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Lee Chun Sing. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i-ii ; Acknowledgment --- p.iii ; Contents --- p.iv ; Lists of Tables --- p.vi ; Lists of Figures --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter Two --- The Basic Model with Exogeneous Real Interest Rate --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Benchmark Model --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion of Results --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Agent Behaviour --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Numerical Examples --- p.23 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- Base Results --- p.25 ; Chapter Chapter Three --- The Basic Model with Endogeneous Real Interest Rate --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Numerical Examples --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- Base Results --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Government Policy Evaluation --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Education Subsidies --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Wage Subsidy --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.3 --- Base Case Outcome --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter Four --- Conclusions --- p.40 ; Appendix A --- p.41 ; Appendix B --- p.42 ; Appendix C --- p.42 ; Tables --- p.47 ; Figures --- p.58 ; References --- p.64

Law Wing Fai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves [151]-156). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.I ; 摘要 --- p.II ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV ; Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Background --- p.1 ; Purpose --- p.3 ; Organization --- p.4 ; Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- REVIEW OF THEORIES AND LITERATURE --- p.5 ; The Literature on Foreign Direct Investment --- p.5 ; The Literature on Legal Issues --- p.10 ; Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- METHODOLOGY --- p.17 ; Data Collection --- p.17 ; Control Variables in Detail --- p.20 ; Design of Regression Models --- p.26 ; Methodology --- p.28 ; Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL FACTORS ON INVESTMENT MODE SELECTION --- p.29 ; Rationale for the Study --- p.29 ; Fundamental Differences between Partial Acquisition and JV --- p.30 ; Importance of Legal Institutions in the Choice of M&A and JV --- p.33 ; Hypothesis on the Effects of Legal Factors on Investment Mode Selection --- p.34 ; Hypothesis on Legal Origin --- p.34 ; Hypothesis on Shareholder Protection --- p.36 ; Hypothesis on the Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.39 ; Hypothesis on Securities Regulation --- p.42 ; Hypothesis on Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency --- p.42 ; Hypothesis on Other Legal Issues --- p.43 ; Empirical Evidence for the Effects of Legal Factors on Investment Mode Selection --- p.45 ; Legal Origin --- p.45 ; Shareholder Protection --- p.48 ; Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.50 ; "Securities Regulation, Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency" --- p.52 ; Other Legal Issues --- p.54 ; Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL FACTORS ON OWNERSHIP PROPORTION DECISION --- p.57 ; Rationale for the Study --- p.57 ; Hypothesis on the Effects of Legal Factors on Ownership Proportion Decision --- p.57 ; Hypothesis on Legal Origin --- p.59 ; Hypothesis on Shareholder Protection --- p.59 ; Hypothesis on Government Enforcement Efficiency --- ...

The creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) marks an important progress in international law. However, in order to become a relevant body the Court must rely on the cooperation of all its members & benefit from the help of the states that didn't subscribe to the Rome statute. In the post 9/11 context it is important to assess the impact of the new counter-terrorist agenda on the regular functioning of the Court: will it help or will it endanger the ICC professed goals? In this particular context, the United States' position is of the utmost importance. Adapted from the source document.

Bankruptcy law is an important economic institution because of its effects on credit and, consequently, on financial and economic development. This fact has led several countries to revise their law. This article presents an overview on the topic focusing in Brazil. Its main points are: credit in Brazil is not compatible with the country level of development; there is evidence that Brazil is among the countries where legal protection to creditors is worst; the international experience shows that changes in the bankruptcy law affects the market for credit; and the Brazilian law is extremely outdated. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

This paper aims to analyze the lawfullness of preventive intervention under the United Nations Charter. The objective is to assess a legal perspective. In doing so, case-studies will be presented to illustrate the arguments in favor of & against the preventive use of force. In addition, the 'responsability to protect' will be analized as a possibility of the preventive use of force in situations of serious violation of human rights. Adapted from the source document.

