Suchergebnisse

Nach Kreta, Rom, Wien, Göttingen Sevilla und Budapest, den Austragungsorten der bisherigen Kongresse, hat die Societas Iuris Publici Europaei (SIPE) ihren Siebten Kongress vom 10. bis 12. Juni 2010 in Straßburg mit dem Thema "Das Soft Law der Europäischen Organisationen" veranstaltet. Bekanntlich hat zwar das soft law seinen Ursprung im internationalen Bereich bzw. im Völkerrecht, in dem diese Bezeichnung für nicht formal rechtsverbindliche Übereinkünfte, Absichtserklärungen oder Leitlinien verwendet wird, doch hat es aber auch Eingang in das Europarecht gefunden. Mit seiner bereits umstrittenen Begriffsbestimmung, seiner ebenfalls umstrittenen Rechtsnatur und Bindungswirkung sowie seiner Gegenüberstellung zum hard law ist inzwischen das soft law ein im europäischen Rechtsraum für die Juristen offenes Diskussionsthema. Die vielschichtigen und komplizierten Fragen seiner Geltung und Tragweite im Bereich der europäischen Organisationen, d.h. derjenigen der Europäischen Union und des Europarats, wurden zwei Tage lang in Straßburg von Fachleuten aus Theorie und Praxis lebhaft diskutiert. Die Referate sind zusammen mit den Beiträgen aus dem "Atelier Junger Wissenschaftler", ein Forum auf dem qualifizierte Nachwuchswissenschaftler zu dem Tagungsthema eigene Referate beisteuern und diskutieren, in dem vorliegenden Tagungsband abgedruckt

This article takes a closer look at a recent trial in which a man has been charged for having "sodomized" his pony Junior. The offence of "physical abuse of a sexual nature" related to animals was added in 2004 to the article 521.1 of the criminal Code which also condemns "aggravated physical abuse" and "cruelty". Whether animal-related laws are justified in the name of their protection and the prevention of unjustified suffering as they are subjected to humans, it appears that this piece of legislation actually condemns wrong sexual inclinations in a sheer moralistic way. The interpretation of the judges in this case reveals a pastoral conception of State intervention, strengthening the moral rationality which drives law-makers and judges in the realm of sexuality since the 1980's. Adapted from the source document.

Des brochures publiées entre 1767 et 1840 portent sur des procès qui ont eu lieu au Québec / Bas- Canada. Or, à cette époque, la province n'a pas de recueils consacrés à la diffusion de la jurisprudence. Le but premier de ces brochures est de présenter une affaire judiciaire particulière. Loin de se limiter à diffuser un jugement, la brochure comprend la reproduction des procédures écrites et même, à l'occasion, la transcription des témoignages rendus lors de I'audition. La publication de ces brochures est rarement justifiée par leur intérêt juridique. Elles ne visent donc pas à alimenter la communauté juridique en lui fournissant des sources qui pourraient être utilisées, par la suite, devant les tribunaux. Aussi, les affaires retenues pour publication semblent avoir été choisies en considérant I'intérêt qu'elles sont susceptibles de susciter dans la société civile et non pas dans la communauté juridique. La publication de ces procès contribue vraisemblablement à forger un espace public, plutôt qu'à édifier une jurisprudence coloniale. Les visées sont, en somme, plus politiques que juridiques. Ainsi, lorsque le gouvernement décide, au tournant du XIXe siècle, de publier une brochure qui comprend des pièces du dossier de I'affaire McLane, il entend contrer l'infiltration étrangère dans la province. Plus tard, lors de la révolte des Patriotes en 1837-1838, les publications de certaines affaires cherchent à montrer que les hommes poursuivis le sont pour des motifs politiques. L'ensemble de ces brochures témoigne à la fois de l'usage des affaires judiciaires dans la constitution d'une opinion publique et de l'autonomie limite du champ juridique à l'égard du champ politique. ; There are brochures published between 1767 and 1840 regarding trials that took place in Quebec / Lower Canada. At that time, the province did not have reports focusing on the publication of case law. The first objective of these brochures was to present specific legal decisions.The brochures were not limited to the publication of a judgment, but also included the pleadings, as well as, occasionally, the transcription of testimony presented at the hearings. The publication of such brochures was rarely based on the judicial interest of the cases. The objective was not to provide the legal community with sources that could be used thereafter before the courts. The selection of case law to be published seems to have been based on what was likely to be of interest for the public at large rather than for the legal community. The publication of trials was designed for the public and was not an attempt at building up any sort of colonial case law. The objective was, in short, more political than legal. Consequently, when the government decided, at the turn of the XIXth century, to publish a brochure containing evidentary excerpts of the McLane case, it did so in an attempt to counter foreign infiltration in the province. Later, during the Patriots' Rebellion in 1837-1838, the publication of certain cases sought to demonstrate that prosecutions were based on political grounds. Overall, the brochures underscore that case law is essentially used to build up public opinion; they also show the limited freedom of the legal field versus the political field.

