does not inexplicably bring together the decisions of the trial courts in criminal matters. It is to be hoped that the judges of the High Court who regularly speak to us will soon intervene to put an end to this situation. It is therefore only by reference, when proceedings are brought before the Cour de cassation, that it is possible to assess the punitive public procurement policy. Although this is not without frustration, the information available for the past period (October 2017-August 2018) is still also illuminating on how to approach public procurement, a matter which is normally reserved for administrative courts alone. ; Toujours la même difficulté : de manière inexplicable Légifrance ne rassemble pas les décisions des juges du fond en matière pénale. Il faut espérer que les magistrats de la Haute juridiction qui nous font régulièrement l'honneur de nous lire interviendront bientôt pour mettre fin à cette situation. Ce n'est donc que par référence, lorsque la cour de cassation est saisie, qu'il est possible d'évaluer la politique répressive en matière de commande publique. Même si la démarche ne va pas sans frustrations, la moisson d'informations pour la période écoulée (octobre 2017-août 2018) est toujours aussi éclairante sur la manière d'aborder la commande publique, ...

This book offers a comparative perspective on 18 countries' legal regulation of crowdfunding. In the wake of the financial crises of 2008, use of this alternative financing method has increased substantially, in various forms. Whereas some states have adopted tailor-made regimes in order to regulate but also encourage this way of financing projects, allowing loans to be made by non-banking institutions, others still haven't specifically addressed the subject. An analysis of these diverse legislative stances offers readers a range of legal solutions for managing crowdfunding activities with regard to e.g. protecting investors, imposing limits on project owners, and finally the role and duties of intermediaries, i.e., companies operating crowdfunding platforms. In addition, the content presented here provides a legal basis for states and supranational organizations interested in regulating this phenomenon to achieve more legal certainty. .

The multinational company is raising awareness and is at the heart of many debates : political, sociological, ecological, economic and legal. It constitutes a challenge for the lawyer and especially the penalist insofar as it is above all an economic fact, at first sight elusive for criminal law. Thus, its power and its capacity to supplant the States make this entity, a nebula for which the state regulation appears like wishful thinking. Indeed, the multinational company plays with states and their legal systems, through its structure and functioning, so that it is not subject to binding standards both at national and international level. Multinational company is the perfect expression of liberalism, an economic doctrine which advocates the absence of a state in companies. However, criminal law is essentially state-bound and sovereignist. Thus, one can legitimately wonder about the capacity of criminal law to apprehend the multinational company, to seize the delinquency resulting from its activities throughout the world, which often are accompanied by offenses of all types : human rights abuses, pollution, corruption, money laundering, etc. Seeking to make the multinational company criminally responsible therefore consists in daring to bring together two systemically opposed logics.The study aims at bringing out, first of all, the narrow nature of criminal law in the face of a multinational company. This does not fit well with the fundamental principles of criminal law, in particular territoriality, guilt and accountability. And even the sanction which nevertheless gives its letters of nobility to the criminal law seems to appear pale in the face of the delinquency of the multinational business, which does not lack resources to escape any trial and to annihilate all punishing inclinations, by self-regulating the means of the commitments issued by itself. In this case, the criminal law can only be satisfied with what the multinational company wants to leave it with. The research also aims to demonstrate, in a ...

The multinational company is raising awareness and is at the heart of many debates : political, sociological, ecological, economic and legal. It constitutes a challenge for the lawyer and especially the penalist insofar as it is above all an economic fact, at first sight elusive for criminal law. Thus, its power and its capacity to supplant the States make this entity, a nebula for which the state regulation appears like wishful thinking. Indeed, the multinational company plays with states and their legal systems, through its structure and functioning, so that it is not subject to binding standards both at national and international level. Multinational company is the perfect expression of liberalism, an economic doctrine which advocates the absence of a state in companies. However, criminal law is essentially state-bound and sovereignist. Thus, one can legitimately wonder about the capacity of criminal law to apprehend the multinational company, to seize the delinquency resulting from its activities throughout the world, which often are accompanied by offenses of all types : human rights abuses, pollution, corruption, money laundering, etc. Seeking to make the multinational company criminally responsible therefore consists in daring to bring together two systemically opposed logics.The study aims at bringing out, first of all, the narrow nature of criminal law in the face of a multinational company. This does not fit well with the fundamental principles of criminal law, in particular territoriality, guilt and accountability. And even the sanction which nevertheless gives its letters of nobility to the criminal law seems to appear pale in the face of the delinquency of the multinational business, which does not lack resources to escape any trial and to annihilate all punishing inclinations, by self-regulating the means of the commitments issued by itself. In this case, the criminal law can only be satisfied with what the multinational company wants to leave it with. The research also aims to demonstrate, in a ...

La fiscalité ne peut être ignorée dans la construction européenne d'un marché intérieur unique. Cependant, la fiscalité étant un des attributs essentiels de la souveraineté étatique, les Etats membres sont particulièrement réticents à délaisser de leurs compétences en ce domaine. Elle n'apparaît donc pas comme un élément-clé de cette construction. Pourtant, dès le Traité de Rome, des choix stratégiques sont opérés, qui vont peu à peu conduire à l'harmonisation de pans entiers de la fiscalité. Si certaines avancées résultent de l'action politique, d'autres progrès seront plus tard le fait des contribuables. L'émergence d'une fiscalité européenne est donc le résultat d'un processus évolutif et interactif impliquant – à des degrés divers – les institutions européennes, les Etats membres et les contribuables. Cette construction connaît cependant des limites, qui sont d'autant plus durement ressenties que la fiscalité prend de plus en plus d'importance, par rapport à d'autres matières, au fur et à mesure de la réalisation du marché intérieur.