A Enfermagem Operativa (EO) possibilita uma nova perspectiva no ensino de enfermagem em nível militar. Este estudo objetiva descrever o processo de construção da EO na Escola de Saúde (ES) de um Hospital da Marinha do Brasil (MB) e caracterizar a atuação do "enfermeiro militar" nos cuidados em situações de "crash". Trata-se de estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados teve início em 2002 com a revisão de literatura, concatenada a reuniões entre militares para discussão dos preceitos e bases desta modalidade. Esta aponta para a reestruturação curricular, de infra-estrutura e de instrumentos normativos e a revisão dos aspectos ético-legais. Este estudo evidencia um senso valorativo da vida humana e permite a busca da legitimação das atividades dessa enfermagem diferenciada junto aos órgãos competentes. ; La Enfermería Operativa (EO) posibilita una nueva perspectiva en la enseñanza de enfermería a nivel militar. Objetivos: describir el proceso de construcción de la EO de la Escuela de Salud (ES) de un Hospital de la Marina del Brasil (MB) y caracterizar la actuación del "enfermero militar" en los cuidados en situaciones de "crash". Fue un estudio de caso con aproximación cualitativa. La recopilación de datos se inició en 2002, con revisión de literatura concatenada a reuniones entre militares para discusión de los preceptos y bases de esta modalidad. Esta apunta para la reestructuración curricular, de infraestructura y de instrumentos normativos y la revisión de los aspectos ético-legales. Se evidencia un sentido valorativo de la vida humana y permite la búsqueda de la legitimación de las actividades de una enfermería diferenciada junto a los órganos competentes. ; Operative Nursing (EO) allows for a new perspective in military nursing education. This case study from a qualitative approach aimed to describe the construction process of EO at the School of Health (ES) of a Brazilian Navy (MB) Hospital and to characterize "military nurses'" care performance in "crash" situations. Data collection started in 2002 through a literature review, combined with meetings between military to discuss the rules and bases of this modality, which gave rise to the reorganization of the curriculum, infrastructure and normative instruments and the review of ethical-legal aspects. This study discloses a valuing sense of human life and allows for the search to legitimize the activities of a differentiated nursing before competent organs.

This article focuses on the contribution of the Council of Europe (CoE) to the promotion & safeguard of democracy, human rights & the rule of law in Western & Eastern Europe. It is divided in two sections. The first one is an account of how the Council developed a pattern of open & flexible inclusion of new & fragile democracies in the "European political mainstream," without ceasing to promote the development of civil society. The cases chosen here are the relations established with the Iberian states & those of Central & Eastern Europe. Section two highlights some of the legal & institutional innovations brought along with the existence of the CoE & the European Convention of Human Rights. In its conclusion, the author outlines a set of considerations for further reflection on the role of the Council of Europe in the post-9/11 world. Adapted from the source document.

This paper analyses the development of the business and the legal and regulatory environment of the Brazilian accounting, including the accounting education, the structure of ownership, the development of the capital market, auditing and the accounting profession. Brazilian accounting was influenced by tax legislation. Nowadays, this influence is more strong by the corporate Law and the regulation from governmental bodies. However, in recent years has undergone significant changes. Nevertheless, important differences between Brazilian accounting standards and international accounting remain, although efforts made by Brazilian bodies to adapt their accounting norms to the international financial reporting standards. Brazilian accounting profession and representative councils are not politically strong enough to influence the government. The Brazilian accounting standards published by the Federal Accountancy Council don't have legal authority. Shortcomings in the education of accounting in Brazil have brought about the necessity for a proficiency examination and continued professional development under the Federal Accountancy Council. ; O presente trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento do ambiente regulatório, legal e de negócios na contabilidade Brasileira, incluindo a educação contábil, e a estrutura acionária, o desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais, e a profissão de auditor e de contador. A contabilidade Brasileira foi influenciada pela legislação fiscal. Nos dias de hoje, esta influencia é ainda mais forte devido à legislação societária e às regras dos órgãos governamentais. Entretanto, nos últimos anos ela sofreu mudanças significativas. Mesmo assim, permanecem ainda diferenças significativas entre os padrões contábeis brasileiros e os padrões internacionais, apesar dos esforços feitos pelas entidades brasileiras, no sentido de adequar as normas contábeis aos padrões de divulgação financeiros internacionais. A profissão de contador no Brasil e os conselhos representativos não são, politicamente, suficientemente ...

OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa a uma abordagem da psiquiatria forense dentro de diferentes contextos, no sentido de mostrar como essa ciência é influenciada por aspectos legais e culturais. MÉTODO: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de apreender formas culturalmente diferentes de se lidar com a lei dentro do campo médico-psiquiátrico. RESULTADOS: Existe uma enorme gama de fatores, de diversas naturezas (legal, política, cultural, religiosa), que enriquece e, simultaneamente, dificulta um debate sobre o tema. CONCLUSÕES: Existem dois grandes obstáculos para se adquirir um conhecimento sobre a prática, em todo o mundo, da psiquiatria forense. O primeiro diz respeito a uma heterogeneidade que dificulta sua descrição de forma clara, e o segundo se refere ao próprio desconhecimento de realidades culturalmente muito diferentes. Por outro lado, essas mesmas dificuldades devem representar um estímulo para novos estudos dessa natureza, objetivando a alcançar, pouco a pouco, uma maior compreensão da matéria. ; OBJECTIVE: The study aims to approach forensic psychiatry within different contexts. It endeavors to show how this specific psychiatry science area is influenced by legal and cultural aspects. METHOD: The bibliography reviewed had in view understanding the different ways of how to deal with law within the psychiatric sphere, from a cultural point of view. RESULTS: there is a great heterogeneity, of different nature (legal, political, cultural, and religious) that enrich, but at the same time makes difficult, a debate about this issue. CONCLUSIONS: there are two great obstacles to achieve a good knowledge about the practice of forensic psychiatry all over the world. The first one is represented by a heterogeneity that makes difficult its description in a comprehensible way. The second is the lack of knowledge of the cultural diverse realities. These difficulties should be a stimulus for newer studies of this characteristic. Only in this way it becomes possible to gradually increase the comprehension of this issue.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil dos farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos em drogarias e avaliar o conhecimento sobre alguns aspectos da legislação que rege o funcionamento de drogarias e da profissão. MÉTODOS: Com base em 175 drogarias de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, foram selecionados, por meio de sorteio aleatório, 100 farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevista face a face, orientada por um questionário que avaliava conhecimentos e atitudes. O dados foram processados e analisados utilizando-se Epi Info e Stata e houve busca de associações entre variáveis dependentes e independentes, usando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos farmacêuticos eram mulheres (64%), entre 22 e 29 anos (47%), formadas há cerca de três anos, com habilitação na área industrial (36%) ou em análises clínicas (29%). O conhecimento dos farmacêuticos sobre a legislação sanitária foi avaliado como insuficiente para 28% deles, regular para 50% e bom para 22%. Observou-se baixo conhecimento sobre a exigência legal da permanência de farmacêuticos nas drogarias durante todo o horário de funcionamento, suas atribuições, venda de antibióticos e aplicação de penicilina. Constatou-se que a maioria tem dificuldades com a conceituação de medicamentos genéricos e similares. O baixo nível de conhecimento não se associou com nenhuma variável independente, mostrando que está generalizado, ou seja, presente entre farmacêuticos de várias faixas etárias, de ambos os sexos, independente do tempo de formado e instituição formadora, modalidade de formação entre outros. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a formação na área de atenção farmacêutica de medicamentos, durante a graduação e, sobretudo, o estágio em farmácia e drogaria está deficiente. Faz-se necessária a divulgação de informações sobre a legislação sanitária para o pleno exercício da profissão, sem ameaças penais ou prejuízo da população. ; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of pharmacists employed as technical supervisors in drugstores and evaluate their knowledge regarding certain aspects of the legislation controlling drugstores and the profession in general. METHODS: Based on 175 drugstores in the city of Ribeirão Preto, southeastern Brazil, 100 pharmacists/technical supervisors were randomly selected. Data collection was done by means of in-person interviews, and was guided by a questionnaire evaluating knowledge and attitudes. Data were processed and analyzed using Epi Info and Stata software. Associations were sought between dependent and independent variables using Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Most pharmacists were women (64%), aged 22-29 years (47%), graduated approximately three years prior to data collection, trained to work in the pharmaceutical industry (36%) or in clinical analysis (29%). Pharmacist's knowledge of sanitary legislation was considered as insufficient for 28% of subjects, regular for 50%, and good for 22%. Low levels of knowledge were observed regarding the legal requirement for the presence of a pharmacist during the entire drugstore opening hours, pharmacists' attributions, sale of antibiotics, and penicillin administration. It was found that most professionals have difficulties handling the concepts of 'generic' and 'similar' drugs. Low level of knowledge was not associated with any of the independent variables, indicating that this is a generalized phenomenon, i.e., one present among pharmacists of all age groups and both sexes, irrespective of the time since graduation, institution attended, and modality of graduation, among others. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that training in the field of drug pharmaceutical care, during undergraduate studies and, especially, during traineeship in pharmacies and drugstores is deficient. It is necessary to divulge information concerning sanitary legislation so that pharmacists may fully exert their profession, without risk of legal threats or hazard to the population.