Freedom from arrest -- Parliamentary elections -- Parliamentary wages -- The process of statutory regulation -- The royal courts and their procedures -- The texts -- Documents relating to parliamentary privilege -- Documents relating to parliamentary elections -- Documents relating to the payment of members of parliament

Today, the penal norm is anymore the traditional sanction against discrimination policy. Its ineptitude to offer an adequate answer has justified this situation; it still has a real function within this policy. The first function of the penal norm is to promote the core values of a society.Discrimination is usually assimilated with breach of equality. In criminal law, discrimination is linked with a rupture of human dignity, but as we know the penal norm is not fully applied.The treatment of discrimination is nowadays numerous (prevention program, criminal sanction, regulation policy) but on the other hand theses measures are not able to deal with criminal deficiencies. The system, today, can be improved, as it is so hard to define a role to each other or alternative processing option. Anyway, it is obvious saying that, in some cases, other sanctions than criminal are necessarily insufficient. The criminal policy has to ensure the balance. ; La norme pénale n'est plus l'unique règle de droit sanctionnant les discriminations, elle ne constitue qu'une disposition parmi toutes celles composant la politique criminelle de lutte contre les discriminations. Son incapacité à offrir une réponse suffisante a justifié cette évolution. Pourtant, il convient de démontrer que la norme pénale occupe encore une réelle fonction au sein de cette politique criminelle. En rattachant la discrimination au respect de la dignité humaine, la norme pénale a élaboré un concept éthique de non-discrimination. Le traitement des discriminations n'en reste pas moins éclectique. La multiplicité des mesures adoptées n'a pas permis de faire face à toutes les carences existantes. Le système actuel reste perfectible, sa complexité ne permet pas une définition suffisante des rôles de chaque voie de traitement ou de chaque acteur. La subsistance d'atteintes graves, qui ne sauraient se passer d'une sanction pénale, induit l'idée qu'un nouvel équilibre doit être instauré.

Preliminary Material /Sienho Yee and Jacques-Yvan Morin -- L'Ordre Juridique International Et L'Éthique Du Bien Commun Dans Lère De La Mondialisation /Jacques-Yvan Morin -- From E Unum Pluribus To E Pluribus Unum In The Journey From An African Village To A Global Village? /Rein Müllerson -- The Concept Of The \'Harmonious World\': An Important Contribution To International Relations /Duan Jielong -- Civilization And World Order: The Relevance Of The Civilizational Paradigm In Contemporary International Law /Hans Köchler -- International Law And Multiculturalism /Abdul G. Koroma -- Reflections On Multiculturalism And International Law /Hugh Thirlway -- Cultural And Ideological Pluralism And International Law: Revisited 20 Years On /V.S. Vereshchetin -- Universalism And Particularisms In The Creation Process Of International Law /Manuel Rama-Montaldo -- The Shift In The Perception Of Multiculturalism At The United Nations Since 1945 /Johannes Van Aggelen -- Democracy And International Law /Karl Doehring -- The Intrinsic And Instrumental Values Of Diversity: Some Philosophical And Legal Considerations /Sienho Yee -- Fédéralisme Et Mise En Oeuvre Du Droit International /Christian Dominicé -- Participation Of Un Member States In The Work Of The Organization: A Multicultural Alternative To Present-Day Regionalism? /Stefan Talmon -- Some Provisions Of The Statute Of The International Court Of Justice Which Deserve Amendments /Budislav Vukas -- The Administration Of Justice By The International Court Of Justice And The Parties /Mariko Kawano -- Legal Multiculturalism And The International Law Commission /Sompong Sucharitkul -- The International Criminal Court: Building On The Principal Legal Systems Of The World /Phillippe Kirsch -- Multiculturalism And The Human Rights Committee /Nisuke Ando -- Multiculturalism And The Bretton Woods Institutions /Bartram S. Brown -- International Organizations And Governance Of The International Monetary Fund /William E. Holder -- L'Union Européenne, Acteur Civil Et Militaire Dans La Gestion Des Crises Internationales : La Pesd, Politique Européenne De Sécurité Et De Défense /Daniel Vignes -- The International Institutional System And International Non-Governmental Organizations /Ludmila Galenskaya -- Unilateral Responses To International Terrorism: Self-Defense Or Law Enforcement? /Shinya Murase -- The Legality Of The Use Of Force In The Recent Case Law Of The International Court Of Justice /Pieter H. Kooijmans -- International Protection Of Human Rights: Universalism And Regionalism /Rudolf Bernhardt -- The Right To Cultural Identity In The Evolving Jurisprudential Construction Of The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights /Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade -- Danish Cartoons: Freedom Of Speech Versus Freedom Of Religion? /Curtis F.J. Doebbler -- Two Faces Of Multiculturalism In Present International Law /Vladimir-Djuro Degan -- Kosovo: Some Thoughts On Its Future Status /Rüdiger Wolfrum -- Minorities In Europe: Recent Trends /Bogdan Aurescu -- We The [Indigenous] Peoples Of The United Nations /Maivân Clech Lâm -- Multiculturalism And The Development Of International Humanitarian Law /Michael Bothe.

The creation of corporate group became one significant economic phenomenon in our modern society. In France as well as in China, this phenomenon is acknowledged in the different ways by the various branches of law. It is taken into consideration by the company law, the accounting law, the tax law, the financial law, the labour law, the competition law and even by the criminal law. In each country, the ways of acknowledgement of the corporate group are not identical, due to the difference of the objectives that the various branches of law attempt to realize. The establishment of one special law for the corporate group, which recognizes its unified legal status, appears to be improper. Up to now, the corporate groups have not yet been perfectly described in legal terms, and do not constitute a solid legal conception. The legislation of one corporate group law seems to be impossible, unless a fundamental revision of the current company law were realized. In order to avoid the ignorance of the economical reality of the corporate group by the law, it is better to proceed to the adjustment of the currently effective legal provisions. In this respect, the French law constitutes one model to be followed by the Chinese law. The latter could, through the legal reforms in the future, be inspired by the legal and judicial rules of the French law, which seeks to preserve not only the economical vitality of the corporate group, but also the balance of the conflicting interests of the stakeholders. With regard to the relations between the majority shareholders, the minority shareholders and the corporate directors, the French law comes to demonstrate that traditional rules of the company law, after adaptation, are normally sufficient to resolve the problems incurred within the corporate group. Furthermore, the French legal provisions appear capable to maintain a balanced solution related to the group's responsibility vis-à-vis the creditors (employees included). This balance is ensured in French law by a series of classical ...

The creation of corporate group became one significant economic phenomenon in our modern society. In France as well as in China, this phenomenon is acknowledged in the different ways by the various branches of law. It is taken into consideration by the company law, the accounting law, the tax law, the financial law, the labour law, the competition law and even by the criminal law. In each country, the ways of acknowledgement of the corporate group are not identical, due to the difference of the objectives that the various branches of law attempt to realize. The establishment of one special law for the corporate group, which recognizes its unified legal status, appears to be improper. Up to now, the corporate groups have not yet been perfectly described in legal terms, and do not constitute a solid legal conception. The legislation of one corporate group law seems to be impossible, unless a fundamental revision of the current company law were realized. In order to avoid the ignorance of the economical reality of the corporate group by the law, it is better to proceed to the adjustment of the currently effective legal provisions. In this respect, the French law constitutes one model to be followed by the Chinese law. The latter could, through the legal reforms in the future, be inspired by the legal and judicial rules of the French law, which seeks to preserve not only the economical vitality of the corporate group, but also the balance of the conflicting interests of the stakeholders. With regard to the relations between the majority shareholders, the minority shareholders and the corporate directors, the French law comes to demonstrate that traditional rules of the company law, after adaptation, are normally sufficient to resolve the problems incurred within the corporate group. Furthermore, the French legal provisions appear capable to maintain a balanced solution related to the group's responsibility vis-à-vis the creditors (employees included). This balance is ensured in French law by a series of classical ...

Main description: The interdisciplinary essays gathered in this book reconstruct the history of democracy and democratic theories from the perspective of the minority issue. How do democracies deal with their minorities? Do minorities participate in the construction of political will? By what mechanisms does social discrimination against minorities turn violent? How does it happen that minorities are considered "enemies"? What are the normative foundations of the UN minority protection system and the establishment of an International Criminal Court for crimes committed mainly against "groups"? How can universal human rights be reconciled with minority rights? To discuss these questions, the common theoretical reference for the essays in this book is the work of the jurist Hans Kelsen. In 1925, Kelsen criticized democracy as based on a fiction: the "fiction of representation". Since political freedom means the faculty of a people to give themselves their own law, only the represented majority is free - but not the minority. Kant, Hegel, Tocqueville, Benjamin, Lemki, Foucault, Habermas, Honneth and Taylor are some of the authors who are addressed herein for further reflection on the minority issue.

In the EU's fast-growing Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, the principle of mutual recognition should play a key role in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters.Since mutual recognition was enshrined as a cornerstone of judicial cooperation in the EU by the European Council of Tampere in 1999, an increasing number of binding instruments based on this principle have been adopted in the framework of the EU's Third Pillar.The considerable impact of those instruments on national criminal legal systems has often required a major effort by Member States in adjusting their national legislation so that it complies with the new mechanisms agreed at EU level. What are the real difficulties encountered by Member States in the transposition of these legislative texts into national law and, even earlier, when the texts are being negotiated within the Council of the EU? What lessons can be learned from the early years of their practical implementation by the competent judicial authorities? And, above all, what will be the future role and scope of the principle of mutual recognition in criminal matters in Europe? The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the adoption of a new multi-annual programme (replacing the Hague Programme) to strengthen the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice are both pending. In this crucial time of transition and uncertainty, the book seeks to provide answers to the above questions and many other related issues. Through its country by country approach covering the vast majority of the Member States, it intends to provide policymakers, practitioners, academics and researchers with a comprehensive analysis of the problems that have emerged and the solutions envisaged by each State in their implementation of mutual recognition instruments. The country chapters are followed by a final EU-wide analysis that seeks to identify common themes and obstacles and to consider future options and possible scenarios. The whole study, based on in-depth research combined with interviews conducted with hundreds of practitioners and experts from across the EU, amounts to a remarkable team performance carried out together with academics and researcher members of ECLAN (European Criminal Law Academic Network).